Korail Class 391000
| Korail Class 391000 | |
|---|---|
 Class 391000 (1st generation) on the Seohae line | |
 Class 391000 (1st generation) interior | |
| In service | 2018–present (1st generation) 2023–present (2nd generation) |
| Manufacturer | Hyundai Rotem (1st generation) Dawonsys (2nd generation) |
| Constructed | 2017 (1st generation) 2021–2022 (2nd generation) |
| Number in service | 7 (1st generation) 10 (2nd generation) |
| Formation | 4 cars per train TC-M'-M'-TC |
| Fleet numbers | 391-01–391-07 (1st generation) 391-08–391-17 (2nd generation) |
| Operator(s) | Korail |
| Depot(s) |
|
| Line(s) served | Seohae Line |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Stainless steel (1st generation) Aluminum (2nd generation) |
| Car length | 19,500 mm (770 in) |
| Width | 3,120 mm (123 in) |
| Height | 3,750 mm (148 in) |
| Doors | 4 per side, 8 per car |
| Maximum speed | 110 km/h (68 mph) |
| Traction system | Toshiba IGBT-VVVF (1st generation) Dawonsys IGBT-VVVF (2nd generation) |
| Acceleration | 3.0 km/(h⋅s) (1.9 mph/s) |
| Deceleration | 3.5 km/(h⋅s) (2.2 mph/s) (service) 4.5 km/(h⋅s) (2.8 mph/s) (emergency) |
| Electric system(s) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC |
| Current collection method | Pantograph |
| Safety system(s) | ATS, ATP, ATC |
| Coupling system | Shibata-type |
| Headlight type | Light emitting diode |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) |
| Stock type | Electric multiple unit |
The Korail Class 391000 trains are commuter electric multiple units in South Korea used on the Seohae Line. Class 391000 trains were manufactured and delivered in 2017 by Hyundai Rotem and from 2021 to 2022 by Dawonsys.
Technical details
Formation
Class 391000 trains are organized in 4-car sets, in TC-M'-M'-TC formation.[1]
The symbols are defined below.
- M' car: Pantograph, main transformer, controller, motor
- M car: Motor, controller
- TC car: Secondary power device, air compressor, battery, cabin
- T car: trailer (unpowered)
Electrical parts
All Class 391000 trains use IGBT-VVVF traction, controlling 3-phase AC induction motors. The traction equipment for the 1st generation was made by Toshiba, and the traction equipment for the 2nd generation was made by Dawonsys. Class 391000 trains are also equipped with regenerative braking.[2]
Interior design
The 1st generation Class 391000 features an interior design similar to that of the Class 331000. However, all seats are gray, as opposed to the blue seating found in the Class 331000. Cab cars have 48 total seats, while intermediate cars have 54 total seats.[citation needed]
The 2nd generation Class 391000 interior includes green accents in the place of many of the gray ones in the 1st generation. The interior LCD displays are also moved to the side of the train, above the doors. Cab cars have 42 total seats, while intermediate cars have 48 total seats.[citation needed] 2nd generation trains also feature LED lights next to the doors that flash green to indicate the side the doors will open on, and flash yellow to indicate when the doors are closing.
Livery
The 1st generation sets were initially delivered in a gray and blue livery, along with the Korail logo, prior to the opening of the Seohae line. Once the details of the line were confirmed, the livery was changed to the current one, consisting of green and lime green. The Korail logo was also replaced with one specific to the Seohae line, although it has since been restored to Korail logo.[3]
The first 2nd generation set, train 391-08, was delivered with a temporary livery.[3] It was later modified before it entered service, and the new livery was used on all other 2nd generation trains from the start.
Depot
Storage and light maintenance of Class 391000 trains occurs at Songsan depot[4], while heavy maintenance is performed at Siheung depot. Prior to the opening of Songsan depot in 2024, Siheung handled all storage and maintenance of the Class 391000.[5]
Generations
1st generation (2017)
The first generation of Class 391000 is based on the Class 311000 (3rd generation), and is the final Korail train to use the "snake eye" exterior design also found on the Class 311000 (3rd generation), 319000, 321000, 331000, 351000 (3rd generation), 361000, 371000, and 381000 (1st generation).
