Eradicability
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Eradicability is a trait that some species have and some do not.[1] Eradicability is also known as feasibility of eradication, practicality of eradication and probability of successful eradication.[2][3] Having eradicability means a species could be made extinct.[1] Anyone trying to eradicate an infectious disease cares about eradicability.[1]
It is difficult to find out what the eradicability of a disease is.[4] To do that we need to know: How easy is eradication?; Do other people support eradication?[4][5]
Things which will affect eradicability
Things that make a thing less eradicable include:
- Long dispersal distance. (A thing has lower eradicability if its offspring travel long distances.)[6]
- Broad host range. (A thing has lower eradicability if it is a parasite which can feed from many different kinds of things.)[6]
- If it is a disease, multiple pathogens causing the disease. (A disease has lower eradicability if it is caused by more than one species.)[7]
- Local elimination has not yet been achieved. (A disease has lower eradicability if it has not even been killed in a smaller area yet.)[7]
- Perception that the species isn't a big problem. (A thing has lower eradicability if people do not support eradication because they think it is not a real problem.)[7]
- Lack of financial support. (A thing has lower eradicability if large amounts of money are not being given to the eradication effort.)[7]
- Lack of political support. (A thing has lower eradicability if politicians do not support eradication.)[7]
- High estimated cost of eradication. (A thing has lower eradicability if experts find that eradication will cost a lot.)[7]
- Political instability in the affected countries. (A thing has lower eradicability if the area's governments are not working well.)[7]
- Lack of identifiable symptoms. (A disease has lower eradicability if you cannot see from the outside whether someone has it.)[7]
- Large geographic range. (A thing has lower eradicability if it lives in a large number of places.)[3]
- Specifically for filarial diseases: Things that make filarial diseases less eradicable include:
- Higher annual biting rate of the vector. (A filarial disease has lower eradicability if the mosquitoes that carry it bite more often.)[8]
- Higher annual transmission potential of the host. (A filarial disease has lower eradicability if the humans that might get it are getting it from mosquitoes more often.)[8]
- Facilitative effects in the parasite. (A filarial disease has lower eradicability if each parasite helps others of its own species.)[8]
- Lack of density-dependent reproductive decline. (A filarial disease has lower eradicability if it doesn't stop having offspring when its area becomes crowded.)[8]
- Low threshold biting rate. (A filarial disease has lower eradicability if it can still infect new victims even if mosquitoes are not biting very much.)[8]
- Low transmission thresholds in general. (A filarial disease has lower eradicability if it never stops infecting new victims for any reason.)[8]
Vaccination makes some diseases more eradicable.[9] Several scientific studies find eradicability isn't sufficient with only voluntary vaccination, however.[10] Those studies include Bauch & Earn 2004, Chen 2006 and Perisic & Bauch 2009.[10]
Eradicability of specific species
A disease with high eradicability is lymphatic filariasis.[1]
Experts believe COVID-19 has a higher eradicability than polio.[11] Experts believe COVID-19 has a much lower eradicability than smallpox.[11]
Experts think P. striiformis is not eradicable because it has a long potential dispersal distance and a broad host range.[6]
Experts think X. fastidiosa in Europe is not eradicable.[12]
Organizations
The Carter Center International Task Force for Disease Eradication (ITFDE) studies diseases' eradicability.[13] ITFDE has opinions about diseases' eradicability.[14] These opinions come from these studies.[14] ITFDE publishes these opinions in reports.[14] ITFDE has opinions about the eradicability of: Measles morbillivirus, Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, Schistosoma mansoni, Onchocerca volvulus, Onchocerca ochengi, Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi), L. donovani and other diseases.[14]
Economics
Questions about who will pay for disease eradications are very important to the probability of eradication – eradicability.[15]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 2023. Issue 9. Volume 16. REVIEW ARTICLE. Sinha, Aashna; Kumar, Sudhashekhar; Dayal, Deen; Yadav, Vaishali; Pramanik, Atreyi; Chaubey, Kundan Kumar; Kumar, Sanjay. Pages 385-399. api
.semanticscholar .org /CorpusID:260638260. doi .org /10 .4103 /1995-7645 .380729. Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: Where do we stand so far? - ↑ 2012. dx
.doi .org /10 .1603 /EC11293. Combining Tactics To Exploit Allee Effects For Eradication Of Alien Insect Populations. - ↑ 3.0 3.1 2014. Volume 16. Pages 401–414. Patrick C. Tobin, John M. Kean, David Maxwell Suckling, Deborah G. McCullough, Daniel A. Herms & Lloyd D. Stringer. doi
.org /10 .1007 /s10530-013-0529-5. Determinants of successful arthropod eradication programs. - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Issue 1. 2013. Pages 54–63. Donald R. Hopkins. Volume 368. api
.semanticscholar .org /CorpusID:205116347. www .ncbi .nlm .nih .gov /pubmed /23281976. doi .org /10 .1056 /nejmra1200391. Disease Eradication. - ↑ pubmed
.ncbi .nlm .nih .gov /11029980. www .ncbi .nlm .nih .gov /pmc /articles /PMC1446384 /. doi .org /10 .2105 /ajph .90 .10 .1515. - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 2020. link
.springer .com /article /10 .1007 /s12571-020-01016-z. - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7
2024.
By Max Roser, Sophie Ochmann, Hannah Behrens, Hannah Ritchie and Bernadeta Dadonaite.
ourworldindata
.org /eradication-of-diseases. Eradication of Diseases : Which ones could we eradicate in our lifetimes and how? - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 2005. Issue 2. Volume 21. Hans-Peter Duerr, Klaus Dietz, Martin Eichner. doi
.org /10 .1016 /j .pt .2004 .11 .011. Determinants of the eradicability of filarial infections: a conceptual approach. - ↑ 2016. www
.sciencedirect .com /science /article /pii /S1571064516300756 - ↑ 10.0 10.1 2010. Volume 7. royalsocietypublishing
.org /doi /10 .1098 /rsif .2010 .0142. - ↑ 11.0 11.1
- This is for most people.
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2021. doi.org /10 .1136 /bmjgh-2021-006810. Commentary: Global eradication of COVID-19 probably feasible, and more so than for polio, say public health experts. - This is for experts.
- Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist.. 2021. Commentary. Nick Wilson, Osman D Mansoor, Matthew J Boyd orcid
.org /0000-0002-1387-5047, Amanda Kvalsvig, Michael G Baker. doi .org /10 .1136 /bmjgh-2021-006810. We should not dismiss the possibility of eradicating COVID-19: comparisons with smallpox and polio.
- ↑ 2019. apsjournals
.apsnet .org /doi /10 .1094 /phyto-08-18-0319-fi. - ↑ 2023. www
.cartercenter .org /health /itfde /history .html. History of the International Task Force For Disease Eradication. - ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 2023. www
.cartercenter .org /news /publications /health /itfde _reports .html. International Task Force for Disease Eradication – Program Reports. - ↑ 2013. Page 20120149. Scott Barrett. api
.semanticscholar .org /CorpusID:5801373. dx .doi .org /10 .1098 /rstb .2012 .0149. Economic considerations for the eradication endgame.
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