Draft:Kyosho Landmax
| Category | 1:8 radio-controlled on-road car 1:8 radio-controlled off-road buggy |
|---|---|
| Constructor | Kyosho |
| Predecessor | Kyosho Circuit 20 |
| Technical specifications | |
| Chassis | Aluminum |
| Suspension (front) | Independent wishbone |
| Suspension (rear) | Independent wishbone |
| Engine | Mid mounted |
| Transmission | Shaft driven four-wheel-drive 3x 3-gear differentials |
| Fuel | Nitro |
| Brakes | Double center disc brakes (for front and rear) |
| Tyres | Rubber pin spike off-road tires with foam inserts |
| Competition history | |
| Debut | 1991 |
The Kyosho Landmax is a 1:8 scale, four-wheel-drive, circuit or rally car which was first released in 1991 and continued until 2009. It was then succeeded by the Kyosho GT which is focused on circuit racing only.
Unlike the off- road Kyosho Inferno buggies on which most of this series was based, the focus of this series was to create vehicles which had a close resemblance to motorsports cars from that era. A decade earlier Kyosho took this real world approach with the Nissan Fairlady 240z, however the platform was only ever used for that particular vehicle.
Despite being based on the modular 1:8 Inferno platform, the Landmax series also differentiated itself from Kyosho's previous 1:8 scale marketing and sales strategy. Kyosho omitted the entry level "sports", or advanced "turbo" kits the 1:8 scale off-road customers had become accustomed to with the Kyosho Burns and Kyosho Inferno, and there was no 1:8 scale world championship in which the Landmax models could compete.
Instead, the Landmax used proven 1:8 scale technology from the Inferno series to reach a new customer market consisting of fans of the largely European based circuit championships (DTM, BTC...), and the world rally championships (WRC).
Comparing this series of cars to the 1:8 off-road Inferno one can summarize the strategy as follows:
- Reach a new, global market: At one point, a total of 15 Asian and European cars, and one American Stadium Truck were available for the Esprit/Landmax series[1]. The Stadium Truck would later be spunn off into a dedicated Kyosho Inferno ST series.
- Create an accurate real-world representation: Unlike the Inferno based buggies the car bodies were based on real world cars and they depicted their counterparts as closely as possible. This included additional molded parts such as wing mirrors, windscreen wipers, faux disc brakes as well as wheels and decals.
- Ensure easy entry to the hobby: Only a standard, entry level specifications was available out of the box, reducing the cost of entry into the hobby, and initially providing an equal level of competitiveness from a technical point of view. The kits were also partially assembled with a pre-tuned engine from the factory.[2]
- Maximize flexibility and reduce cost: Circuit, Rally and Stadium Truck variations for each generation were created using only one RC platform with minor modifications. Upgrades and spares were shared with the coresponding generation of 1:8 Inferno buggies which were mostly released a few years earlier.
This longterm success of this strategy can be seen by the popularity and continued production of the current GT series, and the recent introduction of the dedicated IFMAR GT World Championships.
General History[edit]
Background[edit]
Although it the Esprit and Landmax brand names are what the Kyosho circuit and rally cars are generally referred to up until the release of the GT, it was not until the mid 90s that this name was first used. The roots can be traced back to the Porsche 959 which was produced in 1991 in cooperation with HoBao and sold in limited numbers through Porsche dealers (quote).
In 1992 Kyosho switched to the Kyosho Inferno platform which had been released the previous year, creating a series of 3 circuit cars. This series did not have a name and were un-officially refered to as the "wide body" cars.[1]
These cares were the basis for the Supereight GP Landmax 4WD series, which was launched in the mid 90s. These cars used the chassis of the "wide body" cars, but with a narrower track and a new, larger selection of bodies which were narrower then the previous. Eventually the circuit cars were refered to as the Esprit GP20, and the rally cars as Landmax.
In 2001 the chassis was updated to that of the Inferno 7.5, and the rally cars relaunched as Landmax 2, with 3 new bodies in addition to those of the previous generation. The Esprit line of circuit based cars were discontinued, however one could use the slick tires and bodies of the previous Esprit GP20 cars to create ones own circuit racer.
