Escamots
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The Escamots were a paramilitary organization created by the Estat Català party shortly after it was founded as a political organization in 1922. According to the historian Enric Ucelay-Da Cal, the term escamot was created by Manuel Pagès, Daniel Cardona's second, who preferred to use this word instead of esquadra to differentiate itself from the Italian fascist squadristi.[1]
History
The escamots had different phases of organization. Initially they were created as subdivisions of the so-called Catalan Army created by Estat Català in the face of the Prats de Molló Plot (1926) during the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera.
Later, once the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed (1931) and with Estat Català integrated autonomously within the ERC, the paramilitary organization was framed in the so-called Guardia Cívica, directed by Daniel Cardona and which would have a very short duration.
Once the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia was established in 1932, the group was reorganized under the direction of Miquel Badia, who would be entrusted with this task by Francesc Macià after trying to get Jaume Compte to carry out the work. The escamots lived their heyday between 1932 and 1933, a time when they were uniformed and staged various massive acts and violent incidents. The uniform of this time included a green military shirt, dark trousers and leather straps. The escamots had a clearly militarized hierarchical structure.
Soon the organization would be officially dissolved due to the controversy caused by starring in some violent episodes. However, in practice they did not disappear and continued to maintain their structure within the Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana-Estat Català (JEREC), which were chaired by the person who would be the future Secretary General of the Estat Català when Macià died, the then Minister of the Interior Josep Dencàs. Miquel Badia was in practice its main leader until his death (April 28, 1936). The escamots would participate as such again partially uniformed with an improvised uniformity and different from the previous one, but keeping the 'green shirts' and being called as such, during the proclamation of the Catalan State in October 1934.
The structure of the escamots would be maintained de facto throughout the war and during exile and clandestinity within the youth of Estat Català. It must be taken into account that Estat Català left ERC in May 1936 and reorganized itself independently, receiving the adherence of practically all of what had been the JEREC until then and that, when EC left ERC, they would leave ERC en bloc to join it to EC.
Many years later, and already in democracy, Estat Català would edit a magazine called Escamot that would serve as a spokesperson for the Estat Català Youth.
See also
References
- ↑ Ucelay-Da Cal, 2018, p. 101.
- Ucelay-Da Cal, Enric (2018). Breve historia del separatismo catalán. Barcelona: B. Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial. ISBN 978-84-666-6511-7 Search this book on
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