George Rzevski

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Professor George Rzevski 2013

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George Rzevski (born 3 December 1932) is an Emeritus Professor of Complexity Science and AI in the School of Design and Innovation at the Open University, Milton Keynes. He remains active, developing the next generation of Artificial Intelligence..

Research and AI design

Professor Rzevski’s research spans three connected topics: Coevolution of Society and Technology, Complexity Science and Artificial Intelligence. He has proposed a definition of Complexity, demonstrating that social evolution favours Complexity, and argued that, to prosper under the conditions of uncertainty created by Complexity, one needs both powerful Human Intelligence (HI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Professor Rzevski’s principal achievement has been to conceive and develop Smart AI, a unique design which, to his knowledge, is unavailable elsewhere: deploying a swarm of hundreds of thousands of digital agents that negotiate among themselves to solve a given problem and exhibit high emergent intelligence. Unlike Generative AI, his swarm of agents is not a tabula rasa and does not require training with expensive algorithms. Instead it has access to a comprehensive domain knowledge stored in an advanced ontology. George’s unique brand of AI has been successfully applied to many real-world problems, including real-time scheduling for the delivery of crew and cargo to the International Space Station, the rapid allocation of minicabs to customers in London, and the scheduling of large seagoing tankers transporting crude oil across the globe.

Life and Work

George was born in Serbia to an old Russian noble family Rzhevsky family(see the Wikipedia page “Rzhevsky family”), whose descendants left Russia in 1918 during the Bolshevik Revolution. His father, Alexandr Vladimirovic Rzhevsky, changed the family name from Rzhevsky (Рже́вские) to Rzevski to suit his new country. George graduated with a first-class honours degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Belgrade and, by the age of 30, served as Chief Designer for all the railway electrification projects in Yugoslavia. Resisting pressure to join the Communist Party, he left Yugoslavia in 1965 with his wife, Jelena and daughter, Tamara, for England to enrol in a Refresher Postgraduate Course in Electrical Traction at Imperial College London.

He began his academic career as a lecturer in Electrical Engineering, rapidly advancing to a Professorship of Information Systems at Kingston University, and later becoming Lucas Professor of Engineering Design at the Open University, where he served as Director of the Centre for the Design of Intelligent Systems.

At the Open University, he led the team that developed the first undergraduate course in Mechatronics: Designing Intelligent Systems, which was taken by 400 students annually. Each student received their personal robot and was tasked with designing a simple artificial mind for it. Upon his retirement, to acknowledge his contributions to research in Complexity Science, the University named a new facility the George Rzevski Complexity Laboratory.

At the age of 65, Professor Rzevski raised capital and founded an AI startup, Magenta Ltd, which continues to operate successfully using his unique multi-agent AI platform. At 93, he has just completed a new book, “Swarm AI: Meet the Next Generation of Artificial Intelligence”, to be published by Springer Nature in 2026.

Publications

Professor Rzevski has published several books and numerous scientific papers.

Books

Rzevski, G., “Swarm AI: Meet the Next Generation of Artificial Intelligence”. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2026 [1]

Rzevski, G., “The Future is Digital: How Complexity and Artificial Intelligence will shape Our Lives and Work”. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2023. ISBN 978-3-031-37809-6. Rzevski, G., P. Skobelev, “Managing Complexity”. WIT Press, Southampton, Boston, 2014. ISBN 978-1-84564-936-4 Rzevski, G (ed), “Mechatronics: Designing Intelligent Machines”, Butterworth Heinemann, 1995.

