Ibrahim Hussein Mirza
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Introduction[edit]
Ibrahim Hussein Mirza (Persian: ابراہیم ہسین مرزاح) was a direct descendant of Timur, the Turco-Mongol founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia.Ibrahim Mirza’s father Sultan Awais Mirza served early life in the army of Emperor Babar, the founder of Mughal Empire and the first Mughal Emperor and was given a jagir on Sambhal as reward for his loyalty and contributions. Sultan Awais Mirza also accompanied Emperor Humayan in his re-conquest of Hindustan. This marked the beginning of the noble status that the Mirzaz began to enjoy in the imperial court.
Relationships and lineage of Ibrahim Hussien Mirza[edit]
| Ibrahim Hussein Mirza | |
|---|---|
 Akbarnama - Khan Kilan at Sirohi.jpg The image depicts a miniature painting produced by the Royal workshop to illustrate the account of battle between Akbar and Ibrahim Hussain Mirza in AkbarNama. | |
| Born | |
| 💼 Occupation | |
| 👩 Spouse(s) | Gulrukh Begum |
| 👶 Children | Muzzafar Hussein Mirza |
| 👴 👵 Parent(s) |
|
| 👪 Relatives | Iskandar Mirza |
Father: Sultan Awais Mirza - served early in life in the army of Babar and was given a jagir on the sambal and accompanied Emperor Humayan in his reconquest of Hindustan.
Uncle: Iskander Mirza
Brothers: Total of 3 brothers - Muhammad Hussain Mirza, Musud Mirza, and Aqil Mirza.
Spouse: Daughter of Kamran Mirza (Gulrakh Beghum)
Son: Muzaffar Hussain Mirza
Daughter: Nur-un-Nisa Begum, married to Jehangir in March 1593
Descendent/s: Timur
Early background[edit]
Ibrahim Hussain Mirza along with his brothers held jagirs in the sarker(province) of Sambhal known as modern Rohilkund. Although treated well at the Imperial court, Mirzas seemed to have considered that they were never awarded sufficiently and hence began to sow seeds of revolt in Sambhal. The Mirzas have a rich history of battles against Akbar in which the two forces have fought fiercely against each other.
Battle with the Imperial Army at Gujrat[edit]
When Akbar was busy fighting a battle in Chittoor, Ibrahim Hussain Mirza along with his brother Muhammad Hussain Mirza and his two nephews Shah Mirza and Ulugh Mirza, sowed the seeds of revolt when they marched towards Malwa with their army in 1567. However, they suffered a crushing defeat and were driven out of Malwa by Shahbuddin Ahmed, the viceroy. They eventually fled and sought shelter in Gujarat under the protection of Changez Khan, a powerful nobleman in Gujarat.
Gujrat was originally governed by Mahmud Shah II, the successor of Bahadur Shah who was also an opponent of Humayun. However, Mahmud Shah II was brutally assassinated at the hands of Etimad Khan, another important figure in Gujarat, resulting in the entire management of the province falling into Etimad Khan’s hands. He appointed Mujaffar Shah III as the new successor of the province of Gujarat. Etimad Khan’s biggest opponent was Changez Khan. After Etimad secured a position of power, Changez Khan out of malice devised a plan with another noble Sher Khan Foladi to expel Etimad Khan and divide Gujrat between themselves: the capital and the country south of the Sabarmati falling to the share of Chengaz Khan and the north to Sher Khan Foladi. They raised an army and marched towards Ahmedabad where Etimad Khan was defeated and forced to flee with the King to Modasa, whereas Chengaz Khan took possession of the capital.
Ibrahim Mirza along with his brother and nephews took refuge under Changez Khan during the ongoing battle and the Skirmishes between Changez Khan and Etimad Khan fled back to Malwa and besieged Ujjain. Akbar on hearing this news was vengeful. His first course of action was to send Kalij Khan to Malwa to regain control of the fort. Mirza on hearing the news, rushed back to Gujrat.
In Gujrat, Chengiz Khan who was now in control, was killed by Jajhar Habshi called Bijli Khan in a dispute over the kingship of Cambay. The death of Chengaz Khan brought to Gujarat a new wave of chaos and confusion. Ibrahim Mirza along with his brother taking advantage of this, marched south and fought his way through Baroda, Broach, Cambey, and Surat, the former three falling in the hands of Ibrahim Mirza while the latter in the hands of his brother Mahmud Hussain Mirza.
