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Football hooliganism

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Football hooliganism

Football hooliganism, also known as football rioting, constitutes violence and other destructive behaviors perpetrated by spectators at association football events. Football hooliganism typically involves conflict between pseudo-tribes, formed to intimidate and attack supporters of other teams. Certain clubs have long-standing rivalries with other clubs and hooliganism associated with matches between them (sometimes called local derbies) can be more severe. Conflict may arise at any point, before, during or after matches and occasionally outside of game situations. Participants often select locations away from stadiums to avoid arrest by the police, but conflict can also erupt spontaneously inside the stadium or in the surrounding streets. In extreme cases, hooligans, police and bystanders have been killed, and riot police have intervened. Hooligan-led violence has been called "aggro" (short for "aggression") and "bovver" (the Cockney pronunciation of "bother", i.e. trouble).

ํ’‹๋ณผ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜(football hooliganism)์€ โ€˜ํ’‹๋ณผ ํญ๋™โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๊ด€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ƒ๋Œ€ ํŒ€ ํŒฌ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ค€(ๆบ–)๋ถ€์กฑ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ํด๋Ÿฝ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ผ์ด๋ฒŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŒ€๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ(์ผ๋ช… ๋กœ์ปฌ ๋”๋น„)์—์„œ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ „ยท์ค‘ยทํ›„ ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…์ข… ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์™ธ๊ณฝ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ธ์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง„์••๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๋„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์€ โ€œaggro(aggression์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด)โ€๋‚˜ โ€œbovver(์˜๊ตญ ์ฝ”ํฌ๋‹ˆ์‹ ๋ฐœ์Œ์œผ๋กœ bother, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌธ์ œยท๋ง์ฝ)โ€๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

Hooligans who have the time and money may follow national teams to away matches and engage in hooligan behaviour against the hooligans of the home team. They may also become involved in disorder involving the general public. While national-level firms do not exist in the form of club-level firms, hooligans supporting the national team may use a collective name indicating their allegiance.

์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€์˜ ์›์ • ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ํ™ˆํŒ€ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์—ฐ๋ฃจ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋™์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ โ€˜ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์กฐ์งโ€™์€ ํด๋Ÿฝ ํŒ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ์†์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์นญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Behavior

Hooliganism can create a high level of violence at football matches. Outside of the physical violence, the behavior of these fans is extremely disorderly and leads to conflict breaking out. In some cases, hooliganism involves extreme ideological pathways such as Neo-Nazism or white supremacism. These extreme beliefs which they take on can further invigorate the violence. Hooligans intentions are usually not focused on the match itself, despite club rivalries or pride often justifying the violence. They engage in behavior that risks them being arrested before the match, denied admittance to the stadium, ejected from the stadium during the match or banned from attending future matches. Hooligan groups often associate themselves with, and congregate in, a specific section (called an end in England) of their team's stadium, and sometimes they include the section's name in the name of their group.

ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํญ๋ ฅ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•˜์—ฌ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ๋„ค์˜ค๋‚˜์น˜์ฆ˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ์‹ ๋…์€ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธด๋‹ค. ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์‘์›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํญ๋ ฅ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฒดํฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ‡ด์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ถœ์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์กฐ์น˜๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๋ชจ์ž„์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๊ตฌ์—ญ(์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜endโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ„)๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ช…์นญ์— ๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค.

Differences from ultras and alcohol-driven conflicts

In other parts of Europe and the world these groups are known as Ultras, in Hispanic America as Barra Bravas and Brazil as Torcidas Organizadas. However, it is important to not mix up hooligans with these as they do not necessarily depict violence in the same manner as hooliganism. These are supporters' groups with the primary objective of fanatically supporting the club through chants, flags, displays and organizing trips to away games. Due to their fanaticism, many of those groups frequently become embroiled with hooliganism, but do not have the explicit objective of causing violence.

์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ(Ultras), ํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋ฐ”์Šค(Barra Bravas), ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ† ๋ฅด์‹œ๋‹ค์Šค ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ€๋‚˜์ด์ž๋‹ค์Šค(Torcidas Organizadas)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์šธํŠธ๋ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํŒ€์„ ์—ด์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‘์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‘์›๊ฐ€ยท๊นƒ๋ฐœยท์—ฐ์ถœยท์›์ • ์‘์› ์กฐ์ง ๋“ฑ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์—ด์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Violence

The type of violence committed by hooligans can come in a number of forms: starting fires, unarmed and armed fighting, hateful speech, and occasionally even violent acts committed against the players such as throwing bottles or bananas to physically harm or racially attack players.

In 2014 in a match between Barcelona and Villareal, a fan racially abused Dani Alves, the Barcelona right back, throwing a banana at him, insinuating he was a monkey, a known racial stereotype against black people.

Violence can also come as a result of a player's poor performance. Fans and in particular hooligans hold their mistakes to them, ridiculing them in any way possible. Andres Escobar was a Colombian defender whose own goal error led to the elimination of Colombia in the 1994 World Cup, resulting in him being subsequently murdered.

ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ถˆ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ธฐ, ๋ฌด์žฅยท๋น„๋ฌด์žฅ ์‹ธ์›€, ํ˜์˜ค ๋ฐœ์–ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋˜์ ธ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ยท์ธ์ข…์  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ์‹œ: 2014๋…„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜ vs ๋น„์•ผ๋ ˆ์•Œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•œ ํŒฌ์ด ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜ DF ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์•Œ๋ฒ ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๋ฉฐ โ€˜์›์ˆญ์ดโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋น„ํ•˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ‘์ธ์„ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๊ณ ์ „์  ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„ ์ˆ˜๋น„์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค ์—์Šค์ฝ”๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋Š” 1994๋…„ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ์ž์ฑ…๊ณจ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŒ€์ด ํƒˆ๋ฝํ•˜์ž ์ดํ›„ ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Match-day

A study from the university of Munich analyzed violent crime in Germany from 2011 to 2015 and how much of that can be attributed to football. It found that on the day of the game, violent crime increased by 17% and during major rivalry games, violent crimes increased by 63%.