Scientific Papers, a selection

2022 • Rzevski, G.; Skobelev, P.; Zhilyaev, A. “Emergent Intelligence in Smart Ecosystems: Conflicts Resolution by Reaching Consensus in Resource Management”. Mathematics 2022, 10, 1923. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10111923. 2021 • Rzevski, G., “Intelligent Real-Time Scheduling, Dispatching and Monitoring System for Unmanned Vehicles”. 2020 • Rzevski, G., Sergei Kozhevnikov, Miroslav Svitek. “Smart City as an Urban Ecosystem”, 2020 Smart City Symposium Prague (SCSP), DOI:10.1109/SCSP49987.2020.9133849. 2019 Rzevski, G., “Intelligent Multi-Agent Platform for Designing Digital Ecosystems". In Vladimir Marik, Petr Kadera, George Rzevski, Alois Zolti, Gabriele Anderst-Kotsis, A Min Yjoa, Ismail Khalil (eds), Proceedings of the 9th International Conference, HoloMAS 2019, Linz, Austria, August 26 – 29, 2019, pp. 29-41. LNAI 11710. Rzevski, G., “Complexity and Adaptability in Nature and Society”. In Ulisses Targino Bezzera, Heber Sivini Ferreira, Normando Perazzo Barbosa (eds), Frontiers in Biomaterials, Vol. 6, pp. 38-52, 2019. 2018 Rzevski, G., “Human versus Artificial Intelligence: Cooperating or Competing?” Keynote presentation at International Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2018, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Rzevski, G. “Coevolution of Technology, Business and Society”, International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Volume 13 No. 3 (2018), pp. 231-237. ISSN: 1755-7437. 2017 Rzevski, G., P. Skobelev, “Intelligent Adaptive Schedulers for Railways”, International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, Volume 1 No 3, (2017), pp. 414-420. ISSN: 2058-8305. 2016 Rzevski, G., Soloviev, V., Skobelev, P. & Lakhin, O., “Complex Adaptive Logistics for the International Space Station”, International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Volume 11 No. 3 (2016), pp. 459-472. ISSN: 1755-7437. Rzevski, G. “Harnessing the Power of Self-Organisation” International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Volume 11 No 4 (2016), pp. 483-494. ISSN: 1755-7437. Rzevski, G. “Managing Complexity: Theory and Practice”. 11th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE), 12-16 June 2016, Kongsberg, Norway, pp. 1-6. Rzevski, G., J. Knezevic, P. Skobelev, N. Borgest, O. Lakhin, “Managing Aircraft Lifecycle Complexity”. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. Volume 11, No 2 (2016), pp. 77-87. ISSN: 1755-7437. Hettige, B, A. S. Karunananda, G. Rzevski, “A Multi-Agent Solution for Managing Complexity in English to Sinhala Machine Translation”. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. Volume 11, No 2 (2016), pp. 88-96. ISSN: 1755-7437. 2015 Rzevski, G., “Complexity Science and Knowledge Technology for Defence Industry and Military Forces in the 21st Century”. Keynote paper, International Research Conference at the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka, August 2015. Rzevski, G., Madsen, B., Skobelev, P., Tsarev, A. V., “Management of Supply Chains Using Multi-Agent Technology”. In Russian. Mekhatronika, Avtomatisazia, Control. Volume 16, No 7 (2015), pp. 497-504. ISSN 1684-6427. Rzevski, G., “Self-Management in the Emerging Global Society”. Keynote paper, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Samara, Russia, 22-25 June 2015, pp. 3-10, ISBN 978-593424-737-0. Rzevski, G., “Complexity as the Defining Feature of the 21st Century”. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. Volume 10, No 3 (2015), pp. 191-198. ISSN: 1755-7437. Karunananda, A., Philippe R. Goldin, George Rzevski, Subha Fernando and Harindra R. Fernando. “On Computing Behaviour of Mind from an Eastern Philosophical Perspective”, International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. Volume 10, No 3 (2015), pp. 224-233. ISSN: 1755-7437. 