John Gordon Baugh V
John Gordon Baugh V (born December 10, 1949) is an American academic and the Margaret Bush Wilson Professor in Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, and Professor Emeritus of Education and Linguistics at Stanford University. He is a linguist who taught previously at The University of Texas at Austin, and Swarthmore College. He is a fellow of the Linguistic Society of America, and has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavior Sciences and the Rockefeller Center in Bellagio, Italy. He is a past president of the American Dialect Society, and served as the Edward Sapir professor during the 2019 Linguistic Society of America summer institute.
Baugh is the author and coeditor of twelve books, including Black Street Speech: Its History, Structure, and Survival; Out of the Mouths of Slaves: African American Language and Educational Malpractice; Beyond Ebonics: Linguistic Pride and Racial Prejudice, and Linguistics in Pursuit of Justice.
Education Baugh graduated from Chatsworth High School in Los Angeles and began his undergraduate studies at Taft College, transferring to Temple University where he completed his B.A. in Speech, Rhetoric, and Communication. Baugh began graduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania, earning an M.A. and a Ph.D. in Linguistics under the doctoral supervision of William Labov.
Professional career Baugh’s first academic appointment was as lecturer in Black Studies and Linguistics at Swarthmore College in 1975. He continued teaching part-time at Swarthmore College in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, initially as a lecturer prior to an appointment as Assistant Professor of Sociology and Anthropology, Black Studies, and Linguistics in 1978. The following year he began teaching at The University of Texas at Austin as an Assistant Professor of Linguistics and Foreign Language Education. He was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor with tenure at The University of Texas at Austin in 1984. Baugh moved to Stanford University as Professor of Education and Linguistics in 1990, where he remained until 2005, at which point he joined the faculty of Washington University in St. Louis as the Margaret Bush Wilson Professor in Arts and Sciences, serving five years as director of African and African American Studies, with academic appointments in Psychological and Brain Sciences, Anthropology, Education, English, Linguistics, Philosophy-Neuroscience-Psychology, and Urban Studies.
Board Memberships Baugh is a member of the Board of Directors of the Oracle Education Foundation, and Raising-a-Reader; both based in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was a founding board member of Eastside College Preparatory School in East Palo Alto, California and served for five years as a member of the board for the St. Louis Black Repertory Theater. He is a former vice-chair of the Board of Trustees at the Center for Applied Linguistics in Washington, D.C., and served as a member of the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences of the National Academies of Science, Medicine, and Engineering between 2018 and 2021.
Research
John Baugh is best known for having coined the phrase, “linguistic profiling,” however, his research began under the supervision and influence of highly regarded social scientists. In addition to his linguistic mentor, William Labov, he studied extensively with Anthropological Linguist, Dell Hymes, and Sociologist, Erving Goffman. Baugh’s initial research focused on the language and culture of African Americans. Those studies employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative sociolinguistic methods, gradually expanding to include a combination of Applied Linguistic and Educational Linguistic research, which moved beyond African American populations to include other minority groups in the United States. With long-standing and generous support, primarily from the Ford Foundation, Baugh studied various forms of linguistic discrimination in housing, education, medicine, and the law. That research was initially concentrated in the United States, but it expanded to other countries and regions, including Brazil, the Caribbean, France, South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
The first longitudinal linguistic study of African American adults is described in Baugh’s first book: Black Street Speech: Its History, Structure, and Survival Archived 2021-01-27 at the Wayback Machine. That title was chosen in consultation with those who Baugh interviewed for this project; they often described their vernacular, or most informal, manner of speaking as Street Speech, and that ethnographic depiction was maintained in the book’s title. Out of the Mouths of Slaves: African American Language and Educational Malpractice Archived 2021-06-05 at the Wayback Machine was produced while Baugh was teaching at Stanford University. That book contains a combination of linguistic and educational research, including specific ideas about ways to increase literacy among African Americans, who often fell prey to various forms of educational malpractice. In response to an educational and legal controversy that resulted from a 1996 resolution by the Oakland, California School District to declare Ebonics to be the indigenous language of 27,000 African American students enrolled in that district, Baugh wrote, Beyond Ebonics: Linguistic Pride and Racial Prejudice, in which he debunked many of the misconceptions about the concept of Ebonics as well as some of the ill-conceived educational policies that emerged in the wake of this controversy.
