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International Metabolic Institute

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


International Metabolic Institute
AbbreviationIMI
TypeNGO
Location
Websitehttp://metabolicinstitute.org/

International Metabolic Institute (IMI) is an organization that focuses its work on the issue of the Metabolic syndrome.

International Metabolic Institute[edit]

To provide the most appropriate and accurate solutions for the prevention of the problem, IMI works together with endocrinology institutes, metabolic diseases institutes, and with various research organizations. IMI processes and analyzes scientific studies in the field. It creates its own database of clinical trials and information for patients, in order to provide the most appropriate and accurate solutions for prevention of metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome[edit]

According to the World Health Organization, high serum triglyceride level, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and elevated fasting blood glucose are four of the five risk factors (three out of the five required) for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.[1]. Metabolic syndrome is associated with subclinical low grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysbiosis and it has been suggested that the gut microbiota could be a target for nutraceuticals. In this regard, some medicinal mushrooms (reishi, shiitake,maitake, lion’s mane) vitamins and super green foods (Arthrospira platensis, Salvia officinalis, Camellia sinensis, Chlorella vulgaris) could help in prevention of metabolic syndrome.

Mission[edit]

The scientists in International Metabolic Institute believe that people with metabolic syndrome deserve appropriate solution for their specific situation. Because of that the institute focuses on providing quality and reliable help.[2]

The main purpose of the International Metabolic Institute is to improve the quality of life of people suffering from metabolic syndrome. In order to achieve that, the institute works constantly on discovering and delivering solutions for reducing the risk of complications related to that kind of syndrome.

Products[edit]

The specialists in the IMI continuously develop and change their product in accordance with the latest researches in the field. The accurate data analysis and scientific validation provide quality and ongoing patient support.

The academics in IMI study and develop products that reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome consisting all natural ingredients such as healing eastern mushrooms Reishi, Shiitake, Maitake. Those are proven to provide numerous health and cardiovascular benefits for the body.

Reishi[edit]

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) is a wood-degrading basidiomycete which has been used extensively as "the mushroom of immortality" in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2000 years. The mushroom extract demonstrates numerous pharmacological effects. The basidiocarp, mycelia and spores of Ganoderma lucidum contain approximately 400 different bioactive compounds, which mainly include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, nucleotides, sterols, steroids, fatty acids, proteins/peptides and trace elements which has been reported to have a number of pharmacological effects including immunomodulation, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, chemo-preventive, antitumor, chemo and radio protective, sleep promoting, antibacterial, antiviral (including anti-HIV), hypolipidemic, anti-fibrotic, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-androgenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-herpetic, antioxidative and radical-scavenging, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, estrogenic activity and anti-ulcer properties. Ganoderma lucidum has now become recognized as an alternative adjuvant in the treatment of leukemia, carcinoma, hepatitis and diabetes [3].

Shiitake[edit]

Shiitake is widely used in addition to the therapies against: cancer; diabetes; allergies; fungal infections; diseases of the Immune System (including AIDS); Flu and cold; Upper respiratory tract infections; Cardiovascular diseases and others.

The immunostimulatory activity of Shiitake is due to the unique polysaccharide Lentinan. Like Reishi, Shiitek's immunostimulatory activity is directly related to its antitumor function. The carcinomatostatic effect of lentinan is the result of activation of the host immune system, namely β-D-glucan binds to receptors located on lymphocyte surfaces or to serum specific proteins that activate cytotoxic macrophages, NK cells and other effector cells. They all increase secretion of antibodies, such as interleukins (IL-1, IL-2) and interferon (IFN-γ) [4]. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that lentinan activates the expression of MHC II, CD80 / CD86 and Toll-like receptors (TLR2 / TLR4) involved in the immune response [5]. Lentinan causes a cascade of reactions leading to the activation of an immune response, while serving as a bridge that coordinates the activation of innate and acquired immunity. Lentinan suppresses the synthesis of prostaglandins and immunosuppressive substances that inhibit T-cell differentiation in humans and animals. [6]

Maitake[edit]

