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Future Railway Mobile Communication System

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki




FRMCS, Future Railway Mobile Communication System:[1], is the future worldwide telecommunication system designed specifically for the rail sector, as a successor of GSM-R. GSM-R is the data communication bearer for the European Train Control System (ETCS); the ETCS is the single European signalling and speed control system that ensures interoperability of the national railway systems. The European Union agency, the Agency for Railways (ERA), is ultimately responsible for the safety and interoperability of railways across Europe.

The European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) declared that the successor to GSM-R shall be called FRMCS (abbreviation for Future/Flexible Railway Mobile Communication System)[2]. They noted that "this term is already widely accepted and used inside and outside railways (e.g. 3GPP, ETSI)." ERA has designated[3] that functional requirements are to be drafted by the International Union of Railways (UIC) (in the frame of the FRMCS project), whilst detailed technical specifications are drafted by the European standards body, ETSI.

Although FRMCS is technology agnostic, it is likely to benefit from the economies of scale of investments in 4G (LTE) and 5G mobile wireless technologies; in a very similar way that GSM-R benefited from the investment in GSM technology. It is due to be launched in 2025[4].

History

10 December 2010: UIC's FRMCS Functional Working Group published version 1.0 of the Future Railway Mobile Communication System, User Requirements Specification[5]. On 19 February 2020, version 5.0.0, reference: FU-7100 was published.

17 December 2018: The European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) published: "Evolution of Railway Radio Communication: System Definition" outlining the migration from GSM-R to FRMCS.

28 September 2021: The European Commission issued decision (EU) 2021/1730, to harmonise the use of the paired frequency bands 874.4–880.0 MHz and 919.4–925.0 MHz and of the unpaired frequency band 1900–1910 MHz for Railway Mobile Radio; EU Commissioner Thierry BRETON being the signatory. Point #1 of the EU decision states: "The radio communication system currently used for railway operations, namely GSM-R, is based on specifications that were finalised 20 years ago and, due to technological obsolescence, industrial support for GSM-R is unlikely to be assured much after 2030. The Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) will succeed GSM-R as one of the essential elements of the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS). It will support railway digitalisation and service innovation. GSM-R and its successor(s), including FRMCS, are designated as Railway Mobile Radio (RMR)."[6]

Trials, tests and co-operation

The International Union of Railways (UIC) hosted the first global FRMCS Conference[7] on 14–15 May, at UIC headquarters in Paris, France. It was attended by over 250 participants, 40 speakers from 25 countries. Representatives from telecommunications and signalling domains, regulatory authorities and standardisation bodies, railway infrastructure managers and railway operators attended.[8]

The European standards body, ETSI, formed a committee[9] to evaluate the interworking of existing GSM-R equipment with new FRMCS equipment in July 2020.

In December 2020, the International Union of Railways (UIC) reported[10] that a consortium of railway operators and telecommunications industry players had pledged to invest €14 million, 70% of which came from the Horizon 2020 fund, to work on prototyping the entire FRMCS ecosystem. Market readiness is expected in 2025.

The combination of fast-moving trains and geographical features such as cuttings and tunnels creates a uniquely different and challenging radio environment. M. Berbineau et al. published research[11] on different channel models that can be used to simulate such environments.

Radio Spectrum: co-existence with other existing radio spectrum users

One of the proposed radio spectrum bands to be used by FRMCS is 1900–1920 MHz. The CEPT Electronic Communications Committee[12] published a report on the co-existence between FRMCS in this frequency band and other applications in adjacent bands. It found that FRMCS cab-radios should not suffer downlink throughput degradation, even when the train is passing in close proximity to a Mobile/Fixed Communication Networks (MFCN) terminal that operates in the 1920–1980 MHz band. DECT devices utilise the radio spectrum between 1880 and 1900 MHz; the report found that the impact of DECT devices on FRMCS cab-radios to be "generally negligible, apart from exceptional cases where it can reach up to 10 dB for a few seconds, noting that in these situations the wanted signal remains 30 dB above the interference level".

Ecosystem

Standards Bodies

Support for the International Union of Railways (UIC), FRMCS initiative has come from:

  • European Rail Infrastructure Managers (EIM), which in December 2016, published its "expectations and key challenges"[13] for FRMCS.
  • The Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), which has established a working subgroup[14] to provide focus on the transition from GSM-R to FRMCS.
  • ETSI has dedicated a Technical Committee[15] (TC) to Rail Telecommunications (RT), which has expanded its scope beyond GSM-R to include FRMCS.

