Kingdom of Macrones and Heniochi

Principality of Makron (Machelon) and Heniokh (Greek: Maheloneb and Ηνιοχοι; S.-Persian: Sigān) — a primitive state formation of the Laz people. It was formed as a result of the collapse of the Colchis kingdom on the southeastern coast of the Black Sea in the territory of the Rize province of northeastern Turkey.

Territory

At the beginning of the 2nd century, the border of the union of Makrons and Heniokhs extended from Fındıklı to Hopa. The center of the principality is in the north of Pazar river. It was located on Pritani (Turkish: Fırtına Deresi), which According to Pavle Ingorokva, it is known as "Old Trebizond", and according to Sinclair's localization, it must have been Zilkale or, less likely, Jamlihemshin.At the beginning of the 2nd century, the border of the union of Makrons and Heniokhs extended from Vize to Ofa. The center of the principality is in the north of Athina river. It was located on Pritani (Turkish: Fırtına Deresi), which, p. According to Ingoroqva, it is known as "Old Trebizond", and according to Sinclair's localization, it must have been Zilkale or, less likely, Çamlıhemşin.

As a result of the expansion of the principality in the III-IV centuries, the northern border reached Chorokhi and the southern border reached Sürmene.

According to an anonymous author of the 5th century: "From the river Arcabisis to the river Ophiunt ... the Mackelons and Henioches now live." Hopa River, which was the dividing line between the Colchis and the Sanni-Laz , appears as the southern border of the Macron-Heniokhs according to Anonym. The northern border, according to Anonym,was up to river Arkab.

History

After the fall of the Kingdom of Colchis, the settlement of mountain people in the coastal areas of South Colchis begins. Next to the Machelon-Macrons of local Laz origin living east of Trebizond, Heniochi of Laz origin also prevailed, who in BC. and They must have settled down from the mountains in the east at the turn of the AD. One stream of them joined the Sanni (Chans) living near Trebizond and formed a tribal union with them. Plinius (23/24–79) notes that the "San-Heniokhs" (lat. gens Sannorum Heniochorum) live beyond the river Pyxites, who, according to Tacitus, attacked Armenia in 58 AD and thus found help for Corbulo. ax. year In 69, local tribes raided Trebizond. With the hegemony of the second stream of Heniochs, at the same time, a strong political union of Machelons (Macrons) and Heniochs was formed, which took control of an important coastal section east of Trebizond.In 69 AD, local tribes raided Trebizond. Along with the hegemony of the second stream of Hanniochs, at the same time, a strong political union of the Machelons (Macrons) and Henniochs was formed, which took control of an important coastal stretch east of Trabzon.

In the 2nd century, the ruler of the principality is called "King (βασιλεύς)" Anchialea (Greek: Αγχίαλος), who in 114-115 participated in the Roman Emperor Trajan's campaign against Parthia. According to Dio Cassius, Trajan presented gifts at Satala ( to "Anchiales, king of the Heniochs and Macheleons". The same king Ankhial is reported by Arrian in 134, who mentions in a letter to Emperor Hadrian.According to Dio Cassius, the emperor Marcus Aurelius (161–181) exiled the satrap Tiridates, who invaded Armenia and killed the king of the Heniochs, to Britain.

At the beginning of the 3rd century, the mentioned principality appears under the name of "Machelonia" in the list of the subordinate countries of Sasanian Iran. We learn about this from the inscription of the Sasanian king Shapur I (242–272) ("Ka'ba-ye Zartosht"). At the beginning of the 80s of the 3rd century, the position of the Persians weakened so much as a result of the confrontation with Rome that they lost control over Armenia. At the same time or earlier, Persia also lost "Machelonia", which again came under the influence of the Romans.

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