๋…์ผ ๋ฎŒํ—จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(2011~2015)๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ผ์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์ผ ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋Š” 17% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ฃผ์š” ๋ผ์ด๋ฒŒ์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ 63% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

History

The first recorded instances of football hooliganism in the modern game allegedly occurred during the 1880s in England, a period when gangs of supporters would intimidate neighbourhoods, in addition to attacking referees, opposing supporters and players. In 1885, after Preston North End beat Aston Villa 5โ€“0 in a friendly match, both teams were pelted with stones, attacked with sticks, punched, kicked and spat at. One Preston player was beaten so severely that he lost consciousness and press reports at the time described the fans as "howling roughs".[14] The following year, Preston fans fought Queen's Park fans in a railway stationโ€”the first alleged instance of football hooliganism outside of a match. In 1905, a number of Preston fans were tried for hooliganism, including a "drunk and disorderly" 70-year-old woman, following their match against Blackburn Rovers.

Although instances of football crowd violence and disorder have been a feature of association football throughout its history[15](e.g. Millwall's ground was reportedly closed in 1920, 1934 and 1950 after crowd disturbances), the phenomenon only started to gain the media's attention in the late 1950s due to the re-emergence of violence in Latin American football. In the 1955โ€“56 English football season, Liverpool and Everton fans were involved in a number of incidents and, by the 1960s, an average of 25 hooligan incidents were being reported each year in England. The label "football hooliganism" first began to appear in the English media in the mid-1960s,[16] leading to increased media interest in, and reporting of, acts of disorder. It has been argued that this, in turn, created a "moral panic" out of proportion with the scale of the actual problem.

ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ 1880๋…„๋Œ€ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ํŒฌ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‹ฌํŒยท์ƒ๋Œ€ ํŒฌยท์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1885๋…„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ด์ด ์•„์Šคํ†ค ๋นŒ๋ผ๋ฅผ 5โ€“0์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ธด ์นœ์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ›„, ์–‘ ํŒ€ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋Œ ์„ธ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐยท์ฃผ๋จนยท๋ฐœ๊ธธ์งˆยท์นจ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ด ์„ ์ˆ˜ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ์˜์‹์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹œ ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ํŒฌ๋“ค์„ โ€œํฌํšจํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚œํญํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1886๋…„์—๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ด ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์—ญ์—์„œ ํ€ธ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ํŒฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1905๋…„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ด ํŒฌ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฒˆ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ›„ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ์ค‘์—๋Š” โ€˜๋งŒ์ทจ ๋‚œ๋™โ€™์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋œ 70์„ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Causes

One of the main aspects to examine when trying to understand the root of hooligan violence is about the characteristics of sports teams. Chanting, flags, and ties to the team's area provide a base for "local patriotism",[18] and thus, give way to the unnamed groups and organizations that hooligans identify with. This can expand to a national level, as seen in the case of the UEFA Euro 2016 riots caused by several countries' visiting fans as well as the French host fans. The violence at these tournaments can be amplified due to an increased degree of "patriotism".[18]

ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฃผ์š” ์ธก๋ฉด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํŒ€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌํ˜ธ(chanting), ๊นƒ๋ฐœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒ€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์€ โ€˜์ง€์—ญ ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ(local patriotism)โ€™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ[18], ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ์—†๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” UEFA ์œ ๋กœ 2016์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์›์ • ํŒฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํ™ˆ ํŒฌ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํญ๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์€ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ โ€˜์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌโ€™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ฆํญ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Football hooliganism has factors in common with juvenile delinquency and what has been called "ritualized male violence".[19] Sports Studies scholars Paul Gow and Joel Rookwood at Liverpool Hope University found in a 2008 study that "Involvement in football violence can be explained in relation to a number of factors, relating to interaction, identity, legitimacy and power. Football violence is also thought to reflect expressions of strong emotional ties to a football team, which may help to reinforce a supporter's sense of identity."[20] In relation to the Heysel Stadium disaster one study from 1986 claimed that alcohol, irregular tickets sales, the disinterest of the organisers and the "'cowardly ineptitude'" of the police had led to the tragedy. Gow and Rookwood's 2008 study, which used interviews with British football hooligans found that while some identified structural social and physiological causes (e.g. aggression produces violent reactions) most interviewees claimed that media reports (especially in newspapers) and the police's handling of hooligan related events were the main causes of hooliganism.[20]

ํ’‹๋ณผ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋น„ํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” โ€˜์˜๋ก€ํ™”๋œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํญ๋ ฅ(ritualized male violence)โ€™๊ณผ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.[19] ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€ ํ˜ธํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž Paul Gow์™€ Joel Rookwood๋Š” 2008๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. โ€œํ’‹๋ณผ ํญ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ, ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ’‹๋ณผ ํญ๋ ฅ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํŒ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์œ ๋Œ€์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŒฌ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€[20] 1986๋…„ ํ—ค์ด์ ค ์Šคํƒ€๋””์›€ ์ฐธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ, ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ํ‹ฐ์ผ“ ํŒ๋งค, ์ฃผ์ตœ ์ธก์˜ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ โ€˜๋น„๊ฒํ•œ ๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•จโ€™์ด ๋น„๊ทน์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Gow์™€ Rookwood์˜ 2008๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(์˜๊ตญ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ยท์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์›์ธ์„ ์ง€๋ชฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ(์˜ˆ: ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์ด ํญ๋ ฅ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐ), ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์ด๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก  ๋ณด๋„(ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ ๋ฌธ)์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Political reasons may also play in part in hooliganism, especially if there is a political undertone to such a match (e.g. unfriendly nations facing each other). Other deep division undertones in a match such as religion, ethnic, and class play a part as well in hooliganism.

์ •์น˜์  ์ด์œ ๋„ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ(E.g., ์ ๋Œ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ)๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์†์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ต, ๋ฏผ์กฑ, ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถ„์—ด ๋˜ํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

As an attempt to explain the hooliganism phenomena in Brazil, Nepomuceno and other scholars at Federal University of Pernambuco have assessed 1363 hooligan incidents before and after an alcohol sanction enforced during 8 years. While alcohol presented low evidence of contribution to the incidents of violence, the knockout phases, finals, competitiveness (derby matches), small score boundaries and the pride levels were some of the potentials for the violence among sports spectators. Months after the work being conducted, the State Legislature of Pernambuco decided to abolish the sanction to allow alcohol intake in stadiums. Writing for the BBC in 2013, David Bond stated that in the UK,

high-profile outbreaks of violence involving fans are much rarer today than they were 20 or 30 years ago. The scale of trouble now compared to then doesn't bear comparison โ€“ either in terms of the number of people involved or the level of organisation. Football has moved on thanks to banning orders and better, more sophisticated policing. And while it is too simplistic to say that the higher cost of watching football has pushed unsavoury elements out, there has been a shift in the way people are expected to behave inside grounds. Offensive chants are still way too commonplace but actual fighting doesn't happen very often.

๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋กœ, ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‚จ๋ถ€์ฟ  ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ Nepomuceno ๋“ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€ 8๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ „ํ›„์˜ 1,363๊ฑด ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์€ ํญ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€์‹  ํ† ๋„ˆ๋จผํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์Šน ๋ฐ ํ† ๋„ˆ๋จผํŠธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋”๋น„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ, ๊ทผ์†Œํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ, ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ(pride) ๊ฐ™์€ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์ค‘ ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ดํ›„ ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‚จ๋ถ€์ฟ  ์ฃผ ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. BBC์˜ David Bond๋Š” 2013๋…„ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ํญ๋ ฅ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ 20~30๋…„ ์ „๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ถœ์ž…๊ธˆ์ง€(banning orders)์™€ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์น˜์•ˆ ๋•๋ถ„์— ํ’‹๋ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ‹ฐ์ผ“ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์  ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹ธ์›€์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

Effects

Anti-hooligan measures The violence perpetrated by hooligans is somewhat of a dying phenomenon although experiencing some surges around 2015. The mid-1990s was when hooliganism was at its highest rate, however, police and clubs themselves have taken strides to prevent the level of hooliganism, and today, violence at games has decreased significantly not only in the amount that's taking place, but in the level of the conflict as well.

ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‚˜ 2015๋…„์„ ์ „ํ›„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํญ๋ ฅ์€ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์ •์ ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ํด๋Ÿฝ๋“ค์€ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด ์™”๊ณ , ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์€ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

One example of anti-hooligan measures are some of the new rules that stadiums have put in place regarding alcohol. Some stadiums do not allow fans to bring their alcoholic drinks up to their seats; they are only permitted to the lower levels near the concessions. In addition, bottles are typically plastic, as to avoid the threat of fans hurling them at other fans or even players. In some cases, specifically in major tournaments, more extreme measures have to be put in place to help reduce the chances of violence. For example, at the 2016 Euros, officials recommended a complete ban on alcohol. In the event that violence results in riots that go out of control, police utilize tools like tear gas and water cannons in an attempt on crowd control. This can sometimes lead to increased violence from the hooligans.

๋ฐ˜ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์กฐ์น˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ ์„ ์ขŒ์„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งค์  ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ํ•˜์ธต ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์€ ๋˜์ ธ์„œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ์ œ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์น˜๋„ ์ทจํ•ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 2016 ์œ ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์ „๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์˜ ํญ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ตœ๋ฃจํƒ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋Œ€ํฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ตฐ์ค‘ ํ†ต์ œ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Spain

Football hooliganism in Spain arises from three main sources. The first is racism, as some black players have been victims of ethnic slurs. Samuel Eto'o, a former FC Barcelona player from Cameroon, has denounced the problem. Many black foreign players have been racially abused, such as at a 2004 friendly match between Spain and England, in which black England players such as Shaun Wright-Phillips and Ashley Cole endured monkey chants from Spain supporters.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ‘์ธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ข…์  ๋ชจ์š•์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด FC ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ฃฌ ์ถœ์‹  ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—˜ ์—ํ† ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2004๋…„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ๊ณผ ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์นœ์„ ์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ ์„ ์ˆ˜ Shaun Wright-Phillips์™€ Ashley Cole์ด ์›์ˆญ์ด ์šธ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๋ชจ์š•์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋‹ค.

The second source is the strong rivalry between Real Madrid and Barcelona. After transferring from Barcelona to Real Madrid, Luรญs Figo's appearance in Barcelona's Nou Camp stadium triggered a strong reaction: the crowd threw bottles, mobile phones and other objects (including a pig's head). Although nobody was injured the match was followed by a large discussion on fan violence in the Spanish Primera Divisiรณn.

๋‘˜์งธ ์›์ฒœ์€ ๋ ˆ์•Œ ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ผ์ด๋ฒŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋ ˆ์•Œ ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์ด์ ํ•œ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ํ”ผ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„์บ„ํ”„์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ด€์ค‘์€ ๋ณ‘, ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”, ๋ผ์ง€๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์˜ ํŒฌ ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฐ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Hooliganism is also rooted in deep political divisions arising from the General Franco fascist regime days (some Real Madrid, Atlรฉtico Madrid, Espanyol, Real Betis and Valencia ultras are linked to franquista groups), others with communist leanings (such as Deportivo La Coruรฑa, Athletic Bilbao, Sevilla, Celta de Vigo, Rayo Vallecano) and the independence movements in Catalonia, Galicia and the Basque region. In Spain, organized hooligan groups are popularly called grupos ultra. Three notorious ones are the Boixos Nois, the Frente Atlรฉtico and the Ultras Sur, supporter groups of FC Barcelona, Atlรฉtico Madrid and Real Madrid respectively.[138] There also have been local or regional disputes between rival teams, for example between Cรกdiz and Xerez, Betis and Sevilla, Osasuna and Real Zaragoza, or Deportivo de La Coruรฑa and Celta.

ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์ฝ” ๋…์žฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ถ„์—ด์—๋„ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ํด๋Ÿฝ(๋ ˆ์•Œ ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ, ์•„ํ‹€๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์ฝ”, ์—์ŠคํŒŒ๋‡ฐ ๋“ฑ)์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์ฝ”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํด๋Ÿฝ(๋ฐํฌ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ๋ณด, ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค, ์„ธ๋น„์•ผ, ๋ผ์š” ๋“ฑ)์€ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์นดํƒˆ๋ฃจ๋ƒยท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์•„ยท๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ *๊ทธ๋ฃจํฌ์Šค ์šธํŠธ๋ผ(grupos ultra)*๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ Boixos Nois(๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜), Frente Atlรฉtico(์•„ํ‹€๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์ฝ”), Ultras Sur(๋ ˆ์•Œ) ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ผ์ด๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ„ ์ถฉ๋Œ(์นด๋””์Šค vs ํ—ค๋ ˆ์Šค, ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ์Šค vs ์„ธ๋น„์•ผ ๋“ฑ)๋„ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๋‹ค.