Etimad Khan and Muzaffar Shah III too in an attempt to gain control of the situation, send a letter to Akbar pleading for his help and asking him to take the situation into his own hand. Akbar responded at once and raised a large army with his foster brother and the son of his dead minister Atka Khan: Mirza Aziz.
In 1572 Akbar rushed to Ahmedabad-the capital with his army, Mirza Aziz, Khan-iKilan, and Qutbuddin Atka- the last two being the uncles of Aziz khani-azam. He entered the city without any serious opposition. The nominal King of Gujarat Muzaffar Shah was found hidden in a cornfield, the royal umbrella and canopy being picked up near a hedge where they had been abandoned. Muzaffar Shah surrendered his throne and was sent to Delhi as a state guest meanwhile Khan-Azam was appointed the governor of Gujarat and Mirza was exterminated by Akbar and he himself proceeded towards Cambay.
Events after the battle with Akbar[edit]
In the month of December 1572 Akbar for the first time laid his eyes on the sea at Cambay: an event which is many times compared to the first sight of a Canopus by Babar. From there one section of the imperial army led by Raja Bhagwandas, Kalij Khan, and Kunvar man Singh is ordered by Akbar to proceed towards surat-the region under the control of Ibrahim Mirza’s brother: Hussain Mirza, from the side of Malwa. But while Akbar was at Broach with the army, Ibrahim Mirza left the palace and raised a disturbance in Akbar’s royal camp.
News also arrived that Ibrahim Mirza had killed Rustam Khan. Akbar was furious. He immediately Summoned Sayyid Mahmud Barha to join his force against Ibrahim Mirza and the two forces met in the town of Sarnal. Akbar with a small force said to be not much more than 100 pursued Ibrahim Mirza at great speed. The first encounter between Ibrahim Mirza and Akbar was at the bank of river Sarnal. Ibrahim with his 2000 troopers encountered Akbar with his 100 soldiers and a furious battle began which resulted in a mighty and glorious victory for Akbar. On losing to Akbar, Mirza took refuge in Sirohi while his wife Gulrukh begum with their son, Muzaffar Hussein Mirza, and 500 slave girls left for Dakan (before the royal troops could take hold of them). Meanwhile, after a siege of one month and 17 days, Surat surrendered in 1573.
Events nearing Ibrahim Hussien Mirza's death:[edit]
Ibrahim Mirza in one of his battles encountered another figure called Hassan Khan Takriah. Hassan Khan Takhria, commonly considered a madman, for a long time engaged in fights with rebel Afghans and with the Hindus of the lower Himalayas Ranges in the country known as Kumaon. On hearing the news of Ibrahim Mirza being in Sambhal, he proceeded to attack him there. Ibrahim Mirza besieged Bans Bareli, capital of Sambhal for a short time. On this news, the royal Amirs at Sambhal were shaken by fear and desperately waited for Hasan Khan Takriah -a noble warrior's arrival to secure their safety. Ibrahim Mirza was eventually pushed to Ganges by Hasan khan and then was chased to Lahore from Sirhind.
On hearing this news another figure Mirza Husain Kuli khan who was on chase of Ibrahim Mirza for a long time, at once attacked Mirza's army and defeated him in Tulamba about 80 miles from Multan while Mirza Ibrahim fled.
Hasan khan pressed Husain Kuli khan to chase Mirza Ibrahim further but he refused so Hasan khan left with few men and marched towards Mirza Ibrahim. The Mirza fled with a few followers and in the meantime, looted caravans coming from Gujrat and enjoyed great wealth.
Death[edit]
Once he reached Multan, he wanted to cross Khara but since it was night time and no boat was found, he decided to camp on the river’s bank. He was attacked by some Jhils -Multan peasants, (some accounts narrate that he was attacked by the tribe of Jhabels (fishermen)) and showered with arrows. One of the arrows hit his throat, and despite this, he attempted to seek refuge in the adobe of a Darvesh. However, he was recognized by people who were accompanying him in his flee and was taken to the Governor of Multan, Said Khan Chaghata. Later, Mirza naturally died in the captivity of Said Khan due to severe illness.
300 of his followers who were captured and taken prisoner were brought before the emperor with skins of hogs and dogs covering their faces. Some were tortured to death while others were set free.
References[edit]
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