Jiao Di
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Comment: A lot of this was copied from Chinese martial arts. — Diannaa (talk) 23:14, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
 A Dunhuang Mural painting depicting a Xiangpu contest during the Tang Dynasty, where both wrestlers are grip-fighting for each other's belt. | |
| Also known as | Jiao li, Xiang pu, Shanxi-style Shuai Jiao |
|---|---|
| Focus | Striking, Grappling, Joint locks, Wrestling |
| Hardness | Full-contact |
| Country of origin |  China |
| Parenthood | Various medieval martial arts used in Warfare during Ancient China |
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jǐao dǐ(角抵), also known as ''horn-butting'', is the earliest Chinese term for ''wrestling''. It is the traditional native 6,000 year-old folk-style wrestling originating in China that was used by the military, where soldiers wore horned headgear to butt and wrestle their enemies in battle, imitating the actions of cattle and oxen fighting with horns. Ancient Chinese legends talk about the legendary deity Yellow Emperor who commanded soldiers who used these techniques. This style of folk wrestling was used by the Yellow Emperor's army in two decisive battles fought against Chi You and the Yan Emperor in modern-day Zhang Jia Kou (張家口) Region in Northern Hebei, to the North-west of Beijing.
According to the Classic of rites, later during the Spring and Autumn period(770-481BCE) and the Warring states period(475-221BCE), a very bloody period of messy warfare and history, Jiao di would evolve into a deadlier martial art known as ''Jiao li''(角力), which would be used by soldiers in the battlefield.
Jiao li supplemented many throwing techniques along with strikes, blocks, joint locks and pressure point attacks. These exercises would be practiced in the winter by soldiers who studied archery and military strategy.
This lineage of native traditional wrestling would be passed down to the Song Dynasty(960-1279 AD), where Emperor Taizu of Song compiled a combat manual of ''48 leg catching techniques'' for soldiers to use in warfare. He called it ''Sheep Wrestling of Naoyang'' . Today, it is known as Song Dynasty Shuai Jiao or Shanxi-style Shuai Jiao, as it is mainly practiced as a local tradition between the provincial capitals Taiyuan and the mining city Datong in Northern Shanxi.
The main characteristic of this wrestling style are leg grabs and sweeps, as traditionally wrestlers wear knee-length pants and leather knee caps.
Wushu Propaganda:
Origins of Asian Martial arts:
Chinese Martial arts originated as a need of self-defense by locals, hunters and military training in Ancient China. Hand-to-hand combat and weapons practice were important in training ancient Chinese soldiers. Movements in Chinese Martial arts often involve imitating the way wild beasts fight, which can often be seen in many of its strikes, stances and pressure point attacks in styles such as the Fujian White Crane and the Eagle Claw(Fu Jow Pai). These animal movements and empty-hand techniques were observed by various chinese martial artists of different styles over time, which developed into deadly, maiming combat techniques. The pressure point system used in Kung-Fu are also based on the Meridian points of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
In 495 CE, a Shaolin temple was constructed on Song Mountain in Henan province. The initial Buddhist monk who propagated Buddhism there was an Indian monk named Buddhabhadra, known as Batuo in Chinese. Historical records suggest that Batuo's first Chinese disciples, Huiguang and Sengchou, possessed exceptional martial skills. For instance, Sengchou's proficiency with the tin staff is documented in the Chinese Buddhist canon. Following Buddhabhadra, another Indian monk named Bodhidharma, also known as Damo in Chinese, arrived at Shaolin to preach Chan Buddhism in 527 CE. His Chinese disciple, Huike, was likewise a highly skilled martial artist. There are indications that these first three Chinese Shaolin monks—Huiguang, Sengchou, and Huike—may have had a military background prior to embracing monastic life.
Chinese Martial arts:
According to legend, Chinese martial arts originated before the semi-mythical Xia Dynasty over 4,000 years ago. It is said that the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi), who ascended to power in 2698 BCE, introduced the earliest fighting systems to China. The Yellow Emperor is renowned as a great general who, prior to becoming China's leader, authored extensive treatises on chinese medicine, astrology, and the martial arts. One of his primary adversaries was Chi You, credited as the progenitor of Jiao di(角抵), also known as ''horn-clashing'', a precursor to modern Chinese wrestling.
The earliest references to Chinese martial arts are found in the Spring and Autumn Annals (5th century BCE),[1] where a hand-to-hand combat theory, one that integrates notions of "hard" and "soft" techniques, is mentioned.[2] A combat wrestling system called juélì or jiǎolì (角力) is mentioned in the Classic of Rites.[3] This combat system included techniques such as strikes, throws, joint manipulation, and pressure point attacks based on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) concepts. The Han History Bibliographies record that, by the Former Han (206 BCE – 8 CE), there was a distinction between no-holds-barred weaponless fighting, which it calls shǒubó (手搏), for which combat manuals had already been written. shǒubó manuals supplemented techniques such as joint locks, pressure point systems also based on Traditional Chinese Medicine concepts, as well as several empty-hand fighting techniques such as the use elbow strikes and the use of forearms in blocking and striking. Sportive wrestling styles such as Jiao di(角抵) and Jiao Li(角力) became popular during the Qin Dynasty(221-206 BC), and it is also documented in the Shǐ Jì, Records of the Grand Historian, written by Sima Qian (ca. 100 BCE)..[4]
In the Tang Dynasty, descriptions of sword dances were immortalized in poems by Li Bai. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, xiangpu(相扑) contests were sponsored by the imperial courts. The modern concepts of wushu were fully developed by the Ming and Qing dynasties.[5]
Pressure points:
The earliest known concept of pressure points are derived from Traditional Chinese Martial arts. During the Shang Dynasty(1766-1046 BCE), acupuncture diagrams were already invented, and pressure point systems were also in use in combat by Chinese soldiers.
References[edit]
- ↑ "Journal of Asian Martial Arts Volume 16". Journal of Asian Martial Arts. Via Media Pub. Co., original from Indiana University: 27. 2007. ISSN 1057-8358.
- ↑ trans. and ed. Zhang Jue (1994), pp. 367–370, cited after Henning (1999) p. 321 and note 8.
- ↑ Classic of Rites. Chapter 6, Yuèlìng. Line 108.
- ↑ Henning, Stanley E. (Fall 1999). "Academia Encounters the Chinese Martial arts" (PDF). China Review International. 6 (2): 319–332. doi:10.1353/cri.1999.0020. ISSN 1069-5834. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-17. Retrieved 2020-07-20. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Sports & Games in Ancient China (China Spotlight Series). China Books & Periodicals Inc. December 1986. ISBN 0-8351-1534-8. Search this book on
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