Kong Yuan

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Kong Yuan
孔原
Kong later in life
2nd Director of the Chinese Communist Party Central Investigation Department
In office 1962–1967
Leader	Mao Zedong
Preceded by	Li Kenong
Succeeded by	Wang Dongxing
Personal details
Born	(1906-09-06)September 6, 1906 Zhangjiawan village, Anyuan, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, Qing Dynasty
Died	September 21, 1990(1990-09-21) (aged 84) Beijing, People's Republic of China
Political party	Communist Party of China
Spouse(s)	Xu Ming
Children	Kong Dan Chen Mo Kong Dong
Alma mater	International Lenin School

Kong Yuan (simplified Chinese: 孔原; September 6, 1906 – September 21, 1990), formerly known as Chen Kaiyuan, later changed to Chen Tiezheng, alias Tianfu and Shi Xin, native of Zhangjiawan Village, Anyuan, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, was a Chinese communist revolutionary, politician, and intelligence officer.

Biography

Kong Yuan came from a family of craftsmen, and his father was a hairdresser all his life. Because of his poor family background, Kong Yuan became an apprentice in a grocery store in Anyuan when he was eleven or twelve years old. In the autumn of 1924, Zhong Junjie and Liu Yi, chairman of the Education Committee of the Anyuan Mining Trade Union, who were sent to Anyuan by the Hunan Youth League Committee, sent Kong Yuan to Pingxiang Middle School to carry out student work in the name of the league organization, creating a peripheral organization of the Pingxiang Communist Youth League. ——"Mutual Aid Society", with Kong Yuan as the director-general.

In December 1924, Kong Yuan was introduced by Zhong Junjie and He Jinren to join the Youth League. In the spring of 1925, he was transferred from the League to the Party. After the Northern Expedition Army was stationed in Pingxiang, Kong Yuan was elected as the picket head of the county federation of trade unions, and served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang County Party Department and Minister of Supervision. A "special court" was established to try local tyrants and evil gentry in Pingxiang County, with Kong Yuan serving as the president. In the spring of 1927, Kong Yuan went to Nanchang to attend the Jiangxi Provincial Farmers' Congress hosted by Fang Zhimin. After the Jiangxi Provincial Farmers' Congress, the organization decided to keep Kong Yuan in Nanchang as the head of the Organization Department of the Jiangxi Federation of Trade Unions. During the Nanchang Uprising, Kong Yuan worked successively in the Revolutionary Committee, the Labor Section of the Agricultural and Industrial Committee, and the Political Security Department. Soon, he went south with the troops and left Jiangxi.

In November 1927, Kong Yuan went to Shanghai and served as a member of the Shanghai West District Trade Union Organization and secretary of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions. In March 1929, Kong Yuan, Qian Ying and two others went to Moscow to study. Kong originally studied at the Chinese Communist Labor University in Moscow and was later sent to study the military. In the autumn of 1930, when Zhou Enlai came to Moscow, Kong Yuan voluntarily asked to return to China. In October 1930, he went to Wuhan to work on the military movement. Soon he came to Shanghai and worked as an officer and secretary in the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In early 1932, he was transferred to the director of the Organization Department of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, and later transferred to the director of the Organization Department of the Organization Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In March 1933, he served as the representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the North, responsible for restoring and presiding over the work of the Northern Party. At the turn of the spring and summer of 1935, Kong Yuan was ordered to leave the north. After a short period of responsibility in the Shanghai Central Bureau, as a representative of the party organization of the White District of the Communist Party of China, he attended the Seventh World Congress of the Communist International (Comintern) held in Moscow in July 1935 and the International At the enlarged meeting of the Scarlet Freemasonry Society, he was elected as a member of the Presidium of the International Freemasonry Society, and later entered the advanced class of the Lenin Academy.