In 1991, Frederiq Roiquier, a French supporter of Espanyol was killed by FC Barcelona hooligans who mistook him for a rival hooligan. In 1992, a 13-year-old child died at Espanyol's stadium after being struck by a flare. In 1998, Aitor Zabaleta, a supporter of Real Sociedad, was killed by an Atlรฉtico Madrid hooligan who was linked to a neo-Nazi group (Bastiรณn), just before a match between these two teams. In 2003, a supporter of Deportivo La Coruรฑa was killed in riots by hooligans following his club, when he tried to protect a supporter of the opposing team, SD Compostela. Since then, authorities have made attempts to bring hooliganism under control. In 2007, there were acts of hooliganism before a match between Atlรฉtico Madrid and Real Madrid, with several cars being destroyed and policemen injured by flares and bottles which were thrown at them.

1991๋…„ FC ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์ด ์—์ŠคํŒŒ๋‡ฐ ํŒฌ์„ ๋ผ์ด๋ฒŒ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์ธํ•ด ์‚ดํ•ดํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1992๋…„ ์—์ŠคํŒŒ๋‡ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์—์„œ 13์„ธ ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์กฐ๋ช…ํƒ„(flare)์— ๋งž์•„ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.1998๋…„ ๋ ˆ์•Œ ์†Œ์‹œ์—๋‹ค๋“œ ํŒฌ Aitor Zabaleta๊ฐ€ ๋„ค์˜ค๋‚˜์น˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์•„ํ‹€๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์ฝ” ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ดํ›„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํญ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ†ต์ œ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค.

Hooligan violence in Spain has decreased since the late 1990s due to an alcohol ban in sporting events as well as hooligan laws which attempt fines up to 600,000 euros and stadium bans.

์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํญ๋ ฅ์€ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ๊ธˆ์ง€์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 60๋งŒ ์œ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์ถœ์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋•๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.

Since 2003 the FC Barcelona hooligans, the Boixos Nois, are not allowed to enter Camp Nou. The hardcore Barcelona hooligans subgroups were involved in police operations against organized crime.[144] In 2008, after a hooligan incident versus Espanyol, FC Barcelona very publicly took a stand on violence, saying it hoped to stamp out violence for good.[145] In 2007 Atlรฉtico Madrid hooligans clashed with Aberdeen FC hooligans prior to a UEFA Cup match. In 2009 and 2010, Atlรฉtico hooligans also clashed with FC Porto and Sporting Clube de Portugal groups in Portugal during UEFA Cup games. During crowd disorder control manoeuvres after a match between Athletic Bilbao and FC Schalke 04, home supporter Iรฑigo Cabacas [eu] (who was not involved in hooliganism) was shot in the head with a 'Flash-ball' fired by a member of the Ertzaintza police service and later died.[146][147] Later that year a Rayo Vallecano hooligan was arrested during riots in 14 November general strike and accused of terrorism.

2003๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ FC ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ฃน Boixos Nois๋Š” ์บ„ํ”„๋ˆ„ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ์ดํ›„ ์กฐ์ง๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์ž‘์ „์— ์—ฐ๋ฃจ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2008๋…„ ์—์ŠคํŒŒ๋‡ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ํ›„, ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ ๊ทผ์ ˆ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํ‹€๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์ฝ” ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์€ 2007๋…„ ์• ๋ฒ„๋”˜๊ณผ์˜ UEFA ์ปต ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ, 2009~2010๋…„ ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ ๋ฐ ์Šคํฌ๋ฅดํŒ… ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ณธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ํญ๋ ฅ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์•„ํ‹€๋ ˆํ‹ฑ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค์™€ ์ƒฌ์ผ€ 04 ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ›„ ๊ตฐ์ค‘ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ, ์•„๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ จ ์—†๋˜ ํ™ˆ ํŒฌ ์ด๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์นด๋ฐ”์นด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์œ ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ๋ณผ์— ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด ๋ผ์š” ๋ฐ”์˜ˆ์นด๋…ธ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ดํŒŒ์—… ์‹œ์œ„ ์ค‘ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

In 2014, debate about eradicating Spanish hooligans arose after Frente Atlรฉtico members caused the death of a Riazor Blues (Deportivo La Coruรฑa radicals) member by throwing him into the Manzanares river;[148] and after members of the Boixos Nois stabbed two PSG supporters in Barcelona.

2014๋…„์—๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๊ทผ์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธํ•ด ํ”„๋ Œํ…Œ ์•„ํ‹€๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์ฝ” ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐํฌ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ๋ณด ๋ผ ์ฝ”๋ฃจ๋ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฒฉ ํŒฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน โ€˜๋ฆฌ์•„์†Œ๋ฅด ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์Šคโ€™ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ํญํ–‰ ํ›„ ๋งˆ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์— ๋˜์ ธ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด Boixos Nois ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์ด PSG ํŒฌ ๋‘ ๋ช…์„ ํ‰๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

In 2016, football-related violence came once again to the public debate after a fight between Sevilla and Juventus supporters that occurred the day before their UEFA Champions League group stage match. Two Juventus supporters were stabbed (one of them was seriously injured but survived after being hospitalised) and a Sevilla supporter was hospitalized[149] with head wounds caused by a glass bottle. Similarly, clashes between Spartak Moscow and Athletic Bilbao fans in 2018 received wider attention when one of the police officers involved in controlling the situation collapsed and died.

2016๋…„์—๋Š” ์„ธ๋น„์•ผ์™€ ์œ ๋ฒคํˆฌ์Šค ํŒฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‹ธ์›€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฒคํˆฌ์Šค ํŒฌ ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด ํ‰๊ธฐ์— ์ฐ”๋ ธ๊ณ (ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ์ค‘ํƒœ), ์„ธ๋น„์•ผ ํŒฌ๋„ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘์— ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•„ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ด์†ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2018๋…„ ์ŠคํŒŒ๋ฅดํƒ€ํฌ ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”์™€ ์•„ํ‹€๋ ˆํ‹ฑ ๋นŒ๋ฐ”์˜ค ํŒฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ค‘ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งก์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์ˆจ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

United Kingdom

There are records of football hooliganism in the UK from the 1880s, and from no later than the 1960s the UK had a worldwide reputation for it โ€“ the phenomenon was often dubbed the English Disease.[181][182][183][184] John Moynihan in The Soccer Syndrome describes a stroll around an empty Goodison Park touchline on a summer's day in the 1960s. "Walking behind the infamous goal, where they built a barrier to stop objects crunching into visiting goalkeepers, there was a strange feeling of hostility remaining as if the regulars had never left."[185] The News of the World's Bob Pennington spoke of the "lunatic fringe of support that fastens onto them (Everton), seeking identification in a multi-national port where roots are hard to establish". The same newspaper later described Everton supporters as the "roughest, rowdiest rabble who watches British soccer".

