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Heliomonadida

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Heliomonadida
File:Algen I. (Schizophyceen, Flagellaten, Peridineen) (1910) (17950796051)-9+10+11.jpg
Heliomorpha mutans (= Dimorpha mutans), fig. 9-11
Scientific classification e
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Heliomonadida
Families[1][2][3]
Synonyms
  • Dimorphida

The Heliomonadida[4] (formerly Dimorphida[5]) are a small group of heliozoan amoeboids that are unusual in possessing flagella throughout their life cycle.

Classification

Genetic studies place them among the Cercozoa, a group including various other flagellates that form filose pseudopodia. This order has been placed into the new class of naked filose cercozoans called Granofilosea.[4] There are two genera in this order:

  • Heliomorpha, a tiny organism found in freshwater
  • the larger Tetradimorpha, which is distinguished by having four rather than two flagella.

Morphology

Bundles of microtubules, typically in square array, arise from a body near the flagellar bases and support the numerous axopods that project from the cell surface.

Heliomonads have a single nucleus, and mitochondria with tubular cristae.

References

  1. Cavalier‐Smith, Thomas (September 1993). "The Protozoan Phylum Opalozoa". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 40 (5): 609–615. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb06117.x. ISSN 1066-5234.
  2. Yabuki, Akinori; Chao, Ema E.; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2012-05-01). "Microheliella maris (Microhelida ord. n.), an Ultrastructurally Highly Distinctive New Axopodial Protist Species and Genus, and the Unity of Phylum Heliozoa". Protist. 163 (3): 356–388. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.10.001. ISSN 1434-4610.
  3. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2022-05-01). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259 (3): 487–593. doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7. ISSN 1615-6102. PMC 9010356 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34940909 Check |pmid= value (help).
  4. 4.0 4.1 Bass D, Chao EE, Nikolaev S, et al. (February 2009). "Phylogeny of novel naked Filose and Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea revised". Protist. 160 (1): 75–109. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.07.002. PMID 18952499.
  5. Nikolaev SI, Berney C, Fahrni JF, et al. (May 2004). "The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (21): 8066–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.0308602101. PMC 419558. PMID 15148395.

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