Numerous studies involving biologically active molecules isolated from the healing mushroom Maitake confirm its positive effects on immune system functions. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]. Maitake promotes activation of macrophages and activates various other cells, such as natural killers (NK) and cytotoxic T-cells (TC), which are the major defense against cancerous and virus-infected cells. Maitake increases secretion of interleukin-1, interleukin-2, and lymphokines. The end of this cascade is increased protection against infections, AIDS and cancer. The polysaccharide D-fraction of Maitake has a pronounced anti-tumor effect represented by tumor growth inhibition, localized in the colon, lung, stomach, liver, prostate, brain and other organs.

Researchers have identified several mechanisms through which Maitake counteracts carcinogenesis. [13] [14] [15]:[16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]

Coenzyme Q10[edit]

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a substance similar to a vitamin. It is found in every cell of the body. Body makes CoQ10, and cells use it to produce energy that body needs for cell growth and maintenance. It also functions as an antioxidant, which protects the body from damage caused by harmful molecules. CoQ10 is naturally present in small amounts in a wide variety of foods, but levels are particularly high in organ meats such as heart, liver, and kidney, as well as beef, soy oil, sardines, mackerel, and peanuts.

Coenzyme Q10 is beneficial for heart health in many ways. It assists in maintaining the normal oxidative state of LDL cholesterol, helps assure circulatory health, and supports optimal functioning of the heart muscle. CoQ10 may also help support the health of vessel walls. [24]

  • What is CoQ10 used for?

Many claims are made about CoQ10. It is said to help heart failure, as well as cancer, muscular dystrophy, and periodontal disease. It is also said to boost energy and speed recovery from exercise. Some people take it to help reduce the effects certain medicines can have on the heart, muscles, and other organs.

Conjugated linoleic acid[edit]

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogen, and anti-catabolite, as well as a powerful immune system enhancer. Some of the common accolades of CLA are assistance in fat burning, building and retention of lean muscle, and is a cancer fighter. [25]

Taking conjugated linoleic acid along with ramipril seems to reduce blood pressure more than ramipril alone in people with uncontrolled high blood pressure. Taking conjugated linoleic acid by mouth daily might help decrease body fat in adults, but it does not seem to decrease body weight or body mass index (BMI) in most people. Conjugated linoleic acid might reduce feelings of hunger, but it’s not clear if this leads to reduced caloric intake. While conjugated linoleic acid might help reduce body weight, some research shows that taking a particular form of conjugated linoleic acid might increase risk factors for type 2 diabetes and heart disease. [26]

Some of the most known suggested benefits of CLA supplementation include:

Red Yeast Rice[edit]

This type of rice has various amounts of naturally occurring substances called monacolines. Monacolin K also known as lovastatin or mevinolin with LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol lowering properties - is the main monacolin in Monascus purpureus-fermented rice (75-90 % of total monacolin content).

There are also other active ingredients in red yeast rice that may affect blood cholesterol including sterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sapogenin), isoflavones, and monounsaturated fatty acids.

Generations of Chinese have taken red yeast rice to soothe upset stomach, diarrhea and indigestion. Improved circulation of blood is one of the potential benefits of taking red yeast rice, though there have been no in-depth studies conducted to prove this claim, according to Medline Plus of the National Institutes of Health. [27]

Melatonin[edit]

Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland, a small gland in the brain. Melatonin helps control sleep and wake cycles. [28] Very small amounts of it are found in foods such as meats, grains, fruits, and vegetables.

The body has its own internal clock that controls the natural cycle of sleeping and waking hours. In part, body clock controls how much melatonin body makes. Normally, melatonin levels begin to rise in the mid- to late evening, remain high for most of the night, and then drop in the early morning hours.