์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 1880๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ 1960๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•…๋ช…์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… โ€˜์˜๊ตญ๋ณ‘โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๋‹ค.

์กด ๋ชจ์ด๋‹ˆํ•ธ์€ ใ€ŽThe Soccer Syndromeใ€์—์„œ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๊ด€์ค‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋””์Šจ ํŒŒํฌ์˜ ํ„ฐ์น˜๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ์›์ • ๊ณจํ‚คํผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์„ธ์›Œ์ง„ ์•…๋ช… ๋†’์€ ๊ณจ๋Œ€ ๋’คํŽธ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ, ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ •๊ทœ ๊ด€์ค‘์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ์„œ์ˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ใ€ŽNews of the Worldใ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ž ๋ฐฅ ํŽ˜๋‹ํ„ด์€ ์—๋ฒ„ํ„ด์„ ์‘์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด โ€œ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ, ํŒ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ด‘์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€ ์ง‘๋‹จโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์€ ์ดํ›„ ์—๋ฒ„ํ„ด ํŒฌ๋“ค์„ โ€œ์˜๊ตญ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Sectarian violence has long been a regular factor of crowd violence, as well as offensive chanting, at matches in Scotland between Celtic and Rangers. During the 2022 League Cup final at Hampden Park during the one-minute applause for the recently passed Hibernian chairman, Rangers fans sang "We are the billy boys". Hooliganism in Scottish football has reduced in intensity since its heights in the 1970s, however, it has seen a slight increase recently, with many teams having a small firm. Hearts were fined due to their fan's behaviour at Europa Conference matches against Istanbul and RFS.[186]

์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์…€ํ‹ฑ๊ณผ ๋ ˆ์ธ์ €์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ข…ํŒŒ์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ตฐ์ค‘ ํญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์š•์  ๊ตฌํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. 2022๋…„ ํ–„๋“  ํŒŒํฌ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ์ปต ๊ฒฐ์Šน์ „์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚œ ํ•˜์ด๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ์–ธ ๊ตฌ๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜ ์ถ”๋ชจ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ ˆ์ธ์ €์Šค ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด โ€˜We are the billy boysโ€™๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” 1970๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์ ˆ์ •์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ํŒ€์ด ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํญ๋ ฅ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ธ ๋Š” ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ๊ณผ RFS๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ ๋กœํŒŒ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํŒฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

As a result of the Heysel Stadium disaster at Brussels, Belgium, in 1985 between Juventus and Liverpool, where rioting Liverpool fans led to the death of 39 Juventus fans, English clubs were banned from all European competitions until 1990, with Liverpool banned for an additional year.[187] Many of the football hooligan gangs in the UK used hooliganism as a cover for acquisitive forms of crime, specifically theft and burglary.[188][189][190] In the 1980s and well into the 1990s the UK government led a major crackdown on football-related violence.

1985๋…„ ๋ธŒ๋คผ์…€์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํ—ค์ด์ ค ์Šคํƒ€๋””์›€ ์ฐธ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€ ํŒฌ๋“ค์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์œ ๋ฒคํˆฌ์Šค ํŒฌ 39๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ž, ์˜๊ตญ ํด๋Ÿฝ๋“ค์€ 1990๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋Œ€ํšŒ ์ถœ์ „์ด ์ „๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ 1๋…„ ๋” ์ถœ์ „์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋‚œ๋™์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์ ˆ๋„์™€ ๋นˆ์ง‘ํ„ธ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ต ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์†์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Birmingham City's multi-racial hooligan element gained the nickname "Zulus" because of the chant the Firm gave during build ups to fights with other firms. As explained in "One Eyed Baz's" Barrington Pattersons biography (ISBN 978-1-84358-811-5),[page needed] confirming the firm's nickname was not derived from derogatory chanting by other firms.

๋ฒ„๋ฐ์—„ ์‹œํ‹ฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์ธ์ข… ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์กฐ์ง์€ ์‹ธ์›€ ์ง์ „ ๊ณ ํ•จ์„ ์ง€๋ฅด๋˜ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— โ€˜์ค„๋ฃจ์Šค(Zulus)โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋ช…์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋งํ„ด ํŒจํ„ฐ์Šจ์˜ ์ž์„œ์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ณ„๋ช…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋น„ํ•˜ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํŒฌ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์ด ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค.

In March 2002, the Seaburn Casuals (a Sunderland A.F.C. firm) fought with hooligans from the Newcastle Gremlins in a pre-arranged clash near the North Shields Ferry terminal, in what was described as "some of the worst football related fighting ever witnessed in the United Kingdom".[191] The leaders of the Gremlins and Casuals were both jailed for four years for conspiracy, with 28 others jailed for various terms, based on evidence gained after police examined the messages sent by mobile phone between the gang members on the day.

2002๋…„ 3์›”, ์„ ๋œ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ โ€˜์‹œ๋ฒˆ ์บ์ฃผ์–ผ์Šคโ€™๋Š” ๋‰ด์บ์Šฌ์˜ โ€˜๊ทธ๋ ˜๋ฆฐ์Šคโ€™์™€ ๋…ธ์Šค ์‹ค์ฆˆ ํŽ˜๋ฆฌ ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ํ•ฉ์˜๋œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ๋œ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํญ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ชฝ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋Š” ๊ณต๋ชจ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4๋…„ํ˜•์„ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๋‹น์ผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์€ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 28๋ช…์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ํˆฌ์˜ฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

In December 2018, a Napoli fan who attended a Champions League group stage match between Liverpool and Napoli as a gift from his parents, said that he was attacked by a group of seven Liverpool hooligans who surrounded him upon leaving the stadium. He was said to have been admitted to Royal Liverpool University Hospital with a fractured cheekbone and trauma to one eye. But it was apparently only after flagging down a car that he and a friend managed to get help. The victim was quoted as saying "I thought I was going to die." Some reports have stressed that this was an attack on a lone fan and not a fight between rival groups.