2014 Rzevski, G., “Managing Complexity”, Keynote paper, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Complex Systems Control and Modelling, Samara, Russia, June 2014, pp. 3-13. ISBN 978-5-93424-703-5. Rzevski, G. “Managing Machine Functionability using Methods of Complexity Science”. Annals of Mirce Mechanics, pp. 68-76, Mirce Akademy, Exeter, UK, January 2014. Rzevski, G. “Self-Organisation in Social Systems”. Ontology of Designing. N 4 (14), pp. 8-17, 2014. ISSN 2223-9537. B Hettige, B., A. Karunananda, G. Rzevski, “Sinhala Ontology Generator for English to Sinhala Machine Translation”. 2013 Madsen, B., G. Rzevski, P. Skobelev, A. Tsarev. “A Strategy for Managing Complexity of the Global Market and Prototype Real-Time Scheduler for LEGO Supply Chain”. International Journal of Software Innovation, Volume 1 Issue 2, April-June 2013, ISBN: 2166-7100, pp.28-39. Hettige, B., Karunananda, A. S., Rzevski, G. “MaSMT: A Multi-Agent System Development Framework for English-Sinhala Machine Translation”. International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing, Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2013, ISSN: 2279 – 0756. Rzevski, G. “Aircraft Life as a Complex System: A New Methodology for Increasing Service Quality and Maximizing Profit”. MIRCE Mechanics Congress, MIRCE Academy, June 2013. Rzevski, G. “Multi-Agent Technology for Designing Adaptive Business Processes”. Proceedings of the 12th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS 2013), Niigata, Japan, June 2013, ISBN: 978–1–4799–0172–2, pp. 83-89. Madsen, B., P. Skobelev, G. Rzevski, and A. Tsarev. "Real-Time Multi-agent Forecasting and Replenishment Solution for LEGOs Branded Retail Outlets." Proceedings of the 12th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS 2013), Niigata, Japan, June 2013, ISBN: 978–1–4799–0172–2. Hettige, B., Karunananda, A. S., Rzevski, G. “Multi Agent Framework for Development of Machine Translation Systems”. 2013 8th International Conference on Science & Education ICCSE 2013. Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2012 Hettige, B., Karunananda, A. S., Rzevski, G., “Multi-Agent System Technology for Morphological Analysis”. Sri Lanka Association for Artificial Intelligence, Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference, The Open University, Colombo. December 2012. Rzevski, G., “Modelling Large Complex Systems Using Multi-Agent Technology”. Proceedings of the 13th ACIS international conference on software engineering, artificial intelligence, networking, and parallel/distributed computing, pp. 434-437. №2. с. 2, Kyoto, August 2012. Madsen, B., Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P., Tsarev, A. “Real-time Multi-Agent Forecasting & Replenishment Solution for LEGO Branded Retail Outlets”. Proceedings of the 13th ACIS international conference on software engineering, artificial intelligence, networking, and parallel/distributed computing. Kyoto, August 2012. Rzevski, G., “Managing Complex Socio-Technological Systems”. Keynote Paper, Conference on Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, June 2012. Rzevski, G., “Complexity Science and MIRCE Mechanics”. First World Congress of MIRCE Mechanics, Woodbury Park, Exeter, United Kingdom, May 2012. 2011 Rzevski, G., “Self-Organization versus Control in Complex Social Systems”. Keynote Paper, Proceedings, Conference on Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, June 2011, ISBN 978-5-93424-528-4, pp. 3-10. Rzevski, G., “A Practical Methodology for Managing Complexity”. Emergence: Complexity & Organization – An International Transdisciplinary Journal of Complex Social Systems. Volume 13, Nos. 1-2, 2011, ISSN 1521-3250, pp. 38-56.

