Fetegar

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Sultanate of Fetegar Was a medieval Muslim Oromo sultanate from the early 9th century, located in the East Hararghe Zone highlands. It was based in Chirro and its capital was later moved to Ankober.

History It was a medieval kingdom in Ethiopia. Its founder was Sultan Ali Abdihakeem, which means "servant of the wise". He was born in the year 1221. His father, a governor of a city called Chiro, Ethiopia, was a respected person due to being a governor of the sultanate of Showa. His father Hassan bin Ismail died when Ali was only 15. Ali was appointed governor of Chirro in 1240 at the age of 19 by Sultan Malzarrah. He governed but really wanted to rule his lands independently. He and the governor Wabi bend Yahaya later became a sultan of the Sultanate of Bale, and Isa of sharkha led a massive rebellion with the support of Ifat. Fetegar gained its independence under the reign of Ali. Ali had 2 allies: Ifat and Dawaro. Ali later died around the year 1300 at 80 years old. He was succeeded by his son Bilaal bin Ali. Bilaal was Ali’s 4th child and he struggled to take full power. There were wars called the Obalayan wars, in oromo translating to "the war of the brothers". In these wars, Ali’s 2 eldest sons, Hussien bin Ali and Marwan bin Ali, allied with each other. Bilaal however was the kingdom's favourite and he became the 2nd sultan. Just after 8 months of reign he was exiled to Harar and there are no other sources of him. He was succeeded by his nephew Abdiraheem bin Marwan. Under his reign Fetegar was at its height. Abdiraheem invaded east of Wej taking cities like Debre Berhan and Robi. By 1421 almost all of wej was under Fetegar but later the Sultanate of bale invaded Wej. His successor was Sultan Ibrahim bin Abdiraheem. He has no documented details about him. He was succeeded by Sultan Jamaladin I of Ankobber. He invaded Ankobber of Ifat making it his capital. Ankober was a major city because it opened trade routes to Chirro and Mieso. He then was later defeated by a sultan of Ifat called Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din, and later peace was made. His successor Hassan was the downfall of Fetegar. He lost several battles to Zera yaqub. This caused the collapse of the sultanate of Fetegar. According to Taddesse tamrat its borders were Ifat to the south west, Dawaro to the west and Bale to the south east and Arbabni to the south and the Ethiopian empire to the north.

References

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