2018๋…„ 12์›”, ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€๊ณผ ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์Šค๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๊ตญ์„ ์ฐพ์€ ํ•œ ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ ํŒฌ์ด ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด 7๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋Œ€๋ผˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ ์„ธ์šธ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ™€๋กœ ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•œ ํŒฌ์„ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

On the day of the UEFA Euro 2020 final (which was played in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), the match between England and Italy was marred as riots broke out at the entrance to Wembley Stadium, and in both Leicester Square and Trafalgar Square; 86 people were arrested by police.

2021๋…„์— ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์œ ๋กœ 2020 ๊ฒฐ์Šน์ „(์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2021๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ตœ)์—์„œ๋Š”, ์›ธ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ ์Šคํƒ€๋””์›€ ์ž…๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ์Šคํ€˜์–ด, ํŠธ๋ž˜ํŽ„๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘์žฅ์—์„œ ํญ๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด 80๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

In September 2021, Leicester City played Napoli at home in a UEFA Europa League group stage match. Supporters of both clubs clashed, which resulted in a street fight around a mile away from the stadium, and disorder at the end of the match.

2021๋…„ 9์›”, ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ์‹œํ‹ฐ์™€ ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ๋กœํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์กฐ๋ณ„๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–‘ ํŒ€ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋Œํ•ด, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ 1๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹ธ์›€์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ํ›„์—๋„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.

In September 2022, approximately 100 German hooligans in masks armed with machetes and knuckle dusters stormed a pub near Wembley Stadium before an England v Germany UEFA Nations League match.

2022๋…„ 9์›”์—๋Š” ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์™€ ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋„ค์ด์…˜์Šค๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ , ์•ฝ 100๋ช…์˜ ๋…์ผ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋งˆ์ฒดํ…Œ์™€ ๋„ˆํด๋”์Šคํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ฌด์žฅํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์›ธ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ํ•œ ํŽ์„ ์Šต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Italy

The term ultrร  or ultras is used to describe hooligans in Italy. Italy's ultras started in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as wannabe paramilitary groups, and gave themselves names such as Commandos, Guerrillas and Fedayeen.[97] One group of Juventus' ultras are called Droogs (named after the violent types in A Clockwork Orange).[97] Every Italian club has its ultra gang and big clubs have dozens.

์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์„ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง~1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค€(ๆบ–)์ค€๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์กฐ์ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ โ€˜์ฝ”๋งŒ๋„(Commando)โ€™, โ€˜๊ฒŒ๋ฆด๋ผ(Guerrillas)โ€™, โ€˜ํŽ˜๋‹ค์ด์ธ(Fedayeen)โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฒคํˆฌ์Šค์˜ ํ•œ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ <์‹œ๊ณ„ํƒœ์—ฝ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€> ์† ํญ๋ ฅ์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ Droogs๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํด๋Ÿฝ์€ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํฐ ํด๋Ÿฝ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

Rome is dubbed "stab city" by the British press due to the number of stabbings from ultras there.[98] John Foot, a professor of modern Italian history at University College London and an author on Italian football states: "They target the buttocks because the victim is not likely to die. They want to show they can hurt their rivals and get away with it."[98] In 1984, ultras of A.S. Roma stabbed Liverpool fans in the aftermath of Liverpool winning the 1984 European Cup Final in Rome.[98] In February 2001, Roma fans again stabbed Liverpool fans, and further knife attacks from Roma ultras include against fans of Middlesbrough (in 2006) and twice against Manchester United (2007 and 2009).

์˜๊ตญ ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ์žฆ์€ ํ‰๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋กœ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์นผ๋ถ€๋ฆผ์˜ ๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(UCL)์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์‚ฌ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ด์ž ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ €์ž์ธ ์กด ํ‘ธํŠธ(John Foot)๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์น˜๋ช…์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

1984๋…„ ๋กœ๋งˆ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฌํ”ผ์–ธ์ปต ๊ฒฐ์Šน์ „์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€์ด ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ ์งํ›„, ๋กœ๋งˆ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€ ํŒฌ๋“ค์„ ํ‰๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฐŒ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2001๋…„์—๋„ ๋กœ๋งˆ ํŒฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํ’€ ํŒฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๋ฏธ๋“ค์ฆˆ๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ(2006), ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ ์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ(2007, 2009) ํŒฌ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ‰๊ธฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.

After a weekend of violence in January 2007, the president of the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) threatened to halt all league football. An official of amateur club Sammartinese died when he was caught up in a fight between players and fans in Luzzi, among numerous incidents of disorder in Florence, Bergamo and elsewhere.[100] In February 2007, the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) suspended all football matches after Police Officer Filippo Raciti was killed due to liver damage from blunt object trauma when football violence broke out at a Serie A match between Catania and Palermo.

2007๋…„ 1์›”, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€์ž ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ถ•๊ตฌํ˜‘ํšŒ(FIGC) ํšŒ์žฅ์€ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด ํด๋Ÿฝ ์‚ผ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ๋„ค์„ธ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํŒฌยท์„ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ ค ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๋ Œ์ฒดยท๋ฒ ๋ฅด๊ฐ€๋ชจ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚œ๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด 2007๋…„ 2์›”, ์นดํƒ€๋‹ˆ์•„์™€ ํŒ”๋ ˆ๋ฅด๋ชจ์˜ ์„ธ๋ฆฌ์— A ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํญ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€ ํ•„๋ฆฌํฌ ๋ผ์น˜ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‘”๊ธฐ ์™ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜์ž FIGC๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฉด ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

Before the 2014 Coppa Italia Final in Rome between Napoli and Fiorentina, three Napoli fans were shot outside the stadium before the match, two with arm injuries.[102] Ciro Esposito, who was in a critical state after being shot in the chest, died in hospital on 25 June.[103] Police, who found the gun, have stated that they do not believe that the shootings were related to other clashes by the two sets of fans: prior to the game, there were reports of firecrackers and other projectiles being thrown between them in the Tor di Quinto area of Rome. Kick-off was subsequently delayed as Napoli fans did not want the match to start without knowing the condition of the shot fans. When match organisers attempted to speak to the Napoli fans, accompanied by their midfielder Marek Hamลกรญk, they were "pelted with flares and smoke bombs".[104] Daniele De Santis, a Roma ultra was convicted of shooting Esposito and was sentenced to 26 years in prison on 24 May 2016; his sentenced was later reduced on appeals to 16 years on 26 September 2018.