2010

Rzevski, G., “Using Tools of Complexity Science to Diagnose the Current Financial Crisis”. Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing, 210, Vol.46, No. 2. ISSN 8756-6990. Rzevski, G., “Using Complexity Science Framework and Multi-Agent Technology in Design”. In Alexiou, K., Johnson, J., Zamenopoulos, T. (eds.), Embracing Complexity in Design, Routledge, 2010, ISBN 978-0-415-49700-8, pp. 61-72. 2009 Glaschenko, A., Ivaschenko, A., Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P. “Multi-Agent Real Time Scheduling System for Taxi Companies”. Proc. of 8th Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2009), Decker, Sichman, Sierra, and Castelfranchi (eds.), May, 10–15, 2009, Budapest, Hungary. ISBN: 978-0-9817381-6-1, pp. 29-35. Andreev, S., Rzevski, G., Shveykin, P., Skobelev, P., Yankov, I. “Multi-Agent Scheduler for Rent-A-Car Companies”. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 5696, Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufacturing: Forth International Conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems, HoloMAS 2009, Linz, Austria. Springer ISBN 978-3-540-74478-8, pp.305-314. Rzevski, G. “Using Tools of Complexity Science to Diagnose Current Financial Crises”. Keynote Paper, Conference on Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, June 2009. Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P., “Agent Based Semantic Web”, Semantic Universe Website, 2009. 2008 Rzevski, G. “A New Direction of Research into Artificial Intelligence”, Invited Paper, The Annual Conference of Sri Lankan Association for Artificial Intelligence, Colombo, 2008. Rzevski, G., “Investigating Current Social, Economic and Educational Issues using Framework and Tools of Complexity Science”. Journal of the World University Forum, Volume 1, Number 2, 2008, ISSN: 1835-2030’ pp. 75-84. Rzevski, G. “Overview of Complexity Science Concepts, Tools and Applications”. Keynote, Conference on Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, 26-28 June 2008, pp. 3-12. 2007 Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P., “Emergent Intelligence in Large Scale Multi-Agent Systems”. International Journal of Education and Information Technology, Issue 2, Volume 1, 2007, pp. 64-71. Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P. Andreev, V. “MagentaToolkit: A Set of Multi-Agent Tools for Developing Adaptive Real-Time Applications”. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 4659, Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufacturing. Third International Conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems, HoloMAS 2007, Regensburg, Germany, Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-74478-8, pp. 303-314. Andreev, M., Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P., Shveykin, P., Tsarev, A., Tugashev, A. “Adaptive Planning for Supply Chain Networks”. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 4659, Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufacturing. Third International Conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems, HoloMAS 2007, Regensburg, Germany. Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-74478-8, pp. 215-225. Minakov, I., Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P., Volman, S., “Creating Contract Templates for Car Insurance Using Multi-Agent Based Text Understanding and Clustering”. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 4659, Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufacturing. Third International Conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems, HoloMAS 2007, Regensburg, Germany, September 2007, Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-74478-8, pp. 361-371. Rzevski G., Skobelev, P., Minakov, I., Volman, S., “Dynamic Pattern Discovery using Multi-Agent Technology”. Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Telecommunications and Informatics (TELE_INFO ’07), Dallas, Texas, USA, March 22-24, 2007, ISBN: 978-960-8457-60-7, pp. 75-81. Rzevski, G., “Planning under Conditions of Uncertainty”. Keynote. In Fedosov, E. A., Kuznetsov, N.A., Vittikh, V.A. (eds.) Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, 22-28 June 2007, pp. 3-12. 2006 Rzevski, G., “Practical Applications of Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems”. Keynote, 1st International Conference on Business Information, Organisation and Process Management (BIOPoM 2006), Westminster Business School, University of Westminster London, June 2006. Minakov, Igor, Rzevski, George, Skobelev, Petr, Volman, Semen, “Automatic Generation of Business Rules for Logistics Company using Multi-Agent Clustering”, 1st International Conference on Business Information, Organisation and Process Management (BIOPoM 2006), Westminster Business School, University of Westminster London, June 2006. Rzevski, G, “On Emergent Properties of Complex Systems”. Keynote. In Fedosov, E. A., Kuznetsov, N.A., Vittikh, V.A. (eds.) Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, 20-25 June 2006, pp. 3-10. Rzevski, G., “Complex Adaptive Software Systems as the New Paradigm for the 21st Century”. South East ICT Conference, Belgrade, May 2006. Rzevski, G., Himoff, J., Skobelev, P., “Magenta Technology: A Family of Multi-Agent Intelligent Schedulers”. Proceedings of the Workshop on Software Agents in Information Systems and Industrial Applications (SAISIA). Fraunhofer Verlag. February 2006, ISBN-10 3-8167-7019-3, pp. 55-67. Himoff, J., Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P., “Magenta Technology: Multi-Agent Logistics i-Scheduler for Road Transportation”. International Conference on Autonomous Agents: Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Hakodate, Japan, 2006. ISBN 1-59593-303-4, pp. 1541-1521. 2005 Basra, R., Lü, K., Rzevski, G., Skobelev, P., “Resolving Scheduling Issues of the London Underground Using a Multi-Agent System”. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 3593, Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufacturing, 2005, pp. 188-196. Rzevski, G. “Ontology and Relativity”. Keynote. In Fedosov, E. A., Kuznetsov, N. A., Vittikh, V.A. (eds.) Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, June 2005, pp. 3-10. 2004 Rzevski, G. “Designing Complex Engineering Systems”. Keynote. In Fedosov, E. A., Kuznetsov, N. A., Vittikh, V.A. (eds.) Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, June 2004, pp. 3-12. Morgan, G, Rzevski, G., Wiese, P.: “Multi-Agent Control of Variable Geometry Axial Turbo Compressors”. Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, issue I3 vol. 218 (2004), ISSN 0959-6518, pp. 157-171. 2003 Rzevski, G, Skobelev, P, Batishchev, S, Orlov, A.: “A Framework for Multi-Agent Modelling of Virtual Organisations”. In Camarinha-Matos, L M and Afsarmanesh, H (eds), Processes and foundations for Virtual Organisations, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, ISBN 978-1-4020-7638-1, pp. 253-260. Rzevski, G.: “On conceptual Design of Intelligent Mechatronic Systems”. Mechatronics 13 (2003), ISSN 0957-4158, pp. 1029 – 1044. Rzevski, G: “Multi-Agent Systems: The Myth or Practical Reality?” Keynote. In Fedosov, E. A., Kuznetsov, N. A., Vittikh, V.A. (eds.) Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, Russia, 2003.

