Illegal immigration to the United States and crime
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Crime committed by, and on, illegal immigrants to the Unites States is a fraught issue. Violent crimes committed by, and on, illegal immigrants often draw significant media and political attention, despite the fact that illegal immigrants are far less likely than native-born Americans to commit crimes. Nevertheless, the attention drawn by such crimes can have a significant political impact.
Research[edit]
Crimes committed[edit]
Studies of immigration and crime almost unanimously agree that, like legal immigrants, illegal immigrants to the United States have lower rates of crime than the native-born population.[1]
According to immigration analyst Alex Nowrasteh, Texas is the only state that tracks illegal immigrants by the specific crime committed. The Texas data for 2016 showed that rate of murder convictions in 2016 was 3.2 per 100,000 native-born Americans, 0.9 for every 100,000 legal immigrants and 1.8 per 100,000 illegal immigrants.[2][3]
A study of crime in Texas in 2015 showed that illegal immigrants to Texas had higher rates of conviction for the low-incidence crimes of kidnapping, smuggling, gambling, and vagrancy than legal residents of the state.[4]
A great deal of public and political attention has nevertheless been focused on crimes committed by illegal immigrants.[5][6]
Others[edit]
A 2016 study of an effort to reduce crime in North Carolina by identifying and deporting illegal immigrants showed no correlation between increased deportation enforcement and local crime rates.[7]
Procedures[edit]
Sanctuary cities[edit]
Crimes committed by illegal immigrants who had previously been arrested or convicted of crimes have been a focus of particular attention.[6][8] Discussion has been particularly intense when an illegal alien has been arrested for a minor offense and is known to be in the country illegally is released because the jurisdiction where he was arrested is a sanctuary city that limits police cooperation with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE,) and goes on to commit a new crime.[6][9] Examples include the 2018 Tulare County spree shooting, where the suspect had previously served time in American prisons and been deported twice before being arrested on a misdemeanor and released under California Sanctuary Law SB54 the day before he killed 3 and wounding 7 in a spree shooting.[10]
Laws and regulations[edit]
Special Order 40 (1979)[edit]
Special Order 40 is a directive issued jointly by the Los Angeles City Council and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) under Chief Daryl Gates and the Los Angeles City Council in 1979 prohibiting officers of the LAPD officers from questioning individuals for the sole purpose of whether they were in the United States legally.[11] The Special Order was the center of controversy following the 2008 Murder of Jamiel Shaw II by a perpetrator who was a member of the 18th Street gang and an illegal immigrant to the United States.[12][13][14][15] An effort to put a repeal measure on the ballot in 2009 failed.[16] Police Commissioner William Bratton successfully opposed rescinding the Special Order.[11]
Arizona SB 1070 (2010)[edit]
The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (Arizona SB 1070,) was enacted by the Arizona legislature in 2010 as a response to broad public dislike of illegal immigration among Arizona voters, and by a widespread belief that a great deal of crime was being committed by illegal immigrants that persisted despite a scholarly consensus that illegal immigrants commit proportionately fewer crimes than American citizens.[17] Public support for the bill was driven by the March 2010 murder of Arizona rancher Robert Krentz.[17]
Texas Senate Bill 4 (2017)[edit]
Texas Senate Bill 4 was enacted in 2017 to block municipalities in Texas form becoming sanctuary cities, that is, to prevent local authorities from refusing to cooperate with federal authorities in enforcing immigration laws by directing police and court officials not to question persons accused of crimes about their immigration status and to ignore requests by federal authorities to hold individuals who are in the country illegally and have been arrested for minor crimes for deportation.[18] Texas Senate Bill 4 also allows police officers to check the immigration status of those they detain if they choose.[18][19]
Political debate[edit]
2016 Presidential election[edit]
In July 2015, early in his Presidential campaign, Trump invited what he terms Angel Families, families who have had a member killed by an illegal immigrant to meet with him. Some had lost relatives in road accidents, others were shot or stabbed, but all had family members who died due to actions taken by what Trump describes as people who never should have been in the U.S. in the first place. The Remembrance Project, a nonprofit that works to draw attention to the victims of crimes committed by illegal immigrants, helped the campaign locate families of victims.[20]
During the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, a political advertisement showing mugshots of illegal immigrants who committed violent crimes in the U.S. alternate with footage of candidate Jeb Bush saying, "Yeah, they broke the law, but it's not a felony.... It's an act of love,"[21][22] is regarded as having played a role in Bush's withdrawal from the race.[23] At a May 2016 campaign rally, Donald J. Trump told an audience that illegal immigrants “Raped, sodomized and killed" Americans.[24]
Jamiel Shaw, Sr., the father of a high school student murdered by an illegal immigrant in 2008, became a spokesman for the Trump campaign.[25]
