HOXA-10 gene
Overview:
HOXA10 is a gene that is essential to uterine development both in embryological organogenesis and in menstrual cycling throughout a woman’s adulthood. [1] This gene is located on chromosome 7 and produces a transcription factor called Homeobox protein Hox-A10. Throughout adulthood, it has been shown to be stimulated by estrogen and progesterone while being inhibited by testosterone. [2] Alongside HoxA9-13 genes, it assists in differentiation within the Mullerian duct to promote female reproductive organogenesis. [3] It has been considered to be one of the master regulators of uterine development. Within the uterus, HOXA10 stimulates expression of other genes further downstream. If a woman is deficient in it, an embryo will have difficulty implanting, leading to infertility.[4] Disorders like PCOS and endometriosis are also heavily associated with infertility, in which a deficiency in HOXA10 is implicated among other factors. [5] It is also seen to be in connection with endometrial cancers. Scientists have implicated a gene knockout model in which mice were missing HOXA10. They found that the Mullerian duct was still segmented properly due to the other HOXA genes, but the duct was coiled in the anterior in a way that looked very similar to the oviduct (fallopian tube). There are different amounts of HOXA10 protein found within various layers of the uterus.
References
- ↑ Satokata, I; Benson, G; Maas, R (March 1995). "Sexually dimorphic sterility phenotypes in HoxalO-deficient mice". Nature. 374 (6521): 460–463. Bibcode:1995Natur.374..460S. doi:10.1038/374460a0. PMID 7700356.
- ↑ Ohara, M; Yoshida-Komiya, H; Ono-Okutsu, M; Yamaguchi-Ito, A; Takahashi, T; Fujimori, K (May 2021). "Metformin reduces androgen receptor and upregulates homeobox A10 expression in uterine endometrium in women with polycystic ovary syndrome". Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 19 (1): 77. doi:10.1186/s12958-021-00765-6. PMC 8165781 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34053455 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Taylor, HS; Vanden Heuvel, GB; Igarashi, P (December 1997). "A conserved Hox axis in the mouse and human female reproductive system: late establishment and persistent adult expression of the Hoxa cluster genes". Biol Reprod. 57 (6): 1338–1345. doi:10.1095/biolreprod57.6.1338. PMID 9408238.
- ↑ Paria, BC; Reese, J; Das, SK; Dey, SK (June 2002). "Deciphering the cross-talk of implantation: advances and challenges". Science. 296 (5576): 2185–2188. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2185P. doi:10.1126/science.1071601. PMID 12077405.
- ↑ Lee, B; Du, H; Taylor, HS (September 2008). "Experimental murine endometriosis induces DNA methylation and altered gene expression in eutopic endometrium". Biol Reprod. 80 (1): 79–85. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.108.070391. PMC 2804809. PMID 18799756.
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