2002

Hlupic, Vlatka, Pouloudi, Nancy and Rzevski, George: "Knowledge Management in E-commerce: The Use of Intelligent Agents", Proceedings of the ITI’02 (Information Technology Interface) Conference, Cavtat, June 2002, Croatia, SRCE University Computing Centre, pp. 349-356. Hlupic, Vlatka, Pouloudi, Anasthasia and Rzevski, George: "Towards an integrated approach to Knowledge Management: 'Hard', 'Soft' and 'Abstract' issues", Knowledge and Process Management, the Journal of Corporate Transformation, 9(0), pp.1-14, 2002. Alwis, Dee, Hlupic, Vlatka and Rzevski, George: "Designing Organisational Memory in Knowledge Intensive Companies: A Case Study", in "Knowledge and Business Process Management", (Ed. By Hlupic V.), Idea Group Publishing, 2002. Hlupic, Vlatka, Pouloudi, Nancy and Rzevski, George: "Intelligent Agents for Knowledge Management in E-Commerce: Opportunities and Challenges", in "Knowledge and Business Process Management", (Ed. Hlupic V.), Idea Group Publishing, 2002. 2001 Rzevski, George, Skobelev, Peter and Korablin, Mikhail: “Multi-Agent Models of Networked Organisations”. Proc. of Intern. Workshop New Models of Business: Managerial Aspects and Enabling Technology, School of Management of Saint Petersburg State University, Russia, June 28-29, 2001, pp. 46-49. Iwkushkin, K., Minakov, I., Rzevski, G. and Skobelev, P.: “Magenta Multi-Agent Engine for Desktop Applications”. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Computer Science and Information Technologies CSIT'2001, Ufa, Russia, 21-26 September 2001. - Ufa State Aviation Technical University - Institute JurInfoR-MSU, Vol. 1: Regular Papers, 2001, 81-89 pp. Batishchev, S., Iwkushkin, K., Minakov, I., Skobelev, P. and Rzevski, G.: “Magenta Multi-Agent Systems: Engines, Ontologies and Applications”. Proc. of the 3rd Intern. Workshop on Computer Science and Information Technologies CSIT'2001, Ufa, Russia, 21-26 September 2001. - Ufa State Aviation Technical University - Institute JurInfoR-MSU, Vol. 1: Regular Papers, 2001, 73-80 pp. Andreev V., Iwkushkin K., Minakov I., Rzevski G., Skobelev P.: The Constructor of Ontologies for Multi-Agent Systems. In Fedosov, E. A., Kuznetsov, N. A., Vittikh, V.A. (eds.) Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, Russia, September 4-9, 2001, 480 – 488. Alwis, Dee, Hlupic, Vlatka and Rzevski, George: "Designing Organisational Memory in Knowledge Intensive Companies: A Case Study", Proceedings of the UKAIS 2001, UK Academy of Information Systems Conference, Portsmouth, UK, April 2001. 2000 Rzevski, George, Pouloudi, Nancy and Hlupic, Vlatka: "The Scope and Applications of Knowledge Management Research: An Integrated Approach". In Edwards, J & Kidd, J. (Eds.) The Knowledge Management Conference (KMAC 2000) Knowledge Management beyond the hype: looking towards the new millennium. Aston Business School, Birmingham, UK, 17-18 July 2000, pp. 304-312, 2000. (ISBN 0903440210). Batishev S. V., Ivkushkin C.V., Minakov I. A., Rzevski G., Skobelev P. O. A Multi-Agent Simulation of Car Manufacturing and Distribution Logistics. Proc. of the 2nd International Conference "Complex Systems: Control and Modelling Problems", Samara, Russia, June 20-23, 2000, pp. 100-104.

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