After the Landmax 2 Kyosho discontinued the rally cars in the 1:8 scale and focused once again on circuit cars, this time using the Inferno 7.5 chassis and rebranding them as the "GT".
Timeline[3][edit]
$wgTimelinePloticusCommand is set correctly.Porsche 959 (1991–1992)[edit]
Models & Specifications[edit]
Released as item number 4281, the first incarnation of the "Landmax" series was a Porsche 959 released in 1991 with production ending in 1992 making it the shortest production run of any 1:8 Kyosho car that decade. It was simply referered to as the Kyosho 1:8 scale Prosche 959.
During the 80s and 90s Kyosho took part in a number of cooperations with other RC builders including Graupner and HoBao. The RC platform for the 959 was based on the HoBao Pirate (M1) which has an interesting history in itself. Besides being used as a platform for the Kyosho 959, it was also used for the rare Kyosho Prestige buggy[4] and was also adapted and rebranded by several other manufacturers.
| Manufacturer | Name | Type | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| HoBao | Pirate (incl. Monster Pirate & Pirate MT Sport) | Off-Road | Japan |
| T2M | Pirate | Off-Road | France |
| OFNA | Pirate | Off-Road | USA |
| Kyosho | Porsche 959 | On-Road | Japan |
| Kyosho | Prestige | Off-Road | Japan |
| Graupner | Impuls 2000 (2WD & 4WD) | Off-Road | Germany |
HoBao also made a Monster Truck versions of the Pirate chassis called the Monster Pirate and Pirate MT Sport[6]. The Kyosho 959 was however the only time the HoBao Pirate was commercially sold with an on-road configuration and was a limited production run to be sold exclusively at Porsche dealers. It was not listed in the Kyosho catalog[8].
In order to make the chassis suitable of on-road use, several modifications had to be made to the standard Pirate, which are listed below. HoBao provided the mechanical changes, while Kyosho made the aestetic parts[9]which would set the benchmark for the Esprit and Landmax models that would follow.
Besides being an accurate representation, the 959 shell included additional details such as windscreen wipers, side mirrors, number/license plate holders and fake, cross drilled disc brakes with brake calipers, which were not available on Kyosho's 1:8 offroad cars that were available at the time. Unlike similar models (such as the Kyosho 240z Fairlady[10]) the distinctive rear spoiler of the 959 was not moulded into the polycarbonate body. Instead it was made as an additional polycarbonate spoiler which was mounted on top and extended into the rear wheel arches and was screwed on.[11] This made it possible to leave the area under the spoiler open, eliminating the traditional "jelly mould" aestethic. An additional reason for both the rear and front bumpers being separate pieces was to accommodate the inward curve around the leading and rear sections of the car. It would not have been possible to release the body from a mold if this had been done in one piece.
In addition, for this first iteration of the 959, Kyosho made scale replicas of the 5 spoke Denloc Speedline wheels. Instead of making reproductions of the Bridgestone RE71 or later Dunlop Denloc tires, Kyosho decided to make Pirelli P-Zero tires which were provided on other real world performance cars such as the Ferrari F40, but not on the Porsche 959. The time and investment made for these is espcially notable as this was a limited production run. For the later Kyosho 959 that was based on the Inferno chassis, Kyosho replaced the Denloc Speedline replicas with BBS replicas[12]. For this the highly detailed Pirelli P-Zero tires would also be replaced with more generic semi slick tires which were suited for racing.
From a mechincal point of view HoBao provided the distinctive, rear exiting, double exhaust of the original, which completed the package.
| Description | Kyosho 959 |
|---|---|
| Body | PS-73 |
| Wheels | PS-70 |
| Tires | PS-71 |
| Brake set | PS-72 |
| Bumper (front) | PS-65 |
| Bumper (rear) | PS-68 |
| Body Mounts (front) | PS-65, PS-66 |
| Body Mounts (rear) | PS-66 |
| Manifold | PS-42, EF-38, LD-29 |
| Exhaust | PS-67 |
As with the other HoBao derivatives, the Porsche came partially assembled[12], and interestingly had to be largely disassembled to complete the assembly.[11] Unlike other Kyosho models the assembly included drilling holes in the fuel tank, and cutting the crankshaft of the motor to the correct length. Regular Kyosho models resolved the latter with different mounting options and cranshaft adapters. The car also came without electronics or an engine.
