Humdrum
Humdrum is an encoding syntax designed to represent sequential data, especially music notation.[1] In addition to the representation schemes, Humdrum also refers to a series of software tools designed to manipulate data conforming to the Humdrum syntax. This collection of tools is known as the Humdrum Toolkit. The Humdrum Toolkit was first released in 1993.
The Humdrum Syntax[edit]
Humdrum files are written as tab-separated plain ASCII text, with concurrent events occurring on the same line. The layout is meant to resemble a musical score that has been turned sideways.[2] Common-practice music is encoded using the **kern representation, which supports the representation of music-related data such as pitch, duration, articulation, timbre, etc.[3]
Files using the **kern representation scheme can be converted to a number of other music encoding formats, including MIDI, MusicXML, MEI, music21,[4] and MuseData.
The Humdrum syntax served as an inspiration for other music encoding formats such MusicXML,[5] and music21[6][7]
The Humdrum Toolkit[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Huron, David (1997). "Chapter 26: Humdrum and Kern: Selective Feature Encoding". In Selfridge-Field, Eleanor. Beyond MIDI: The Handbook of Musical Codes. MIT Press. pp. 375–401. ISBN 0-262-19394-9. Search this book on
- ↑ Huron, David. "Everything You Need to Know About The Humdrum "**kern" Representation". Humdrum.org. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
This layout is exactly as though the musical score was turned sideways, and notated on a single system.
- ↑ Huron, David (1997). "Chapter 26: Humdrum and Kern: Selective Feature Encoding". In Selfridge-Field, Eleanor. Beyond MIDI: The Handbook of Musical Codes. MIT Press. pp. 375–401. ISBN 0-262-19394-9. Search this book on
- ↑ Cuthbert, Michael Scott. "music21.humdrum". music21: a toolkit for computer-aided musicology. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
- ↑ Good, Michael (2001). "Chapter 8: MusicXML for Notation and Analysis". In Hewlett, Walter B.; Selfridge-Field, Eleanor. The Virtual Score: Representation, Retrieval, Restoration. Computing in Musicology 12. The Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities and MIT Press. pp. 113–124. ISBN 978-0262582094. Search this book on
- ↑ Liu, Sissi (2017). "Chapter 12: Recanonizing "American" Sound and Reinventing the Broadway Song Machine: Digital Musicology Futures of Broadway Musicals". In Hillman-McCord, Jessica. The Virtual Score: Representation, Retrieval, Restoration. Palgrave Mcmillan. pp. 283–308. ISBN 978-3-319-64875-0. Search this book on
- ↑ *Michael Scott Cuthbert; et al. "Interoperable Digital Musicology Research via music21 Web Applications" (PDF). Joint CLARIN-D/DARIAH Workshop at Digital Humanities Conference Hamburg. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
External links[edit]
"The Humdrum Toolkit: Software for Music Research". Retrieved August 10, 2018.
Category:Music notation file formats
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