2014๋…„ ๋กœ๋งˆ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ฝ”ํŒŒ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฒฐ์Šน(๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ vs ํ”ผ์˜ค๋ Œํ‹ฐ๋‚˜)์„ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ ํŒฌ ์„ธ ๋ช…์ด ์ด๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ช…์€ ํŒ”์„ ๋งž์•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ์ด์„ ๋งž์•„ ์œ„๋…ํ–ˆ๋˜ Ciro Esposito๋Š” 6์›” 25์ผ ๋๋‚ด ์ˆจ์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋‘ ํŒ€ ๊ฐ„ ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์  ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ํ† ๋ฅด ๋”” ํ€ธํ† (Tor di Quinto) ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–‘ ํŒฌ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํญ์ฃฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒฉ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ ํŒฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ๋กœ ํ‚ฅ์˜คํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ๋“œํ•„๋” ๋งˆ๋ ‰ ํ•จ์‹์ด ํŒฌ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜์„ฐ์œผ๋‚˜ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์กฐ๋ช…ํƒ„ยท์—ฐ๋ง‰ํƒ„์ด ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋กœ๋งˆ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ Daniele De Santis๋Š” ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ 2016๋…„ 5์›” 24์ผ ์ง•์—ญ 26๋…„์„ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ํ•ญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•๋Ÿ‰์€ 2018๋…„ 9์›” 26์ผ 16๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐํ˜•๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

United States

While soccer is traditionally viewed in the United States as a family-friendly event, played by children and supported by parents, some violence does still occur.[223] On 20 July 2008, in a friendly match between Major League Soccer side Columbus Crew and English Premier League club West Ham United, in Columbus, Ohio, a fight broke out between rival fans. Police estimated more than 100 people were involved.[224] An unruly encounter occurred between Toronto FC fans in 2009, upset from a loss in the Trillium Cup, and Columbus Crew fans. One Toronto fan was tasered by Columbus police.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋›ฐ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์‘์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2008๋…„ 7์›” 20์ผ, ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค์ฃผ ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฉ”์ด์ €๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ปค์˜ ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค ํฌ๋ฃจ์™€ ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์›จ์ŠคํŠธํ–„ ์œ ๋‚˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ์˜ ์นœ์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–‘์ธก ํŒฌ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ 100๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์‚ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„์—๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์›€ ์ปต์—์„œ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ํ†  FC ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค ํฌ๋ฃจ ํŒฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•ด, ํ† ๋ก ํ†  ํŒฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ…Œ์ด์ €๊ฑด์„ ๋งž๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

That same weekend, a riot was narrowly avoided at a packed Giants Stadium as members of the New York Red Bulls supporters club, Empire Supporters Club (ESC), and members of the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority security force clashed over what the ESC claimed was unfair and repeated mistreatment. Clashes also took place in the parking area around the stadium after the game, involving already ejected-for-life North Jersey Firm (NJF) members, and the New Jersey State Police were called to quell the situation.[225] There were several arrests, mostly of known NJF hooligans. A rare moment of violence broke out in Seattle in March 2010 after a pre-season Portland Timbers win in Seattle, when three Sounders fans attacked a Timbers fan, choking and dragging him with his team scarf.[226] On 21 April 2013 in Portland, a Portland Timbers supporter was assaulted by a group of San Jose Earthquakes supporters. While he was sitting in his car, he had taunted his scarf at a group of San Jose Supporters, one of which ran toward him and attacked him through his car window, breaking his car windshield and assaulting him.[227] San Jose's 1906 Ultras were subsequently banned by the club from traveling to away matches.[228] After much debate, the ban was lifted. On 10 August 2015, fans of New York Red Bulls and New York City FC clashed in a brawl outside a pub throwing trash and exchanging blows. On 23 May 2016, fans of both NYCFC rioted outside Yankee Stadium in response to NYC FC's 7โ€“0 defeat to the New York Red Bulls.

2009๋…„์—๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์›€ ์ปต์—์„œ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ํ†  FC ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค ํฌ๋ฃจ ํŒฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•ด, ํ† ๋ก ํ†  ํŒฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ…Œ์ด์ €๊ฑด์„ ๋งž๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ๋ง, ๋‰ด์š• ๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ถˆ์Šค ์„œํฌํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ โ€˜์— ํŒŒ์ด์–ด ์„œํฌํ„ฐ์Šค ํด๋Ÿฝโ€™๊ณผ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ยท์ „์‹œ๊ตญ ๋ณด์•ˆ์š”์› ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ์ž์ด์–ธ์ธ  ์Šคํƒ€๋””์›€์—์„œ ํญ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์Šค๋กœ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ESC๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ๋’ค ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ‰์ƒ ์ถœ์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ธ์Šค ์ €์ง€ ํŽŒ(NJF) ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์ด์–ด์ ธ, ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์ฃผ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ช…์ด ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ NJF์˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2010๋…„ 3์›”, ์‹œ์• ํ‹€์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ฆŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ํŒ€๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜์ž, ์‹œ์• ํ‹€ ์‚ฌ์šด๋”์Šค ํŒฌ ์„ธ ๋ช…์ด ํŒ€๋ฒ„์Šค ํŒฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•ด ๋ชฉ์„ ์กฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํŒ€ ์Šค์นดํ”„๋กœ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„ 4์›” 21์ผ ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ฐจ ์•ˆ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋˜ ํŒ€๋ฒ„์Šค ํŒฌ์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์„ธ ์–ด์Šคํ€˜์ดํฌ์Šค ํŒฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์•ž์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ํญํ–‰์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์„ธ์˜ โ€˜1906 ์šธํŠธ๋ผ์Šคโ€™๋Š” ์›์ • ์‘์›์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ผ์Ÿ ๋์— ๊ธˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2015๋…„ 8์›” 10์ผ์—๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ถˆ์Šค์™€ ๋‰ด์š• ์‹œํ‹ฐ FC ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ํŽ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋จน์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถฉ๋Œํ–ˆ๊ณ , 2016๋…„ 5์›” 23์ผ์—๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ์‹œํ‹ฐ FC๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์š• ๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ถˆ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ 0-7๋กœ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•˜์ž ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์–‘์ธก ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ํญ๋™์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

On 29 March 2025, after San Diego FC's third ever home game and first ever home win, LAFC and SDFC supporters engaged in fistfights outside Snapdragon Stadium.[230][231] A video taken by a bystander went viral on social media, showing a well-known "Cuervos" member/leader punching a SDFC fan in the head.[232]

