Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens
| Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Missing taxonomy template (fix): | Gordonibacter |
| Species: | Template:Taxonomy/GordonibacterG. urolithinfaciens
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| Binomial name | |
| Template:Taxonomy/GordonibacterGordonibacter urolithinfaciens Selma et al. 2014
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| Type strain | |
| CEBAS 1/15P; CCUG 64261; DSM 27213 | |
| Synonyms | |
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Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming and motile species of bacteria in the family Eggerthellaceae.[1][2] The type strain was originally isolated from the feces of a healthy human volunteer in Murcia, Spain. It can convert ellagic acid into several urolithin intermediates.[1]
Taxonomy and nomenclature
The specific epithet urolithinfaciens means "urolithin-producing", referring to the bacterium's ability to metabolize ellagic acid into urolithins.[2]
Gordonibacter faecihominis is a later heterotypic synonym of G. urolithinfaciens. Genome-based and phenotypic comparisons showed that their type strains belong to the same species.[3][2]
Characteristics
Cells are short rods or coccobacilli. Cells may be longitudinally asymmetrical, with one end having a conical appearance. Motility is provided by a subpolar flagellum, and some cells have been observed with a thick amorphous extracellular layer.[1] The bacterium is catalase-positive and metabolizes a limited range of carbon sources.[1]
Metabolism
Ellagic acid and urolithins
G. urolithinfaciens converts ellagic acid sequentially into urolithin M5, urolithin M6 and urolithin C. The pathway involves opening and decarboxylation of one of the lactone rings of ellagic acid, followed by successive dehydroxylation reactions. [4]
Experiments using cell-free extracts localized the urolithin-dehydroxylating activity to the soluble cellular fraction. NADPH and flavin adenine dinucleotide participate in the electron-transfer system associated with the conversion of urolithin M5 into M6 and of M6 into urolithin C.[5]
Other phenolic compounds
In laboratory cultures, the type strain also metabolized caffeic, dihydrocaffeic, rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids through dehydroxylation or double-bond reduction. Most of the other dietary phenolic compounds tested were not transformed, indicating that these activities have a relatively restricted substrate range.[6]
In a mouse experiment, oral administration of live G. urolithinfaciens together with ellagic acid increased measured urolithin bioavailability compared with ellagic acid alone. The bacterium survived simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro but did not establish stable colonization in the mouse gut.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Selma, María V.; Tomás-Barberán, Francisco A.; Beltrán, David; García-Villalba, Rocío; Espín, Juan C. (July 2014). "Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens sp. nov., a urolithin-producing bacterium isolated from the human gut". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 64 (Pt 7): 2346–2352. Bibcode:2014IJSEM..64.2346S. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.055095-0. PMID 24744017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Species: Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Leibniz Institute DSMZ. Retrieved 29 July 2026.
- ↑ Danylec, Nina; Stoll, Dominik A.; Huch, Melanie (2019). "Gordonibacter faecihominis is a later heterotypic synonym of Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 69 (8): 2527–2532. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003537. PMID 31210629.
- ↑ Selma, María V.; Beltrán, David; García-Villalba, Rocío; Espín, Juan C.; Tomás-Barberán, Francisco A. (2014). "Description of urolithin production capacity from ellagic acid of two human intestinal Gordonibacter species". Food & Function. 5 (8): 1779–1784. doi:10.1039/C4FO00092G. PMID 24909569.
- ↑ Watanabe, Hiroko; Kishino, Shigenobu; Kudoh, Masatake; Yamamoto, Hiroaki; Ogawa, Jun (May 2020). "Evaluation of electron-transferring cofactor mediating enzyme systems involved in urolithin dehydroxylation in Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens DSM 27213". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 129 (5): 552–557. doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.11.014. PMID 31983661.
- ↑ García-Villalba, Rocío; Beltrán, David; Frutos, María D.; Selma, María V.; Espín, Juan C.; Tomás-Barberán, Francisco A. (2020). "Metabolism of different dietary phenolic compounds by the urolithin-producing human-gut bacteria Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens". Food & Function. 11 (8): 7012–7022. doi:10.1039/D0FO01649G. hdl:10261/377393. PMID 32716447 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Yang, Yang; Lee, Pui-Kei; Wong, Ho-Ching; Zhao, Danyue (30 March 2024). "Oral supplementation of Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens promotes ellagic acid metabolism and urolithin bioavailability in mice". Food Chemistry. 437 (Pt 2). doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137953. PMID 37976786 Check
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