Golorory
Golorory (Ukrainian: Гологори, Russian: Гологоры, Polish: Gołogóry, Yiddish: גאָליגע - Goligor) is a village in Ukraine, in Zolochiv district of Lviv region. The population is approximately 658 people[when?]. Gologory has a rural council. Formerly the town was called Duklya.
Geography[edit]
Gologory is located among the low wooded mountains on the bank of the Zolota Lypa River which originates in the Maidan Golohirs'kyi village and falls into the river Dniester.
History[edit]
The earliest settlement in Gologory date back to 1099 and are first mentioned in the Laurentian Codex in 1144 and in 1232 – in the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle. [1]
At first, Gologory belonged to the Zvenigorod principality, and from 1140 – to Galicia (Eastern Europe) (during the reign of King Daniel of Galicia (1253–1264))[2].
Mongol invasion of Rus' took place here for centuries, resulting in destroyed structures built out of wood and after these raids only some fortifications were left standing.
The Gologory castle was first built of broken stone (the exact date of construction is unknown),
after the damage done by the Golden Horde it was rebuilt in 1441. In 1498, the Turks were defeated here by Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The castle had hidden underground tunnels that led to exits in the forest. These tunnels were fairly spacious and have survived until recent times.
During the Soviet Union in 1950's, its remaining stones were used for the construction of the road a collective farm (Kolkhoz.)
Another historical landmark was St. Anne's Cathedral also built from stone between the years 1400-1435. The Cathedral's top was blown up by the partisans in 1945 during the Ukrainian liberation movement to deprive the punitive NKVD organs of a supervisory platform. However, the NKVD found other objects, such as the forest man's watchtower and the cathedral was destroyed. Only a wall and a few scattered stones remain in its place.
The most outstanding monument on the grave of the village defenders from battles with the Mongols (in 1442) to survive to the present day is the St. Mark statue made out of brick and stone. It stands on the high hill opposite of the former castle and can be seen from far above the town. It's also believed that it is the burial place of a Turkish Pasha.
Gologory revived and became a major trade center from the 15th century and attained the Magdeburg rights (in 1365 and in 1469). In the 17th-century due to increased trade, the Jewish population has increased. In every community, there was a position of Rabbi whose duties consisted of maintaining the list of vital records and supervision of education.[3] They built a synagogue, a school and had their own cemetery atop the mountain to the left of the St. Mark's statue. Along the bank of one the three ponds, there were merchants, pottery, leather makers and smiths. There were three mills, grocery store and manufactured goods, a police station, a pharmacy, a doctor and a photographer and a chimney sweep. In 1886, there was a two-year elementary parish school. A Polish farmer's Union "Kółko rolnicze" and a Ukrainian library "Prosvita" since 1885, Lug Society "Луг (товариство)" and the sich Shots Society "Січ (товариство)" founded in 1910.[1] In 1895 Baron Maurice de Hirsch founded a private Jewish School which received a National status. By 1901 children of all confessions could enroll in it. The studies were led in Polish, however, declarations to the administration in Zolochiv were sent asking for studies to be led in Ukrainian as well. During the Soviet Union, a Ukrainian school was opened for students from surrounding villages: Zashkiv, Gologirky, Vyshnivchyk, Chemeryntsi. The young faculty mostly came from Eastern Ukraine.
After the World War II the village was damaged and a lot of the human potential lost. Between 1939 and 1940 a lot of the local intelligentsia including the Poles (Masurians) who were settlers from Poland were deported to Gulag in Siberia. During the German occupation Reichskommissariat Ukraine 300 youths were taken as Ostarbeiter and 700 Jews were killed in a Ghetto on the outskirts of Lyatske village ( until 1946 - today: Krasne Красне (смт)) Between 1945–1950 Ukrainian patriots, particularly those who did not want to join the kolkhoz were packed into freight wagons and from the railroad in Krasoe village were sent to the Far East: Irkutsk, Karaganda. Others left the village to escape the NKVD prisoner massacres or joined the UPA Ukrainian Insurgent Army. In 1968, the population decreased to 2,339 people and in 1983, to 737 people. After the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, a ceremony of interment of the remains of Ukrainian soldiers of The Galician Division (14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)), found in a vacant lot and buried with military honors at the entrance to the cemetery.[4] They built a monument to the victims of Mass killings under communist regimes (1939–1953) in its place. The Holy Trinity Church (built in 1630) was reopened in 1991 and is active until today.
Notable people[edit]
Lopatynskyi Yaroslav Josephovych - Ukrainian composer Лопатинський Ярослав Йосипович
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pytel, Stefaniya (2009). Gologory: a sketch of the village. Ivano-Frankivsk: Gran'. Search this book on
- ↑ Hrushevsky, Mykhailo (1899). Memoirs of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Lviv: Harvard University Library. Search this book on
- ↑ Wynne, Suzan (Winter 1994). "EASTERN GALICIAN RECORDS IN WARSAW: UPDATED AND REVISED LIST" (PDF). The Galitzianer. 1 (2).
- ↑ Logusz, Michael (1997). Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th grenadier Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0764300813. Search this book on
External links[edit]
http://zolocyiv-kraj.blogspot.com/
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