2025๋…„ 3์›” 29์ผ, ์ƒŒ๋””์—์ด๊ณ  FC์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ™ˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ด์ž ์ฒซ ํ™ˆ ์Šน๋ฆฌ ์ดํ›„, LAFC์™€ ์ƒŒ๋””์—์ด๊ณ  ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ์Šค๋ƒ…๋“œ๋ž˜๊ณค ์Šคํƒ€๋””์›€ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋จน๋‹ค์ง์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํ–‰์ธ์ด ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์—๋Š” LAFC ์„œํฌํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน โ€˜์ฟ ์—๋ฅด๋ณด์Šคโ€™์˜ ์œ ๋ช… ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒŒ๋””์—์ด๊ณ  ํŒฌ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ SNS์—์„œ ํฐ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

However, football (soccer) and other sports hooliganism overall is rare in the United States in part because of stricter legal penalties for vandalism and physical violence, club markets having their own territory of fans, venues banning weapons, and stricter security during games. Although isolated drunken fights at games do occur, they rarely escalate to major brawling comparable to Europe and Latin America.

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ, ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์—ฐ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ˆ ์— ์ทจํ•œ ๊ด€์ค‘๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์‹ธ์›€ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋‚œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

China

Football hooliganism in China is often linked to accusations of corrupt refereeing, with Chinese football being plagued by allegations of match fixing in the early 2000s. After a match in 2000 between Shaanxi National Power and Chengdu F.C. in Xi'an, football fans clashed with police who used tear gas and water cannons to disperse the crowd. Eight people were arrested but later released.In March 2002 hundreds of football fans rioted at a match in Xi'an between Shaanxi National Power and Qingdao Etsong Hainiu, as a result of fans' suspicions of match-fixing.

์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ถ€์ •ํ•œ ์‹ฌํŒ ํŒ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Š” ์Šน๋ถ€์กฐ์ž‘ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์ค‘ ํญ๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2000๋…„ ์‹œ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฐ์‹œ ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ํŒŒ์›Œ์™€ ์ฒญ๋‘ FC์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ›„, ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ตœ๋ฃจํƒ„๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋Œ€ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๊ด€์ค‘์„ ํ•ด์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๋ช…์ด ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„๋ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2002๋…„ 3์›”์—๋„ ์‹œ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฐ์‹œ ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ํŒŒ์›Œ์™€ ์นญ๋‹ค์˜ค ์• ์†ก ํ•˜์ด๋‰ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ์Šน๋ถ€์กฐ์ž‘ ์˜ํ˜น์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ํญ๋™์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

Two years earlier, following crowd trouble at a match also in Xi'an, the government demanded more action to stamp out football hooliganism.

์ด๋ณด๋‹ค 2๋…„ ์•ž์„œ, ์‹œ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ค‘ ์†Œ์š” ์‚ฌํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋’ค ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค.

In June 2002, riots in Fuzhou, Fujian had to be put down by heavily armed paramilitary police. The disorder started when fans were unable to watch the World Cup match between China and Brazil at an outside broadcast.[268] On 4 July 2004 fans rioted in Beijing when China lost 3โ€“1 to Japan in the final of the AFC Asian Cup. Japanese flags were burned and a Japanese Embassy official's car vandalised. Japanese fans had to be protected by the police, and bussed to safety.[270][271] The rioting was attributed to ill-feeling toward Japan for atrocities committed before and during the Second World War.

2002๋…„ 6์›”์—๋Š” ํ‘ธ์ €์šฐ(ํ‘ธ์ก˜์„ฑ)์—์„œ ํญ๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด ๋ฌด์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์–ด ์ง„์••ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ์›”๋“œ์ปต ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ผ์™ธ ์ „๊ด‘ํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2004๋…„ 7์›” 4์ผ์—๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ AFC ์•„์‹œ์•ˆ์ปต ๊ฒฐ์Šน์ „์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ผ๋ณธ์—๊ฒŒ 1โ€“3์œผ๋กœ ํŒจํ•˜์ž ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํญ๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ํŒฌ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ , ์ผ๋ณธ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ์ง์› ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์†ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ ๊ด€์ค‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํญ๋™์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์™€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฐ์ •์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋ฐ˜์ผ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Japan

There was no hooliganism in Japan before the J.League was established in 1993, but since its inception, Urawa Red Diamonds, Kashima Antlers, Gamba Osaka, and other players have engaged in hooliganism.

1993๋…„ J๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์„ค๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์ถœ๋ฒ” ์ดํ›„, ์šฐ๋ผ์™€ ๋ ˆ์ฆˆ, ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋งˆ ์•คํ‹€๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ๊ฐ๋ฐ” ์˜ค์‚ฌ์นด ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„œํฌํ„ฐ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

In particular, the actions of the Urawa hooligans were called into question by posting a discriminatory banner reading "Japanese only" and prohibiting foreigners from entering the home side stand during a home game on March 8, 2014, leading to the first J.League game without spectators.

ํŠนํžˆ 2014๋…„ 3์›” 8์ผ ์šฐ๋ผ์™€ ๋ ˆ์ฆˆ์˜ ํ™ˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ํ™ˆ ์„œํฌํ„ฐ ์Šคํƒ ๋“œ์— ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ถœ์ž…์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ โ€œJapanese onlyโ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ํžŒ ํ˜„์ˆ˜๋ง‰์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ํฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด J๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ฌด๊ด€์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Urawa was not satisfied with this and continued to engage in hooliganism, and on August 2, 2023, during the Emperor's Cup match against Nagoya, they relentlessly chased Nagoya supporters, claiming they had been provoked after the match, damaging the Nagoya banner, and attacking security guards. More than 70 people were punished, including for assault, and their qualifications for next year's Emperor's Cup were revoked.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ผ์™€ ์ธก์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2023๋…„ 8์›” 2์ผ ๋‚˜๊ณ ์•ผ ๊ทธ๋žจํผ์Šค์™€์˜ ์ฒœํ™ฉ๋ฐฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ผ์™€ ์„œํฌํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ›„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜๊ณ ์•ผ ํŒฌ๋“ค์„ ์ง‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋’ค์ซ“์•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜๊ณ ์•ผ์˜ ์‘์› ํ˜„์ˆ˜๋ง‰์„ ํŒŒ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ๋น„์›๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ 70๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ํญํ–‰ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ผ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด ์ฒœํ™ฉ๋ฐฐ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค.


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