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Indigenous Peoples Memorial

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Indigenous Peoples Memorial
Memorial dos Povos Indígenas
LocationBrasília, Brazil
DesignerOscar Niemeyer
Dedicated toThe Brazilian indigenous culture
WebsiteMemorial dos Povos Indígenas

The Indigenous Peoples Memorial (Portuguese: Memorial dos Povos Indígenas) is a Brazilian museum, cultural center, and research institution dedicated to Brazilian indigenous culture. It is located in Brasília, in the Civic-Administrative Zone of the Monumental Axis, between the JK Memorial and the Praça do Buriti, in front of the Legislative Chamber of the Federal District.[1]

It was idealized by anthropologists Berta Gleizer Ribeiro and Darcy Ribeiro and had its project designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer and finished being built in 1987. After having the building transformed into a Museum of Modern Art before it opened in 1987, it was closed for many years, but in 1999 it reestablished its activities.

History[edit]

The Indigenous Peoples Memorial was built in 1987, funded by the Banco do Brasil Foundation, on land donated by Terracap on the Eixo Monumental. Its design, by Oscar Niemeyer, was inspired by the architecture of the collective round malocas, the yano, of the Yanomami people.

However, before it opened, the well-located building was transformed into a Museum of Modern Art, opening with an exhibition by Venezuelan artist Armando Reverón. The indigenous leaders then began the struggle to reclaim the space that was created for them, and were supported by segments of the city. After several protests, the building became deactivated, and in 1989 it was transferred to the Federal Government, which kept it without any use.

Only in 1995 did the Federal Government return the space to the District Government, which began to receive works for the retaking of the space. On the Indian Day of that year, representatives of the Karajá, Kuikuro, Terena and Xavante tribes held a ceremony to retake the space, with the presence of Darcy Ribeiro, one of the creators of the space. But the space remained partially abandoned until 1999, when it was definitively reopened on April 16, with a ceremony attended by 55 Upper Xingu Indians, Chief Aritana Yawalapiti, and other indigenous and local leaders, such as Governor Joaquim Roriz. For his personal commitment to the opening of the space and for his leadership, Aritana received the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit, the highest decoration of the Federal District.[2]

In 2020, more than 31,000 people visited the museum, averaging 2,500 visitors per month.[3][4]

Architecture[edit]

Indigenous art made on the walls in 2015

The structure of the museum is compared to a modernist taba, inspired by his master, the Frenchman Le Corbusier, Niemeyer brought the lightness of the curve to concrete, which his mentor insisted on being straight. An example of this is the Memorial building, a circular building inspired by the taba of the Yanomami peoples, with only one continuous water, open on the outside.

The reinforced concrete structure, formed by a curved, sloping gallery (exhibition area and auditorium), on the inside of the memorial is covered by glass that allows a view of the internal arena, currently used for indigenous presentations and rituals. The constructed area is approximately 1600 square meters, with a diameter of seventy meters.[4]

Spaces[edit]

The museum has an exhibition space, a restoration laboratory, a telecenter, with the official name Mário Juruna Digital Station, aimed at digital inclusion and research, a space for holding events with capacity for 300 people, and an outdoor garden with capacity for 1,000 people, as well as an arena for indigenous rituals.[4]

Tomb[edit]

The memorial was listed by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute in 2007, the year architect Oscar Niemeyer turned 100 years old.[5]

Collection[edit]

Exhibition of pieces of the Wayana-Aparaí people.

The Memorial has about 380 works, pieces representative of various Brazilian peoples, such as specimens from the collections of Berta Gleizer Ribeiro and Darcy Ribeiro, Eduardo Galvão, Orlando Villas-Boas, and other researchers, including the Urubu-Kaapor feather art, wooden benches of the Yawalapiti, Kuikuro and Juruna, masks and musical instruments from the Upper Xingu and Amazonas.[6]

Management[edit]

Interior view of the memorial

According to the Official Gazette of the Federal District, Sandra Inga Wellington was nominated to exercise the Position in Commission, of Manager of the Management of the Indigenous Peoples' Museum, of the Directorate of Historical and Artistic Heritage, of the Secretariat of State for Culture and Creative Economy of the Federal District, on February 1st, 2003 and February 12th, 2007, proving that she was the first manager of the Indigenous Peoples' Memorial.

On May 9, 2007, Marcos Terena took over the direction of the Indigenous Peoples' memorial: It was the first time that an Indian had managed the memorial. The inauguration took place on the date when the International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples is celebrated: August 9. Terena became the main responsible for the collection, which, among other treasures, holds the collection of indigenous pieces of the former senator and anthropologist Darcy Ribeiro, acquired during his trips to the Amazon and other expeditions throughout the country.

Marcos Terena took over the memorial without a pre-established budget, but "with the willingness to make it possible for the museum to function better. According to Marcos Terena, his initial actions would be to seek partnerships with other entities. "There is a great demand from people who want to sponsor intercultural events in the space," he said.

References[edit]

  1. "Memorial dos Povos Indígenas - MPI". Museusbr.
  2. CRIATIVA, SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DE CULTURA E. ECONOMIA. "Memorial dos Povos Indígenas". SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DE CULTURA E ECONOMIA CRIATIVA (in português). Retrieved 2022-03-08.
  3. "David Terena: 'A cultura do índio é do Brasil'". Agência Brasília (in português). 2020-02-14. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Memorial dos Povos Indígenas – GOVERNO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL" (in português). Retrieved 2022-03-08.
  5. "Ministério da Cultura - MinC » Uma galeria para Niemeyer". web.archive.org. 2008-09-12. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
  6. "Preservação e dinamização do Memorial Dos Povos Indígenas". CTI (in português). Retrieved 2022-03-08.

External links[edit]

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