Judiciary of India
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The following powers have been given to the Supreme Court by our Constitution:-
- (1) Original jurisdiction - When any dispute arises between the Central Government and the State Government, it is settled by this Court.
- (2) Protection of Fundamental Rights - This court also protects the fundamental rights given to the citizens by the Constitution.
- (3) Appeal rights- This court has the right to hear three types of appeals against the decisions of the High Courts of the states - (a) constitutional, (b) civil, and (c) criminal.
- (A) Constitutional Appeals - When the High Court in any dispute certifies that the matter involves any question of law relating to the provision of the Constitution, the Supreme Court may consider such appeals.
- (b) Civil Appeals- Civil appeals against the decision of the High Court of a State can be heard in the Supreme Court only if the High Court certifies that the dispute is not less than twenty thousand rupees or the matter is appealed to the Supreme Court. deserves to do.
- (c) Criminal Appeals- Appeals can be made against the decision of the High Courts in criminal matters only when a High Court in appeal has awarded death sentence to a person released by the lower Court or when the High Court has passed the case from a lower Court. has sentenced the offender to death by calling for trial or the High Court gives a certificate that the case is fit for appeal to the Supreme Court.
- (4) Special Appeals - The Supreme Court also has the power to grant special leave of appeal against any court or tribunal in India other than military courts and hear the appeal.
- (5) The function of advice to the President - The Supreme Court can advise the President on any law or question of public importance when he seeks his advice.
- (6) Right to review- The Supreme Court also has the power to reconsider any decision made by it and remove its defects.
Parliament can also increase its powers by making laws. The rules made by this court are applicable in all the courts of India. Thus the Supreme Court is a very powerful and independent court.
Other Courts- Apart from the Supreme Court, the organization of the judiciary from top to bottom for the states is also done in the form of a pyramid. A High Court has been established in each state. There are appellate courts for that- criminal, civil and revenue courts. There is a system of Gram Panchayats in the villages. Thus the judiciary of India is completely organized. How to become a judge ( Judge Kaise Bane) It is a difficult and long process.