Light affects how much melatonin the body produces. During the shorter days of the winter months, body may produce melatonin either earlier or later in the day than usual. This change can lead to symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), or winter depression. Natural melatonin levels slowly drop with age. Some older adults make very small amounts of it or none at all. [29]

L-Carnitine[edit]

L-carnitine is an amino acid (a building block for proteins) that is naturally produced in the body. L-carnitine is used for conditions of the heart and blood vessels including heart-related chest pain, congestive heart failure (CHF), heart complications of a disease called diphtheria, heart attack, leg pain caused by circulation problems (intermittent claudication), and high cholesterol. Some people use L-carnitine for muscle disorders associated with certain AIDS medications, difficulty fathering a child (male infertility). L-carnitine helps the body produce energy. It is important for heart and brain function, muscle movement, and many other body processes.[30]

Acetyl-L-Carnitine supplementation is also a very safe method of improving insulin sensitivity [31] and blood vessel health, particularly for people with delicate or weakened cardiac health. [32][33]

Omega-3 fatty acids[edit]

Omega-3 fatty acids are incredibly important.They are a family of polyunsaturated fats that we must get from the diet. They can have all sorts of powerful health benefits for the body and brain.[34]

Prediabetes means that the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not yet high enough to be type 2 diabetes. Without lifestyle changes, people with prediabetes are very likely to progress to type 2 diabetes. There's good news, however. Progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes isn't inevitable. Eating healthy foods, incorporating physical activity in daily routine, maintaining a healthy weight and getting enough sleep can help bring blood sugar level back to normal.

Omega-3 fatty acids:

  • Can Fight Depression and Anxiety;[35]
  • Improve Eye Health;[36]
  • Are crucial for brain growth and development; [37]
  • Can Improve Risk Factors For Heart Disease; [38]
  • Can Reduce Symptoms of ADHD; [39]
  • Can Reduce Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrom; [40]
  • Can Fight Inflammation; [41]
  • Can Fight Autoimmune Diseases;
  • Can Fight Age-Related Mental Decline;
  • Can Reduce Fat in The Liver;[42]
  • May Improve Bone and Joint Health;
  • May Improve Sleep;
  • Are Good For The Skin.

Activities of IMI[edit]

