Gorilla intelligence 2

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Gorilla intelligence has been studied far less than that of all other hominids. Currently, regarding the ability to communicate in sign language, only 2 gorillas were studied.

Gorillas are considered to be the closest relatives of humans after chimpanzees, but separated from humans almost simultaneously with chimpanzees. They also have a larger brain size than chimpanzees and sometimes more than some people. The life expectancy record is 56 years.

Although gorillas cannot speak due to the structure of their vocal apparatus, they are able to communicate with their hands in sign language. They are able to use words figuratively, can create new concepts by combining known words, for example: "lighter" - "match bottle", have a sense of humor.

Gorilla Koko has mastered over a thousand signs of American Sign Language and is able to perceive by ear and understand about two thousand spoken English words. She also learned to use a computer keyboard and mastered 500 symbols in the symbolic language, but in combination with different semantic meanings their number reaches a thousand. She can also draw.

Since gorillas are herbivores, unlike other hominids In nature they use tools little. Only the use of poles to maintain posture was observed and checking the water depth and logs as a bridge. However, in captivity they use tools as often as chimpanzees. Gorillas at the Prague Zoo they wore wood on their wool like "slippers" when walking in the snow or to cross a wet area of the floor. Gorillas also build nests. Diurnal nests are usually simple assemblies of twigs and leaves on the ground, and night nests are more complex structures in trees.

Self-awareness

All gorillas that have been studied in laboratories (Koko and Michael) passed the mirror test for self-awareness and their ability to communicate in sign languages fully demonstrates the presence of self-awareness. At first, it was thought that gorillas were unable to pass the test, but there are now several well-documented "reports" of gorillas (such as Koko) способных пройти тест.

Speech

Sign language

Experiments have shown that gorillas have symbolic thinking and easily use the principle of generalization, using familiar gestures in new situations. Great apes are capable of using words figuratively , are proficient in metaphors. They can create new concepts by combining known words, for example: "lighter" - "match bottle".

Gorilla Koko has mastered more than a thousand signs of sign language amslena and is able to perceive by ear and understand about two thousand English spoken words She knows how to joke and describe her feelings - sadness, discontent. Her most famous joke: she coquettishly called herself a "good bird," claiming that she could fly, but then admitted that it was a joke. When her partner, Michael the gorilla, ripped the leg off her rag doll, Coco told him in sign language: "You dirty bad toilet!"

Patterson says she recorded it in the invention of new sign language. For example, she says that no one taught her the word "ring" but to say it, Coco said "finger" and "bracelet", hence "finger-bracelet".

She is familiar with such abstract concepts as "boredom" and "imagination". When Coco saw a horse with a bit in its mouth, she signaled, "Horse is sad," explaining, "Teeth." Also, Coco really doesn't like taking a bath and to a photograph of another monkey being led into the bath, she responded: "I cried there".

She understands perfectly well what the past and the future are.

She tells you when she's feeling bad, and can even express the intensity of pain on a scale. However, she prefers to endure it until the pain becomes very severe. When she had a toothache, she was able to independently explain how much pain she was in on a scale of 1 to 12 (she indicated 9).

Intelligence quotient is in the range from 75 to 95. (the average for people is 90, mental retardation is less than 70)

Then the male gorilla Michael managed to learn about 600 sign signs (some of which he was taught by Koko the gorilla) before dying of a heart attack on 19 April 2000. He was able to describe in sign language how his mother was killed by poachers.

Symbolic language

During the study of the intellectual ability of the great ape, Koko learned to use a computer keyboard. Using the keyboard, it displays characters on the monitor screen. The gorilla has mastered 500 symbols, but when combined with various semantic meanings, their number reaches a thousand.

In nature

Scientists studying gorillas in the wild, identified at least 16 different sound signalsTemplate:-1. The gorilla group is led by the oldest and strongest male, which determines the daily routine, where to look for food or choose a place to spend the night. To assert his authority, the leader performs a terrifying "dance", which is nothing more than a threat: even a raging male almost always refrains from a real attack. Even in rare cases of attacks on humans, gorillas limit themselves to only single bites.Template:-1

Art

Drawing

Coco is capable of drawing at the level of a three- or four-year-old child (monkeys have no space between the thumb and the other fingers and it's harder for them to draw). She depicts her favorite toys in her drawings and tame animals that are with her. And Michael could draw too.

Gorilla Constructions

File:Gorilla nest.jpg

A gorilla's night nest built in a tree.

Gorillas build day and night nests. Day nests, as a rule, are simple assemblies of branches and leaves on the ground, and night nests are more complex structures on trees. Nests range from 0.61 to 1.5 m in diameter and are built by individual gorillas. Young gorillas nest in the same nest with their parents, but after three years they build their own nests, initially close to their parents. Gorilla nests are randomly distributed and use specific tree locations for construction and it seems opportunistic

Gorilla Tools

File:Gorilla tool use.png

gorilla uses a stick to measure water depth and as a "cane" to support your posture

All the tools described below were used by gorillas without human intervention, as in apartments, laboratories and with the help of training, gorillas can use any tools, just like people.

In nature

One possible explanation for the lack of observed tool use in wild gorillas is that that they are less dependent on power that does not require the use of tools, because they use food resources differently than chimpanzees. While the diet of chimpanzees and orangutans requires the use of tools such as hammers, to crack nuts and sticks, to catch termites, Gorillas access these foods by cracking nuts with their teeth and breaking open termite mounds with their hands.

• Wand

A female western lowland gorilla used a tool to test depth and as a "stick" to support your posture when crossing deeper water.

• Stabilizer

Another female gorilla used a separate trunk from a small bush as a stabilizer during foraging.

• Bridge

And another gorilla used a log as a bridge.

In captivity

• Wooden slippers, etc.

Gorillas at Prague Zoo used tools in several ways, including wearing wood on wool as "slippers" when walking in the snow or to cross a wet area of the floor. Captive gorillas have made a variety of tools.

• Knocking down leaves and seeds

In another group of gorillas at the zoo, several gorillas were observed throwing sticks and logs at a tree, apparently to knock off leaves and seeds.

• Communication

Western lowland gorillas at the zoo have been observed threatening each other with sticks and large pieces of wood.

• Hygiene

While others use sticks for hygienic purposes.

• Stairs

Some gorillas try to use logs as ladders.

Upright posture

A male gorilla named Ambam, living in a British wildlife park in Kent, became famous throughout the world thanks to his amazing ability: the 220-kilogram ape can walk on two legs like a human. As park staff note, walking upright is quite common for gorillas. They often move on two legs when they need to carry some object, or in bad weather, when they don't want to freeze their hands. However, Ambam is the only one of his species who has mastered the technique of human movement so well.

Zoo Escapes

Gorilla Evelyn has escaped from the zoo four times already. One time she climbed onto the back of another gorilla, from where she jumped over the fence. In another, she climbed over the wall using vines, after which ran around the zoo for a whole hour. Because of this, visitors had to be urgently evacuated.

Rescue children

• Gorilla Binti Jua saved a three-year-old boy from other gorillas, fallen into the gorilla corps, while her 16-month-old gorilla baby Koola grabbed hold of her fur on her back.
• Male gorilla Jambo also saved a five-year-old boy from other gorillas who had fallen into the gorilla enclosure.
• Gorilla Jumoke saved her son Jontu, who was not breathing at birth.

See also

• Animal Rights
• Great Ape Project
• Chimpanzee Intelligence
• Orangutan Intelligence
• Eastern Lowland Gorilla
• Western Lowland Gorilla
• River Gorilla
• Mountain Gorilla

References

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