Trump presidency[edit]
During his Presidency, Donald Trump has repeatedly asserted that crimes committed by illegal immigrants to the United States make the construction of a wall along the U. S. - Mexico border an urgent necessity. However, the factual assertions about crimes committed by illegal immigrants Trump offered to support his assertions were regularly shown to be inaccurate.[26][27]
2018 midterm election[edit]
"One Nation," a political nonprofit supporting Republican candidates produced, an ad showing a masked, knife-wielding man with a voice saying, “We need tough immigration enforcement to keep dangerous criminals out.”[24] Other ads criticized sanctuary cities, something Matt Gorman, spokesman for the National Republican Congressional Committee, said that many Americans oppose.[24]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Horowitz, Carl (May 1, 2001). "An Examination of U.S. Immigration Policy and Serious Crime". Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
- ↑ Nowrasteh, Alex (August 22, 2018). "The Murder of Mollie Tibbetts and Illegal Immigrant Crime". Cato Institute. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
- ↑ Nowrasteh, Alez (March 12, 2018). "Everything is Bigger in Texas — except the illegal immigrant crime rate". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
- ↑ Scott Horsley (22 June 2018). "FACT CHECK: Trump, Illegal Immigration And Crime". National Public Radio. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ↑ Klein, Ann; Smith, Mitch (August 22, 2018). "Killing of Mollie Tibbetts in Iowa Inflames Immigration Debate". New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Littlefield, Christina (July 24, 2015). "Sanctuary cities: How Kathryn Steinle's death intensified the immigration debate". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
- ↑ Forrester, Andrew, and Alex Nowrasteh. Do Immigration Enforcement Programs Reduce Crime?: Evidence from the 287(g) Program in North Carolina. Cato Institute, 2018, www.jstor.org/stable/resrep16983.
- ↑ Mejia, Brittany (January 3, 2019). "In California's Red Counties, Sheriffs Decry Sanctuary Laws After Crime Spree, Cop Killing". Governing. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
- ↑ CARMEN GEORGE (December 19, 2018). "Tulare County sheriff after rampage: Laws should be changed to better communicate with ICE". Fresno Bee. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
Garcia-Ruiz has a known criminal past. The sheriff’s office said he received a one-year jail sentence and 36 months probation in 2003, after facing criminal charges in 2002, including armed robbery in Fresno, and assault with a deadly weapon in Reedley.
- ↑ Farzan, Antonia Noori (20 December 2018). "After a shooting suspect's 'reign of terror,' a California sheriff blames the state's sanctuary law". Washington Post. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Mariel Garza (April 14, 2008). "Bratton: Special Order 40 not going anywhere". Los Angeles Daily News. Archived from the original on October 14, 2008.
- ↑ Blankstein, Andrew; Winton, Richard (9 April 2008). "Ask and deport, family urges; Their son's alleged killer, in the U.S. illegally, was let out of jail onto the streets". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ↑ Steinhauer, Jennifer (15 May 2008). "Immigration and Gang Violence Propel Crusade". New York Times. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ↑ Kim, Victoria (May 10, 2012). "Gang member convicted of murdering Los Angeles High football star". Los Angeles Times.
- ↑ Lowery, Wesley (2 November 2012). "Gang member sentenced to die in star athlete's killing". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ↑ Willon, Phil (12 December 2008). "'Jamiel's Law' misses ballot". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Archibold, Randal (19 June 2010). "On Border Violence, Truth Pales Compared to Ideas". New York Times. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Svitek, Patrick (May 7, 2017). "Texas Gov. Greg Abbott Signs "Sanctuary Cities" Bill into Law". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
- ↑ Mansoor, Sanya; Pollock, Cassandra (May 8, 2017). "Everything You Need to Know About Texas' "Sanctuary Cities" Law". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
- ↑ Yee, Vivian (25 June 2017). "For Grieving Parents, Trump Is 'Speaking for the Dead' on Immigration". New York Times. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ↑ Richardson, Bradford (August 31, 2015). "Trump rips Bush over 'act of love' remarks on illegal immigration". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 20, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
- ↑ Warren, Michael (August 31, 2015). "Trump Hits Jeb on 'Act of Love'". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
- ↑ Saddiqui, Sabina (February 21, 2016). "Fall of the House of Bush". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Tanfani, Joseph; Lange, Jason; Stein, Letitia (26 October 2018). "Special Report: How Republicans are using immigration to scare voters to the polls". Reuters. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ↑ McKnight, Michael (2 May 2017). "How the murder of a high school football star became a rallying cry on Trump's campaign trail". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ↑ Thomas, Craig (February 15, 2019). "KOLD INVESTIGATES: Is MS-13 a problem in southern Arizona?". KOLD-TV. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
- ↑ Rizzo, Salvador (January 7, 2019). "The Trump administration's misleading spin on immigration, crime and terrorism". Washington Post. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
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