  • Constant gathering of information from different scientific sources;
  • Development of products that reduce the risk of complications caused by metabolic syndrome;
  • Internal and external validation.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Peluso I., Romanelli L., Palmery M. Interactions between prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols: diet or supplementation for metabolic syndrome prevention? International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2014;65(3):259–267
  2. ↑ International Metabolic Institute http://metabolicinstitute.org/#about-us
  3. ↑ Sanodiya et al., 2009
  4. ↑ Yap, A.T.; Ng, M.L. Immunopotentiating properties of lentinan (1- 3)-􀀁-D-glucan extracted from culinary-medicinal shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer (Agaricomycetideae). Int. J. Med. Mushr., 2003, 5, 352-372.
  5. ↑ Zhou, L.; Zhang, O.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, J.; Cao, Y. The shiitake mushroom-derived immuno-stimulant lentinan protects against murine malaria blood-stage infection by evoking adaptive immuneresponses. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2009, 9, 455-62
  6. ↑ Arinaga S, Karimine N, Takamuku K, Nanbara S, Inoue H, Nagamatsu M, Ueo H, Akiyoshi T. Enhanced induction of lymphokine-activated killer activity after lentinan administration in patients with gastric carcinoma. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1992 May; 14(4):535-9.
  7. ↑ Borchers AT, Stern JS, Hackman RM, et al. Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999;221:281-293.
  8. ↑ Adachi Y, Okazaki M, Ohno N, Yadomae T. Enhancement of cytokine production by macrophages stimulated with (1—>3)-beta-Dglucan, grifolan (GRN), isolated from Grifola frondosa. Biol Pharm Bull 1994;17:1554- 1560.
  9. ↑ Ohno N, Egawa Y, Hashimoto T, et al. Effect of beta-glucans on the nitric oxide synthesis by peritoneal macrophage in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 1996;19:608-612.
  10. ↑ Suzuki I, Itani T, Ohno N, et al. Effect of a polysaccharide fraction from Grifola frondosa on immune response in mice. J Pharmacobiodyn 1985;8:217-226.
  11. ↑ Suzuki I, Hashimoto K, Oikawa S, et al Antitumor and immunomodulating activities of a beta-glucan obtained from liquid-cultured Grifola frondosa. Chem Pharm Bull 1989;37:410-413.
  12. ↑ Kubo K, Nanba H. Modification of cellular immune responses in experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice by maitake (Grifola frondosa). Mycoscience 1998;39:351-360
  13. ↑ Yamada Y, Nanba H, Kuroda H. Antitumor effect of orally administered extracts from fruit body of Grifola frondosa (maitake). Chemotherapy 1990;38:790-796.
  14. ↑ Adachi Y, Ohno N, Ohsawa M, et al. Physiochemical properties and antitumor activities of chemically modified derivatives of antitumor glucan “grifolan LE” from Grifola frondosa. Chem Pharm Bull 1989;37:1838- 1843.
  15. ↑ Mizuno T, Ohsawa K, Hagiwara N, Kuboyama R. Fractionation and characterization of antitumor polysaccharides from maitake, Grifola frondosa. Agric Biol Chem 1986;50:1679-1688.
  16. ↑ Ohno N, Asada N, Adachi Y, Yadomae T. Enhancement of LPS triggered TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) production by (1—>3)-beta-D-glucans in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 1995;18:126-133
  17. ↑ Suzuki I, Itani T, Ohno N, et al. Antitumor activity of a polysaccharide fraction extracted from cultured fruiting bodies of Grifola frondosa. J Pharmacobiodyn 1984;7:492-500.
  18. ↑ Takeyama T, Suzuki I, Ohno N, et al. Hostmediated antitumor effect of grifolan NMF- 5N, a polysaccharide obtained from Grifola frondosa. J Pharmacobiodyn 1987;10:644- 651.
  19. ↑ Ohno N, Adachi Y, Suzuki I, et al. Antitumor activity of a beta-1,3-glucan obtained from liquid cultured mycelium of Grifola frondosa. J Pharmacobiodyn 1986;9:861-864.
  20. ↑ Yang DA. Inhibitory effect of Chinese herb medicine zhuling on urinary bladder cancer. An experimental and clinical study. Chung Hua Wai Ko Tsa Chih 1991;29:393-395,399. [Article in Chinese]
  21. ↑ Suzuki I, Takeyama T, Ohno N, et al. Antitumor effect of polysaccharide grifolan NMF-5N on syngeneic tumor in mice. J Pharmacobiodyn 1987;10:72-77.
  22. ↑ Nanba H, Kubo K. Effect of Maitake Dfraction on cancer prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997;833:204-207.
  23. ↑ Kurashige S, Akuzawa Y, Endo F. Effects of Lentinus edodes, Grifola frondosa and Pleurotus ostreatus administration on cancer outbreak, and activities of macrophages and lymphocytes in mice treated with a carcinogen, N-butyl-N-butanolnitrosoamine. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1997;19:175-183.
  24. ↑ Marcoff, Leo; Thompson, Paul D. (2007-06-12). "The role of coenzyme Q10 in statin-associated myopathy: a systematic review". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49 (23): 2231–2237. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.049. ISSN 1558-3597. PMID 17560286.
  25. ↑ Talbott, Shawn M.; Hughes, Kerry (2007). The Health Professional's Guide to Dietary Supplements. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781746724. Search this book on