After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, he voluntarily requested to return to China to join the war. In August 1938, he served as the political director of the recruit battalion of the Xinjiang Supervisory Office , which was formed by the remaining troops of the West Route Army . In April 1939, he was called to Yan'an and served as the deputy minister of the Social Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Northwest Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a member of the Workers Movement Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China . In May 1940, Kong Yuan accompanied Zhou En to Chongqing and served as the secretary of the Southwest Working Committee under the leadership of the Southern Bureau. A secret agency was established in Mutu Town, Ba County. Soon, Kong Yuan's identity was exposed, and in November 1940, he was transferred back to the Chongqing Office of the Eighth Route Army and succeeded Bo Gu as the member of the Southern Bureau and the head of the organization. After the Wannan Incident in January 1941 , the southern party organization went into hiding. From June 28 to July 16, 1943, Zhou Enlai, Lin Biao, Deng Yingchao, Kong Yuan and more than 100 people left Chongqing by truck and returned to Yan'an. Kong Yuan participated in rectification studies at the Central Party School and was censored. In September 1943, the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo to discuss the issue of the party's line, and was one of 19 non-voting attendees. On May 21, 1944, the Seventh Enlarged Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an, and Kong Yuan attended as an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee. From April 23 to June 11, 1945, the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an. Kong Yuan, as the deputy director of the rear delegation, accompanied Ye Jianying, the director of the delegation.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, in mid-September 1945, Kong Yuan, Chen Yu, Zhong Ziyun, Xu Mingde and others left Yan'an with a radio station, passed Zhangjiakou and Rehe Province, and arrived in Shenyang in mid-October. Kong Yuan was left to work in the Social Department of the Northeast Bureau. He was soon appointed as the secretary of the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee and was still in charge of the Social Department of the Northeast Bureau. After Zou Dapeng and Wang Jinxiang successively went to the Social Department of the Northeast Bureau, Kong Yuan was no longer in charge. At the end of November, the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee was divided into two: the Shennan Municipal Party Committee and the Shenbei Municipal Party Committee. Kong Yuan and Zhang Huadong are in charge of the Shenbei Municipal Party Committee. In early December 1945, the first prefectural party committee, military sub-district and special agency in western Liaoning were established. The Central County Committee of Tieling was merged into the first prefectural party committee in western Liaoning. Kong Yuan concurrently served as secretary of the prefectural party committee, governing Cailuobao, Faku, Tieling, Kangping, Changtu and Kaiyuan, and so on. In April 1946, Kong Yuan was transferred to be the Minister of Propaganda of Jiliao Provincial Party Committee . In May 1946, Kong Yuan was appointed as the Minister of Democratic Movement of Jiliao Provincial Committee, and Shi Lei took over as Minister of Propaganda. On July 11, 1946, the Northeast Bureau changed the Jilin Provincial Party Committee and the Jilin Military Region to the Jilin Provincial Party Committee and the Jilin Military Region; the Jidong Military Region was changed to the Jidong Military Division, with Jin Guangxia as the commander and Kong Yuan as the political commissar. On December 16, 1946, Kong Yuan was elected as a member of the Jilin Provincial Party Committee and Minister of the Democratic Movement of the Jilin Provincial Party Committee. In February 1947, the Yanbian Prefectural Party Committee, the Special Agency and the Military Division were established for the second time in Longjing County , and Kong Yuan was the secretary of the Yanbian Prefectural Party Committee. On September 25, 1947, the Jilin Provincial Party Committee decided to abolish the Yanbian and Jidun prefectural committees, and set up another Jidong prefectural committee, with Kong Yuan serving as secretary of the prefectural committee. On April 16, 1948, the Yanbian Prefectural Committee was restored, and Kong Yuan was the Secretary of the Prefectural Committee and Minister of Propaganda. On May 17, 1948, Kong Yuan was transferred to Secretary of Jilin Municipal Party Committee and Political Commissar of Jilin City Garrison Command. January 1949 Director of the Military Control Commission of Fushun, Secretary of the Fushun Municipal Party Committee, Political Commissar of the Fushun City Guard Command.

In July 1949, he was transferred to Beijing and was in charge of the Preparatory Office of the General Administration of Customs. On October 5, 1949, he served as a member of the Finance and Economics Committee of the Central People's Government Administration Council and the director of the General Administration of the Central People's Government. On January 9, 1953, the General Administration of Customs was merged into the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the Central People's Government . On November 1, 1954, Kong Yuan was transferred to the Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade in charge of customs work. And successively in charge of trade with the Soviet Union, North Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia and Eastern European countries. In September 1957, he was appointed Deputy Minister of the Investigation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On March 7, 1958, he was appointed deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Office of the State Council ( Chen Yi concurrently served as director). In November 1962, he served as the head of the Investigation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China . Persecuted during the " Cultural Revolution ". From 1975 to 1980, he served as Secretary of the Party Committee and Political Commissar of the Second Department of the General Staff . In February 1979, he served as Deputy Secretary-General of the Fifth National People's Congress Standing Committee . In 1982, he was elected as a member of the Advisory Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Since May 1983, he has been treated as a post in the Zhengda Military Region. In July 1988, he was awarded the first-class Red Star Medal of Merit.

Personal life and death

Kong died in Beijing on September 21, 1990. Kong Yuan was an alternate member of the 6th CPC Central Committee (co-opted at the Fifth Plenary Session), the 8th CPC Central Committee (co-opted at the Second Session of the Eighth National Congress), and a member of the 11th CPC Central Committee. His wife Xu Ming, a former deputy secretary-general of the State Council, committed suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills in 1966. Kong's eldest son, Chen Mo, died of myocardial infarction in 1978, his second son, Kong Dan, was the chairman of CITIC Group, and his third son, Kong Dong, was the general manager and deputy secretary of the Party Leadership Group of China National Aviation Corporation, and the chairman of Air China.

References

Category:1906 births

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