Kob Fardod
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Kob Fardod Qoob Fardood / Qoryaweyn Qoryaweyn / Dhabar Dalool / Wadaamagoo | |
|---|---|
Historical settlement, Zawiya | |
| Coordinates: 8°58′N 46°18′E / 8.967°N 46.300°ECoordinates: 8°58′N 46°18′E / 8.967°N 46.300°E Fatal error: The format of the coordinate could not be determined. Parsing failed. | |
| Country | Somaliland |
| Region | Togdheer |
| District | Aynabo District |
| Founded | c. 1891 |
Kob Fardod (also varied as Qoob Fardood or Kob Faradod) was a 19th-century religious settlement (zawiya) located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadamago in the Aynabo District of Somaliland. Historically located within the territories inhabited by the Isaaq clan family (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century,the site functioned as the cradle and birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement on March- November 1899.
Geography
Contemporary accounts and maps of the site in 1899 used Kirridh well as a mark to locate Qoob Fardood in Wadaamagoo s.". displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders.[1] However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadamago water system:
- Qoob Fardood Formally logged at coordinates 8°58′N 46°18′E.[2]
- Wadaamagoo (Populated Place) logged at 8°55′N 46°17′E.[2]
- Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (dry Well):logged at 8°57′N 46°20′E.[3]
The site is located approximately 500 meters from the Wadaamagoo centuries-old Berde (fig) tree , a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway road.
""Bohotle and Wadaamagoo""
"The Allegheri, who live to the south of the Bur Dab around Bohotle, are already entering into treaty with the British Government, and the Resident at Berbera had gone down to them a week before our visit."
The Ali Gheri live south of the Bur Dab range around Bohotle. This is a 1896 Royal Geographical Society survey — three years before the Dervish founding — confirming that the Ali Gheri Dolbahanta were settled around Bohotle, not around Qoryaweyn/Wadamago. This directly corroborates Pestalozza: the Mullah gathered his fifty Ali Gheri disciples at Bohotle — where the Ali Gheri actually lived — not at Qoryaweyn which was Habr Yunis territory.
The Coordinate Confirmation The article reproduces Swayne's 1891 reconnaissance coordinates including:
Kirrit: 8°58'33"N, 46°09'28"E Kabr Ogaden: 8°56'24"N, 46°28'04"E Bohotle: 8°15'45"N, 46°27'55"E
Bohotle is at 8°15'N — significantly south of Wadamago at 8°55'N. The distance between Bohotle and Wadamago is approximately 40 miles south to north. These are not the same area. They are not adjacent. They are two completely separate locations — exactly as the two-founding-operation thesis requires.
History
19th-century founding
The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a new compound.[5] This is corroborated by Captain Paget’s 1893 cartographic survey of Somaliland, which explicitly features the settlement node of Qoob Fardood, mapping the specialized religious compound under the label "The Temple."[6] This cartographic designation the sanctuary as a religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized enclave. Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."[7]
1899-1901 Kob Fardod abandoned and burned
In late March 1899, Nur Ahmed Aman (1841–1907) arrived at the Wadamago hosted by the mullahs and the local clans meeting the religious leadership, with the Kob Fardod mullahs fully espousing his cause they declared an independet emirate and dispatched a letter to the coast. an independent emirates.|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.}}
In November 2899 , the rebelling dervish abandoned Kob Fardod and crossed the border to Abyssinia.
Almost 2 years later during Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold.[8] Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground.[8] However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.
""Sacmadeeqa Dareemacaddo in Buhoodle And Qoob Fardood Qoryaweyn in Wadaamago""
Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise's 1976 official history locates the founding of the Dervish movement at the well of Qoryaweyn, which he places approximately 29 miles west of Caynabo, attributing the assembly of approximately 5,000 people there to the Mullah beginning in 1898, and describing those assembled as predominantly Dolbahanta and Nugaal residents.[9] The British Indian government military survey of 1891 records Qoryaweyn at coordinates 8°57'N, 46°17'E — within the same geographical cluster as Wadamago (8°55'N, 46°17'E) and Kob Faradod (8°58'N, 46°18'E) — and identifies it as a watering location for the Adan Madoba, Musa Ismail, Musa Arreh and Ahmed Farah sub-clans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Jeclo, all Isaaq.[10] The eyewitness statement of Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar, recorded April 10, 1899, confirms that the assembly at Wadamago consisted of "hundreds of people... some from every tribe, Dolbahanta, Habr Toljaala, and Habr Yunis."[11] Giulio Pestalozza's 1904 diplomatic report to the Italian Foreign Ministry places the Mullah's actual founding school at Buhoodle — not Qoryaweyn — where he gathered approximately fifty disciples from the Ali Gheri Dolbahanta.[12] The Official History of the Operations in Somaliland records that in 1895 the Mullah "returned to his tariga, Kob Faradod" — confirming the tariga existed before his return and was not built by him.[13]
References
- ↑ Great Britain War Office General Staff (1907). Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04. 1. London: Harrison and Sons. p. 64. Search this book on
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Geographical Names Database, Feature ID: 50755 (Wadamago coordinate registry).
- ↑ FAO SWALIM Water Sources Survey, Cartographic registry for Dhabar Dalool water assets.
- ↑ Swayne, H.G.C. (1891). "Report on the Reconnaissance of Northern Somali-land, February to November 1891". British Library, London: India Office Records, IOR/L/PS/20/68.
The coordinate table records Qoriawein at 8°57'N, 46°17'E, adjacent to Wadamago (8°55'N, 46°17'E) and Kob Faradod (8°58'N, 46°18'E), in Habr Yunis Musa Ismail territory. The tribal distribution table records Qoriawein as a watering location for the Adan Madoba, Musa Ismail, Musa Arreh and Ahmed Farah sub-clans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Jeclo.
- ↑ Robecchi-Bricchetti, Luigi (1893). "Luigi Bricchetti Robecchi's Journeys in the Somali Country". The Geographical Journal. 2 (4): 359–362. Bibcode:1893GeogJ...2..359.. doi:10.2307/1773922. JSTOR 1773922.
- ↑ Captain Paget's Cartographic Survey of Somaliland (1893).
- ↑ Swayne, H. G. C. (1903). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia (3rd ed.). London: Rowland Ward, Limited. p. 89. Search this book on
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Official accounts of the 1901 British Somaliland Expedition, p. 41.
- ↑ Ise, Aw Jama Umar (1976). Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, 1895–1920. Somali Academy of Sciences and Arts. p. 20. Search this book on
- ↑ Swayne, H.G.C. (1891). Report on the Reconnaissance of Northern Somali-land, February to November 1891. IOR/L/PS/20/68, British Library, London. Search this book on
- ↑ Foreign Department–External–B, August 1899, N. 33-234, Inclosure 5, No. 1, NAI, New Delhi.
- ↑ Pestalozza, Annesso E, report to the MAE, Aden, 26 October 1904, AUSSME, Fondo Somalia, rep. D-3, racc.3, cont.2.
- ↑ Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901–04. 1. Great Britain War Office, General Staff. 1907. p. 49. Search this book on
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