Jingwan System
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| Jingwan System | |
| Hangul | 진관체제 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 鎭管體制 |
| Revised Romanization | Jingwan |
| McCune–Reischauer | Chinguan |
The Jingwan system (Hangul: 진관체제, Hanja: 鎭管体制) or Jingwanbeop (Hangul: 진관법, Hanja: 鎭管法)) was a regional-level national defense system that existed during the Goryeo Dynasty.[1] It is effective in defending against small-scale enemy invasions and inland. As the military service is in disarray, such as the anti-military and defense systems, it is challenging to maintain combat power as the troops' resources decrease. It established barracks in each province and set up the main camp and the geojin and jejin below them, the system commanded by local officials.
Functions[edit]
In 1457 A.D, King Sejo reshuffled the defense system to secure as many defensive fortresses as possible to enhance the defensive depth. Using this strategic composition, a Jinguan fights and defend their provinces, and every province has several independent Jingwans. Under this system, the roles of local commanders were to be stationed at their post, know the local topography inside and out, draft the operation plan, train local soldiers, and defend their defensive quarter through mobilizing their local soldiers in the case of conflict. However, when there's a massive invasion, like the Imjin War, there are not enough soldiers to defend their provinces as it was also a dispersed-force defense system. It requires the concentrated use of forced local forces to defend their defense perimeters, and the Bupiljeoktajinjijobeob rule prevents provinces from coming for each other's aid. They requested military commanders from the central government for support who did not know a familiar province's terrain.[1]
Structure[edit]
The Jinguan is an independent defense unit composed of the following:
- Jujin: Main fortress commanded by a Byeongsa, a provincial military commander who takes charge in a regional defense and gives lower unit commanders orders
- Geojin (巨鎭): Medium-size local administrative units commanded by a Byeongmajeoljesa or Cheomjeoljesa (Geojin Military Commander).
- Jejin (諸鎭): Small local towns commanded by chief local magistrates or a military commander.
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lee, Soon Ho (2011). Military Transformation on the Korean Peninsula: Technology Versus Geography (Thesis). United Kingdom: University of Hull.
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