  26. ↑ Barrett, E.; Ross, R. P.; Fitzgerald, G. F.; Stanton, C. (2007–2008). "Rapid Screening Method for Analyzing the Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production Capabilities of Bacterial Cultures". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (7): 2333–2337. doi:10.1128/AEM.01855-06. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 1855641. PMID 17277221.CS1 maint: Date format (link)
  27. ↑ Lapi, Francesco; Gallo, Eugenia; Bernasconi, Sara; Vietri, Michele; Menniti-Ippolito, Francesca; Raschetti, Roberto; Gori, Luigi; Firenzuoli, Fabio; Mugelli, Alessandro (2008–2010). "Myopathies associated with red yeast rice and liquorice: spontaneous reports from the Italian Surveillance System of Natural Health Products". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 66 (4): 572–574. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03224.x. ISSN 0306-5251. PMC 2561108. PMID 18637891.CS1 maint: Date format (link)
  28. ↑ Braam, Wiebe; Smits, Marcel G; Didden, Robert; Korzilius, Hubert; Geijlswijk, Ingeborg M Van; Curfs, Leopold M G (2009-05-01). "Exogenous melatonin for sleep problems in individuals with intellectual disability: a meta-analysis". Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 51 (5): 340–349. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03244.x. ISSN 1469-8749.
  29. ↑ Burkhart, Kimberly; Phelps, James R. (December 2009). "Amber lenses to block blue light and improve sleep: a randomized trial". Chronobiology International. 26 (8): 1602–1612. doi:10.3109/07420520903523719. ISSN 1525-6073. PMID 20030543.
  30. ↑ Lopaschuk, G. D.; Gamble, J. (October 1994). "The 1993 Merck Frosst Award. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the heart". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 72 (10): 1101–1109. ISSN 0008-4212. PMID 7882173.
  31. ↑ Kiens, Bente (January 2006). "Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in exercise and insulin resistance". Physiological Reviews. 86 (1): 205–243. doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2004. ISSN 0031-9333. PMID 16371598.
  32. ↑ Lopaschuk, G. D.; Gamble, J. (October 1994). "The 1993 Merck Frosst Award. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the heart". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 72 (10): 1101–1109. ISSN 0008-4212. PMID 7882173.
  33. ↑ Stephens, Francis B.; Constantin-Teodosiu, Dumitru; Greenhaff, Paul L. (2007-06-01). "New insights concerning the role of carnitine in the regulation of fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle". The Journal of Physiology. 581 (Pt 2): 431–444. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.125799. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 2075186. PMID 17331998.
  34. ↑ "Essential Fatty Acids". Linus Pauling Institute. 2014-04-28. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  35. ↑ Bloch, Michael H.; Hannestad, Jonas (2012–2013). "Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Treatment of Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Molecular psychiatry. 17 (12): 1272–1282. doi:10.1038/mp.2011.100. ISSN 1359-4184. PMC 3625950. PMID 21931319.CS1 maint: Date format (link)
  36. ↑ Directorate, Government of Canada,Canadian Food Inspection Agency,Food Import Export and Consumer Protection. "Health Claims". www.inspection.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  37. ↑ Bradbury, Joanne (2011-05-10). "Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): An Ancient Nutrient for the Modern Human Brain". Nutrients. 3 (5): 529–554. doi:10.3390/nu3050529. ISSN 2072-6643. PMC 3257695. PMID 22254110.
  38. ↑ Griffin, Bruce A. (February 2008). "How relevant is the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to cardiovascular disease risk? Evidence from the OPTILIP study". Current Opinion in Lipidology. 19 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282f2e2a8. ISSN 0957-9672. PMID 18196988.
  39. ↑ Richardson, Alexandra J. (April 2006). "Omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD and related neurodevelopmental disorders". International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England). 18 (2): 155–172. doi:10.1080/09540260600583031. ISSN 0954-0261. PMID 16777670.
  40. ↑ Robinson, Lindsay E.; Mazurak, Vera C. (April 2013). "N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: relationship to inflammation in healthy adults and adults exhibiting features of metabolic syndrome". Lipids. 48 (4): 319–332. doi:10.1007/s11745-013-3774-6. ISSN 1558-9307. PMID 23456976.
  41. ↑ Robinson, Lindsay E.; Mazurak, Vera C. (April 2013). "N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: relationship to inflammation in healthy adults and adults exhibiting features of metabolic syndrome". Lipids. 48 (4): 319–332. doi:10.1007/s11745-013-3774-6. ISSN 1558-9307. PMID 23456976.
  42. ↑ Scorletti, E.; Byrne, C. D. (2013). "Omega-3 fatty acids, hepatic lipid metabolism, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease". Annual Review of Nutrition. 33: 231–248. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161230. ISSN 1545-4312. PMID 23862644.


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