Informal Sport
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Informal Sport
Characteristics
Informal sport was described by Bach.[1] in the 1980s as a considerable segment of sporting activities that weren't officially organized (as in sports clubs), nor conducted in official sports facilities (p. 282). Elsewhere, informal sport has been defined as recognizable traditional sporting forms, played by groups who are not affiliated to sporting bodies or pay membership fees and typically self-organize their participation [2][3]. Informal sport has also been used as a term that describes lifestyle, action, pick-up and social sporting forms [4].
Informal sport can be characterized as possessing the following qualities: 1) it is recognizable as sport-related. 2) participants are not members of formal competitive sporting clubs, organizations or associations. 3) the participant has a degree of flexibility and autonomy over their participation. 4) the participation has a degree of regularity and cultural identity attached to it.
Examples of informal sport emerging from traditional sources: Park soccer, street basketball, park cricket, pick-up netball, park volleyball [5], bunch road cycling [6].
Examples of informal sport emerging as forms of resistance to formal sport: skateboarding, parkour, surfing, extreme sports[7]
History
Sport has been around for thousands of years and prior to its codification, sport was likely performed on an informal level, emerging from rituals, warfare (military training) and entertainment History of sport. Consequently, informal sport has been around at least as long as formal sport.
More recently, scholars have discussed informal sport as emerging out of a form of resistance to formal sport, a form of counter-sport culture. From this perspective, informal sport can be seen as something extreme, fringe or 'alternate' to sport [7]. Other scholars discuss how in primarily Western societies, post-modernity and the rise of individualism has eroded the formal structures of traditional sport and afforded the opportunity for people to more readily determine the type, place, and timing of their participation, leading to a rise in self-organisation[6] [7]. Informal participation is the major form of sport participation for many countries and cultures that simply don't have access (or need) to codified and formalised forms of sport.
The notion of informality suggests that informal and formal sport are not distinct from each other or readily positioned at opposite ends of a dichotomy. Informal sports, like other informal activities found in society, are likely entangled within the functions of the state (formal sporting structures) rather than comprising something that is purely unregulated by it [8]
Contemporary Interest
Informal sporting forms have been identified as an emerging mega-trend within the global sporting landscape as people look to fit sport into their increasingly time-poor, fragmented and busy lifestyles with a greater priority on personal well-being [9]. Informal sport is considered to play an important role in overall physical activity levels, mental health and social connectivity [9] [10] [5].
Relationship with formal sport
References
- ↑ Bach, L (1993). "Sports without Facilities: The Use of Urban Spaces by Informal Sports". International review for the sociology of sport. 28: 2–3. doi:10.1177/101269029302800214.
- ↑ Jeanes, Ruth; Spaaij, Ramon; Penney, Dawn; O'Connor, Justen (2019). "Managing informal sport participation: tensions and opportunities". International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 11 (1): 79–95. doi:10.1080/19406940.2018.1479285.
- ↑ Jeanes, Ruth; Penney, Dawn; O'Connor, Justen; Spaaij, Ramon; O'Hara, Eibhlish; Magee, Jonathan; Lymbery, Lisa (2022). "Spatial justice, informal sport and Australian community sports participation". Leisure Studies. doi:10.1080/02614367.2022.2085772.
- ↑ Wheaton, B; O'Loughlin, A (2017). "Informal sport, institutionalisation, and sport policy: Challenging the sportization of parkour in England". International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 9 (1): 71–88. doi:10.1080/19406940.2017.1291533.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Jeanes, R; Penney, D; O'Connor, J; Spaaij, R; Magee, J; O'Hara, E; Lymbery, L. "Informal Sport as a Health and Social Resource for Diverse Young People". Monash University. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 O'Connor, Justen; Brown, Trent (2007). "Real Cyclists Don't Race: Informal Affiliations of the Weekend Warrior". International review for the sociology of sport. 42 (1): 83–97. doi:10.1177/1012690207081831.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Wheaton, Belinda (2004). Understanding Lifestyle Sport: Consumption, Identity and Difference. Oxfordshire: Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. ISBN 9780415259552. Search this book on
- ↑ Haid, C; Hildbrandt, H. "Urban Informality and the State: Geographical Translations and Conceptual Alliances". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 43 (3): 551–562. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12700.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hajkowicz, S.A.; Cook, H.; Wilhelmseder, L.; Boughen, N. (2013). "The Future of Australian Sport: Megatrends shaping the sports sector over coming decades. A Consultancy Report for the Australian Sports Commission". CSIRO. Belconnen, ACT. doi:10.4225/08/584af378bffe1.
- ↑ Gilchrist, Paul; Wheaton, Belinda (2017). "The social benefits of informal and lifestyle sports: a research agenda". International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 9 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1080/19406940.2017.1293132.
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