Guangdong Military Government of the Republic of China
Guangdong Military Government of the Republic of China 中華民國粵省軍政府 Zhōnghuá mínguó yuè shěng jūn zhèngfǔ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Flag | |||||||||
| Capital | Guangzhou | ||||||||
| Common languages | Chinese | ||||||||
| Government | Military Government | ||||||||
| Governor | |||||||||
• 1911-1912 | Hu Hanmin | ||||||||
| Legislature | Guangdong Advisory Bureau | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Government established | November 9 1911 | ||||||||
• Merged into the Republic of China | 1 January 1912 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Guangdong Military Government of the Republic of China (Chinese: 中華民國粵省軍政府, Zhōnghuá mínguó yuè shěng jūn zhèngfǔ) was a military government established in Guangdong on November 9, 1911 after the success of the Wuchang Uprising. The government is a predecessor to the Republic of China. Its forces were led by Chen Jiongming.
History[edit]
The Military Government[edit]
Guangdong was declared independent from the Qing Dynasty on November 9th, 1911, with assistance from Liangguang's advisory bureau in Guangzhou, the same day Jiongming departed to capture Huizhou. Hanmin was elected governor, and Jiongming as deputy governor. A Guangdong Northern Expeditionary Party was also formed, a total of 8000, with Yao Yuping (姚雨平) as Guangdong's Commander-in-Chief and Ma Jinchun (马锦春) as Deputy Commander-in-Chief.[1]
It is said that almost everyone in Guangdong participated in "planning Guangdong for its self-defense". The gentry class of Guangdong had a taste of modern political participation in the reform of the Advisory Board;[2] for them, the Revolution of 1911 was an opportunity for them to lead the practice of Guangdong’s independence.[2] Liu Yongfu, Chief of the Guangdong Citizens League following Guangdong's independence, said the following:
To the south Fujian, west Guangxi, north the Nanling, and south the vast ocean, Guangdong's tradition and languages are unique from the Central Plains, thus it is natural for us to become independent. From Zhao Tuo of Qin, to Feng An and Deng Wengjin of Sui, to He Zhen of Yuan, they have secured [Guangdong's] soldiers and established her borders. Now, as our army grows strong and our independence absolute, to see for the benefit of our offspring, why stop at present?.... Guangdong province, Guangdongese or Guangdong, this name we are all familiar with.
— Liu Yongfu, Notice of Appointment as the Chief of the Guangdong Provincial Civilian League
(Original)[3]
夫吾粤，东接闽，西连桂，北枕五岭，南滨大洋，风俗语言嗜好与中原异，固天然独立国也。秦之赵佗，隋之冯盎、邓文进，元之何真，皆乘变乱时代，崛起一方，安辑人民，巩卫疆圉。今兵力强厚，独立之局告成矣，所以谋善后者，何止万端！……广东省，广东人之广东，斯言闻之熟矣。
Despite the very regionalist nature of this speech, many also believed independence for Guangdong was merely a step in the long process of breaking away from the Qing Dynasty and joining a new Republic of China. The Military Government of Guangdong pledged dual relationships, to both Guangdong and also the newly forming Republic of China. For example, on November 7th, Li Yuanhong, governor of the Hubei Military Government of the Republic of China, called on the independent provinces including that of Guangdong to consult with the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in attempts at unification, to which Guangdong responded.
The Guangdong Military Government was remade into a province of the Republic of China following its establishment on January 1st, 1912.
References[edit]
- ↑ Yunyao, Yu (1911). 民元粤军北伐始末 [The Beginning and End of the Northern Expedition of the Guangdong Army in the Republic of China]. Sun Yat-sen University. p. 45. Search this book on
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 香港，鬱躁的家邦：本土觀點的香港源流史 [Hong Kong, a Restless Family: A History of Hong Kong's Origins of Local Views]. Zuobang Culture. 2017. p. 237. Search this book on
- ↑ 刘永福历史草. Zhongzheng Publishing House. 1936. Search this book on
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