7 trains were manufactured by Hyundai Rotem in 2017, and they entered service on June 16, 2018.[1]
The 1st generation sets are numbered 391-01 to 391-07, where the dash represents the car number within one train.
The Class 391000 (1st generation) was the first Korail-operated train with CBTC. The trains originally used a CBTC system made by Siemens, called "Trainguard MT". However, due to interference from 5G networks, the CBTC systems were replaced with ones made by Bombardier in 2022.[citation needed]
2nd generation (2021–2022)
The second generation of Class 391000 features a redesigned exterior exclusive to the Class 391000, as well as minor changes to the interior.
10 trains were manufactured by Dawonsys from 2021 to 2022, and the first train began operation on April 22, 2023. All 2nd generation sets entered service by April 30, 2023.[1]
The 2nd generation sets are numbered 391-08 to 391-17, where the dash represents the car number within one train.
The Class 391000 (2nd generation) received criticism from the media and railfans. Delivery of the new trains was delayed, meaning the opening of the Seohae line extension from Daegok to Ilsan was also delayed.[6] The cab windows of 2nd generation trains have also broken multiple times, and the glass manufacturer, Anping Glass of China, has stated that the windows were not defective, but that they were mishandled by Dawonsys.[7] Additionally, the trains were frequently criticized for having poor speaker quality. To mitigate this, the speakers were replaced in August 2023.[citation needed]
Incidents
On June 30, 2025, an out-of-service Seohae line train, Class 391000 (2nd generation) number 391-08, separated near Ilsan station. The train was repaired and later returned to service. On October 22, 2025, Class 391000 (2nd generation) number 391-08 separated again while out of service, this time near Ansan station. No injuries occurred either time. However, trains were delayed on not only the Seohae Line, but also the Suin-Bundang Line and Seoul Metro Line 4, which share track with the Seohae Line.[8]
Following the second incident, train 391-08 was removed from service for deeper inspection. The cause was determined to be a sudden impact to the car connector.[9] As a precaution, train speed was limited to 40 km/h (25 mph) on the second section of the Seohae line,[6][10] and usage of the open gangways was restricted on 2nd generation sets to limit wear.[11] Train schedules were later updated to match the temporary speed limits. On April 16, 2026, it was announced that the car connectors of all 10 2nd generation Class 391000 sets built by Dawonsys would be replaced, and schedules returned to normal.[12]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "최 경 수 블로그 : 네이버 블로그". blog.naver.com. Retrieved 2026-05-26.
- ↑ "Subway Train 'Regenerative Power' is a Star of Energy".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "서해선 4편성 신도색 - 철도(지하철) 갤러리". gall.dcinside.com (in 한국어). Retrieved 2026-05-26.
- ↑ "Nextrain Co., Ltd. | Shinansan Line Private Investment Project". www.nextrain.co.kr. Retrieved 2026-05-26.
- ↑ "사진으로 만나보는 철도 세상 : 네이버 블로그". blog.naver.com. Retrieved 2026-05-27.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 뉴시스 (2022-10-24). "[단독]대곡-소사선, 내년 1월 개통 못한다…'차량 납품' 차질". 뉴시스 (in 한국어). Retrieved 2026-05-25.
- ↑ "대곡소사선 열차 기관실 유리창에 금…원인 분석 중". n.news.naver.com (in 한국어). Retrieved 2026-05-25.
- ↑ 이. 영. 주. (2025-10-22). "Train Breakdown at Ansan Station on Line 4… Suin-Bundang Line and Seohae Line Also Affected (Roundup) | Yonhap News". 연합뉴스.
- ↑ "서해선 부품 결함, 철도공단 주관 6개월 하자 처리 진행". 뉴스1 (in 한국어). 2025-12-09. Retrieved 2026-05-25.
- ↑ "Seohae Line Electric Trains to Resume Normal Operations from the 20th… All Intermediate Couplers on 10 Trainsets Replaced < PASSENGER < Urban Railway < Operations & Facilities < Article Body - Railway Economy Newspaper".
- ↑ "서해선 다원차 통로문 근황 - 모노레일 마이너 갤러리". gall.dcinside.com (in 한국어). Retrieved 2026-05-25.
- ↑ "Press Release - View Details". 2026-04-16.
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