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Goris Cave Dwellings also called Khndzoresk are a distinctive architectural feature nestled within the Syunik Province of Armenia, specifically in the town of Goris. Carved directly into the soft volcanic rock formations characteristic of the region, these cave dwellings represent a unique integration of human habitation with the natural landscape.

Background[edit]

The earliest inhabitants of the caves were likely indigenous peoples who sought refuge in the natural shelters provided by the rocky terrain. Over time, as communities grew and evolved, so too did the caves, with inhabitants expanding and modifying them to meet their changing needs.

During the medieval period, Goris Cave Dwellings became more prominent as populations increased and settlements flourished in the region. The caves served as not only residential spaces but also as centers of commerce, culture, and community life. They provided protection from external threats and offered a sense of security in an often-unforgiving environment.

Throughout history, Goris Cave Dwellings witnessed the ebb and flow of various civilizations, including the Kingdom of Urartu, the Persian Empire, and later, the Russian and Ottoman Empires. Each successive wave of settlers left its mark on the caves, contributing to their cultural and architectural diversity.

In the modern era, Goris Cave Dwellings continue to be inhabited by local residents, many of whom maintain a deep connection to their ancestral roots. While some caves have been adapted for contemporary use, others remain as they have for generations, serving as poignant reminders of Armenia's ancient heritage.

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