Jiken (Japanese term)
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- An event that attracts people's interest, such as a conflict, a crime, a commotion, and an accident.[1] There are many cases in which it indicates something like becoming a popular topic of conversation for people.[2] → See Examples in the former sense.
- As a legal term, it means a matter or a case. They call an individual procedure for some kinds of procedures in government agencies 'jiken' and there are times when they are managed by doing things like assigning case numbers. Requests for a residence certificate, information disclosure requests, permit applications, petitions for the correction of a family register, claims for compensation for damages, and criminal investigations, etc. are all cases. In judicial practice, it is also used as an abbreviation for legal cases. → See Examples in the latter sense.
'Jiken' in Japanese[edit]
The word 'jiken' in the Japanese language is constructed from words that express “a matter” and “a case” and originally did not have the meaning of a criminal nature or civil disorderly nature, but there are many times when it is used in the sense of events that have a criminal nature and events that have a civil disorderly nature. There are times when “murder incident/case,” “robbery incident/case,” etc. have both the meanings of 1 and 2.
In cases where the social impact is major even if it is a trivial matter and an accident, there will be times when it is called 'jiken'.
Examples in the former sense[edit]
- Major incident
- Civil disorder incident
- Unsolved case
Examples in the latter sense[edit]
- Classification of a case by crime in police investigations, and its name after building the criminal case
- Murder suspect's case, robbery suspect's case
- Non-contentious case
- Case seeking the correction of a family register
- Criminal case: A case that determines the punishment of an individual by the public authority through a judgment regarding a conflict between the public authority and the individual. Each country's legislature says that conducting a prohibited activity specified in penal laws for the sake of domestic social order is a crime, and it will change to a case in the event that powerful organizations such as the police has become aware of the crime. There are also times when the police carry out the physical restraint of an individual in the event that there is a risk of destruction of evidence. In the event that they were indicted by the prosecutor and a guilty verdict was announced, the sentence will be announced to the defendant and a criminal record will be attached to them.[3] There are murder cases under public prosecution, robbery cases under public prosecution, etc. as typical cases. → Criminal procedure
- Civil case: A case that clarifies the relationship of rights between private individuals through a judgment regarding a conflict between private individuals. There are claims for compensation for damages cases, etc. as typical cases. → Civil lawsuit
- Administrative case → Administrative Case Litigation
- Criminal (i.e. violation) case → Act on General Rules for National Taxes
- Notification case → Notification to the Citizens' Affairs Division (Family Register Act)
- Birth registration/Death notification, Marriage registration/Divorce papers, Notification of transfer of family register/Registration notification
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Great Forest of Words – Third Edition (『大辞林 第三版』 Daijirin Daisanhan)
- ↑ Iwanami Japanese-Language Dictionary – Seventh Edition (『岩波国語辞典 第七版』 Iwanami Kokugo Jiten Dainanahan)
- ↑ "法務省：刑事事件フローチャート" [Ministry of Justice: Criminal Case Flowchart]. www.moj.go.jp (in 日本語). Retrieved 2021-04-06.
External links[edit]
- Courts in Japan Official Website (in Japanese)
- National Police Agency Official Website (in Japanese)
- National Public Safety Commission Official Website (in Japanese)
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