Sociolinguistics John Baugh and Joel Sherzer edited Language in Use, Readings in Sociolinguistics in an effort to provide a volume of exemplary sociolinguistic studies that included a combination of qualitative and quantitative studies of language usage in diverse speech communities. His next editorial collaboration in support of Sociolinguistics resulted in a two volume festschrift in honor of his mentor, William Labov, that was produced under the editorial leadership of Gregory Guy of New York University. Those edited volumes, both titled Towards a Social Science of Language contained several original sociolinguistic studies, each paying tribute to Labov’s formidable influence on the entire field.
Applied Linguistics Some of the best illustrations of Baugh’s applied linguistic research can be found in his book, Out of the Mouths of Slaves: African American English and Educational Malpractice Archived 2021-06-05 at the Wayback Machine, which was written at a time when he served as one of the Directors of Stanford University’s Teacher Education Program. It was due to that assignment that Baugh became concerned about the miseducation of students for whom mainstream Standard American English was not native. Often, these were less fortunate minority students who attended overcrowded and under-resourced public schools in urban and rural communities.
Linguistic Profiling
Baugh’s research on linguistic profiling began quite by accident when he was seeking a place to rent for his family in the San Francisco Bay Area. As a result of some landlords’ decision to deny Baugh the opportunity to rent an apartment, even after he had been given an appointment to see the apartments based on telephone inquiries, he began to conduct a series of experiments that were initially described by Purnell, et. al. (1999) in an article titled, “Perceptual and Phonetic Experiments on American English Dialect Identification.” Since then Baugh’s research on linguistic profiling has been replicated by others in the United States and other countries, affirming that people who speak with a dialect or accent that is devalued wherever they live may fall prey to linguistic profiling, which results from the denial of goods or services to a person, typically sight unseen, during a telephone call that inquires about the availability of those otherwise available goods or services.
Legal applications and Forensic Linguistic analyses
The linguistic profiling studies expanded, including more countries, languages, and circumstances where linguistic discrimination exists. As a result, Baugh began to serve as an expert witness and consultant in various legal cases, frequently serving the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, along with the National Fair Housing Alliance, the United States Department of Justice, among others. In addition, he has provided depositions, legal opinions, and affidavits in a host of criminal cases that include murder, underage sexual abuse, illegal drug sales, and violations of the Mann Act.
Documentary Films
Baugh has appeared in several linguistic documentary films, such as Do you speak American, and Talking Black in America. He also served as an advisor or associate producer for these and other linguistic documentaries, including The Story of English. These films were created to expand greater awareness of linguistic diversity at the same time that they were designed to combat linguistic intolerance.
References
Black Street Speech: It’s History, Structure and Survival Archived 2021-01-27 at the Wayback Machine. ISBN 9780292707450 Search this book on 
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Out of the Mouths of Slaves: African American Language and Educational Malpractice Archived 2021-06-05 at the Wayback Machine. ISBN 9780292798730 Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: Invalid ISBN. Search this book on .
Beyond Ebonics: Linguistic Pride and Racial Prejudice. ISBN 9780195120462 Search this book on .
Linguistics in Pursuit of Justice. ISBN 9781316597750 Search this book on .
Language in Use: Readings in Sociolinguistics.
Talkin’ Black Talk: Language, Education, and Social Change. ISBN 9780807747469 Search this book on .
Towards a Social Science of Language: Volume 1: Variation and change in language and society. ISBN 9781556195815 Search this book on .
Towards a Social Science of Language: Volume 2: Social Interaction and Discourse Structures. ISBN 9781556199582 Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: Invalid ISBN. Search this book on .
External links Oracle Education Foundation: Board of Directors. Raising a Reader: Board of Directors. Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences: Members of the Board
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