Histionotophorus
References
Histionotophorus bassani is an extinct species of handfish from the Eocene epoch, approximately 56 to 47.8 million years ago. Fossils of this species have been discovered in the renowned Monte Bolca locality in Italy, a site famous for its exceptional preservation of Eocene marine life. 
The classification of Histionotophorus bassani has been subject to revision over time. Initially described as Histiocephalus bassani by De Zigno in 1887, it was later reassigned to the genus Histionotophorus by Eastman in 1904. Subsequent studies, including those by Carnevale and Pietsch in 2010, have provided further insights into its taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships within the handfish family (Brachionichthyidae). 
The Monte Bolca site, where Histionotophorus bassani fossils were found, offers a unique window into ancient marine ecosystems, showcasing a diverse array of fish species that inhabited the Tethys Sea during the Eocene. The discovery of Histionotophorus bassani contributes valuable information to our understanding of the evolutionary history and diversity of handfishes.
Today, handfishes are primarily found in the coastal waters of southern Australia and Tasmania. Notable extant species include the critically endangered Spotted Handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus), known for its distinctive spotted appearance and unique mode of locomotion using its pectoral fins to “walk” on the seafloor.  Another example is the Red Handfish (Thymichthys politus), one of the rarest fish species, with an estimated population of around 100 individuals confined to small reef areas in southeastern Tasmania. 
The evolutionary lineage from ancient species like Histionotophorus bassani to contemporary handfish highlights both the rich history and the current conservation challenges faced by these unique marine creatures.
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