Academic Research

  • University of Lille, France. Environments to simulate[16] radio channels to aid testing of FRMCS radio air interface.
  • Telkom University, Indonesia[17]. Research into FRMCS performance as affected by the Doppler effect and interference specific to Indonesia. A FRMCS channel model is proposed, obtained from a series of computer simulations with natural environment based on long-term local data parameters of Bandung and Jakarta.
  • Beijing Jiaotong University, China. Research into the specific requirements of video[18] streaming when used on railways in a 5G (FRMCS) environment.
  • Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland: Economic benefits[19] of deploying 5G-based FRMCS for railway operators.
  • Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy. Comparison of FRMCS and Adaptable Communication System (ACS)[20] [21].
  • Technical University of Madrid, Spain. Effectiveness of 5G[22] (FRMCS) at hyperloop speeds (1,200 km/h).
  • University Gustave Eiffel, France. Research into the feasibility of using 5G (FRMCS) to effect remote[23] driver control of trains.
  • University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Implications of migration from GSM-R to FRMCS[24].
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and technical requirements for the proposed experimental deployment of FRMCS in an operational railway environment in the area of Patras, Greece[25].

Rail operators

The European Union initiative, 5G Rail[26] [27] Horizon 2020 prototype project includes railway operators: DB Netz [28] (Germany), SNCF (France), and SCHWEIZERISCHE BUNDESBAHNEN (Switzerland).

FRMCS formed part of Network Rail's 2018 Telecom Strategic Plan[29], in which Network Rail earmarked an investment of £200m to replace GSM-R with FRMCS.

Many other European rail operators are also investigating and researching the implications of a transition to FRMCS.

Equipment vendors (manufacturers)

Vendors known to be proposing FRMCS equipment include:

Ancillary Service Providers

Although FRMCS is in its infancy, a number of companies are providing ancillary services:

References

  1. ↑ International Railways Union, UIC (14 October 2021). "Future Railway Mobile Communication System". Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ European Union, Agency for Railways (17 December 2018). "Evolution of Railway Radio Communication: System Definition" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  3. ↑ "European Union Agency for Railways". Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  4. ↑ "In-Depth Focus: Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS)". Global Railway Review. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  5. ↑ FRMCS Functional Working Group, UIC (19 February 2020). "Future Railway Mobile Communication System, User Requirements Specification" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ European Commission (2021-09-28). "COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2021/1730 of 28 September 2021, on the harmonised use of the paired frequency bands 874,4-880,0 MHz and 919,4-925,0 MHz and of the unpaired frequency band 1 900-1 910 MHz for Railway Mobile Radio". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-11-09. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ International Union of Railways, UIC (18 Oct 2021). "Future Railway Mobile Communications System". Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Callaghan, Paul (2019-08-01). "Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS) conference, Paris" (PDF). Institution of Railway Signal Engineers. July/August 2019: 22–24.
  9. ↑ "Work Programme - Work Item Detailed Report". portal.etsi.org. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  10. ↑ International Railways Union, UIC (December 2020). "FRMCS and 5G for rail: challenges, achievements and opportunities" (PDF). UIC Rail System Department: 11.
  11. ↑ Berbineau, Marion; Behaegel, Romain; Garcia-Loygorri, Juan Moreno; Torrego, Raul; D'Errico, Raffaele; Sabra, Ali; Yan, Ying; Soler, Jose (2021). "Channel Models for Performance Evaluation of Wireless Systems in Railway Environments". IEEE Access. 9: 45903–45918. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3066112. ISSN 2169-3536. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (2020-05-21). "Co-existence between Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) in the frequency range 1900-1920 MHz and other applications in adjacent bands". European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications. Retrieved 2021-11-09. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ European Rail Infrastructure Managers, EIM (December 2016). "Future Railway Mobile Communication System, EIM expectations and key challenges" (PDF). Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ "FRMCS & GSM-R Guidance Sub-group". www.rssb.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  15. ↑ "ETSI - Railway Telecommunication | Rail Communications Standards | FRMCS". ETSI. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  16. ↑ Berbineau, Marion; Sabra, Ali; Deniau, Virginie; Gransart, Christophe; Torrego, Raul; Arriola, Aitor; Val, Inaki; Soler, Jose; Yan, Ying; Vizzarri, Alessandro; Mazzenga, Franco (2021-04-25). "Zero on site testing of railway wireless systems: the Emulradio4Rail platforms". 2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring). Helsinki, Finland: IEEE: 1–5. doi:10.1109/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9448903. ISBN 978-1-7281-8964-2. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Maulana Sambas, Muhammad Hendra; Khamid Ridwanuddin, Abdul; Anwar, Khoirul; Rangkuti, Ikhfan Ammar; Mufti Adriansyah, Nachwan (November 2019). "Performances of Future Railway Mobile Communication Systems Under Indonesia Railway Channel Model". 2019 Symposium on Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: IEEE. 1: 1–6. doi:10.1109/SOFTT48120.2019.9068648. ISBN 978-1-7281-4470-2. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Wang, Qingqing; Li, Mingchun; Sun, Bin; Ding, Jianwen; Zhong, Zhangdui (2020), Liu, Baoming; Jia, Limin; Qin, Yong; Liu, Zhigang, eds., "Research on FN-Based MCVideo Service for Railway Communication System", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2019, Singapore: Springer Singapore, 640, pp. 175–185, doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2914-6_18, ISBN 978-981-15-2913-9, retrieved 2021-11-09 Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ Załoga, Elżbieta (2020-09-30). "Repository - Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin - The importance of 5G networks..." 63 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin. 135 (63). doi:10.17402/437. ISSN 1733-8670. Retrieved 2021-11-09. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ Giuliano, Romeo (2021-04-02). "THE FUTURE OF RAILWAY MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM" (PDF). GUGLIELMO MARCONI UNIVERSITY Magazine. 2: 2–3.
  21. ↑ "Future Network Security: Challenges & Opportunities Workshop - IEEE Future Networks". futurenetworks.ieee.org. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  22. ↑ Tavsanoglu, Ali; Briso, César; Carmena-Cabanillas, Diego; Arancibia, Rafael B. (2021-02-13). "Concepts of Hyperloop Wireless Communication at 1200 km/h: 5G, Wi-Fi, Propagation, Doppler and Handover". Energies. 14 (4): 983. doi:10.3390/en14040983. ISSN 1996-1073.
  23. ↑ Alsaba, Yamen (2020-11-16). "5G for remote driving of trains" (PDF). 15th International Workshop on Communication Technologies for Vehicles. Retrieved 2021-11-09. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  24. ↑ Branković, Nedžad; Kalem, Aida; Medić, Adisa (2021-04-30). "Development of mobile communication systems for high-speed railway". Science, Engineering and Technology. 1 (1): 29–34. doi:10.54327/set2021/v1.i1.2. ISSN 2744-2527. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  25. ↑ Mesogiti, Ioanna; Theodoropoulou, Eleni; Setaki, Fotini; Lyberopoulos, George; Tzanakaki, Anna; Anastassopoulos, Markos; Politi, Christina; Papaioannou, Panagiotis; Tranoris, Christos (2021), Maglogiannis, Ilias; Macintyre, John; Iliadis, Lazaros, eds., "5G-VICTORI: Future Railway Communications Requirements Driving 5G Deployments in Railways", Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. AIAI 2021 IFIP WG 12.5 International Workshops, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 628, pp. 21–30, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79157-5_2, ISBN 978-3-030-79156-8, retrieved 2021-11-09 Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  26. ↑ "5GRAIL – 5G for future RAILway mobile communication system". Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  27. ↑ "5GRAIL ‹ 5G-PPP". Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  28. ↑ "FRMCS/5G-Datenkommunikation". digitale-schiene-deutschland.de. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  29. ↑ Network Rail (2018-01-01). "Telecoms Strategic Plan 2018" (PDF). Network Rail. Retrieved 2021-11-09. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  30. ↑ "Alstom digitalises Stuttgart 21". Alstom. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  31. ↑ "FRMCS | Kontron Transportation". www.kontron.com. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  32. ↑ "5GRAIL ‹ 5G-PPP". Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  33. ↑ "Leonardo participates in the definition of the FRMCS Standard for railways". www.leonardocompany.com. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  34. ↑ "Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS)". Nokia. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  35. ↑ "On-board Communications | Rail Automation | Siemens Mobility United Kingdom". Siemens Mobility Global Website. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  36. ↑ "Step into the comfort zone". Thales Group. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  37. ↑ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency selects Thales to improve its railway network in Finland". Thales Group. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  38. ↑ "FRMCS – Future Railway Mobile Communications System". Wray Castle. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  39. ↑ "How can the rail infra sector implement FRMCS with maximum efficiency? | International Railway Summit". Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  40. ↑ "FRMCS: next-generation train radio begins to take shape". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  41. ↑ Nokia. "Paving the way to FRMCS". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 2021-10-25.


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