Box Art[edit]
The box and box art are unique when compared to other Kyosho 1:8 scale models of that era. For anyone familiar with Kyosho boxes in this scale, the first apparent difference was the significantly longer box measuring 87cm x 37cm x 20,5cm. A comparison can be seen in the table below.
The box had a very sleak and minimalist design compared to its contemporaries[12] however this seemed to be the norm for Kyosho's limited edition or low volume cars such as the HoBao based Kyosho Prestige[4], and their own Kyosho Turbo Inferno[13]. In this instance however the box also matches the sleak, functional design which the Porsche Design house is often renowned for. At the time of writing (2019), the Porsche Design website[14] largely contains products with a similar black background with white or silver fonts and highlites that are similar to the box art. A comparison is featured in the table below.
| Description | 959 | Prestige[15] | Turbo Inferno[13] | Landmax 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Box Size in cm (LxWxH) | 87x37x20.5 | 47.5x33x17 | 66x39x19 | |
| Box Color | Black | White/Pink | White/Green | White |
| Main Image | 2D Drawing | 3D Drawing | 3D Drawing | Studio Picture |
| Action Pictures | No | No | No | Yes |
| Additional Close-Ups | No | No | No | Yes |
| Add. Content Descriptions
and Marketing Information |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Collectibillity and current popularity (1992–)[edit]
Only ??? of the HoBao based Porsche 959 car were produced and are generally sought after if they include the original box and documentation. Many of the other parts on the car were available in other models or as spare parts and although these parts not always easy to find, the box and documentation proving the cars are key. The documentation also included a proof of authenticity which included the production number of that specific car.
Potential buyers should check for damaged bodies and accessories such as the wind screen wipers which are often broken on second hand models.[8] Along with the wheels and tires, the rear exiting exhaust and manifold system is also unique to this model as the Pirate buggies all featured side exiting exhausts.(quote) Ideally these should be included when buying a model.
Despite its rarety, this first installment of the Porsche 959 is a niche collectors item and prices for mint condition sets are often less than the more popular, and mass-produced, off-road Kyosho Turbo Burns which was released just a few years before.
Re-launch, "wide body" cars (1992–1994)[edit]
Models & Specifications[edit]
In 1992 Kyosho committed to launching its own line of 1:8 circuit cars based on the off-road Inferno DX which also became available in 1992. These cars kept the wide suspension arms of the Infenro DX buggy and were later referred to as the "wide body" cars[16] as the width of the suspension arms and bodies was reduced on later models. There was however no brand name on the boxes or in the marketing material at the time[17]. As the DX was roughly the same width of the HoBao Pirate, it lent itself perfectly for the re-launch of the existing 959 body shell and 2 additional models. Allegedly only 1500 of the Porsche kits were produced.[18]
All the cars were sold as complete kits with chassis and body parts, and it was also possible to buy the bodies separately. Traditionally Kyosho RC bodies were sold in transparent plastic bag with a simple tag (quote), however for these and all subsequent models Landmax models the bodies were sold in a box with similar artwork and packaging as the regular kits (quote). This emphasized Kyosho's focus on the bodies and estethic for this particular line of cars.
By choosing the Inferno DX setup rather than the standard Inferno which was released in 1991, Kyosho had decided to aim these cars at the market for entry level and casual drivers, again emphasising the focus on estetics rather than the performance. Nevertheless, the esthetics and detailing of a few parts were reduced. This included the loss of the Denloc Speedline replica wheels and Pirelli P-Zero tires for the Porsche (see Porsche 959 section below), and the faux brake disks which were given a simpler, slotted design without moulded brake calipers (quote).
The technical "downgrades" featured with the DX plattform included metal bushings instead of ball bearings, differential gears made of a softer, cheaper alloy (quote), and plastic shock absorbers which did not have oil dampening. These were all a step down compared to the original HoBao version of the car but made sense as there were no IFMAR or other championships for this category of car in which Kyosho, and competitive drivers would be able to compete. The IFMAR "sport IC track" championship was for 1:8 scale Le-Mans style, single seater race cars. Nevertheless, Kyosho released a promotional video showing the cars on a track[19] and it was possible to use nearly all the upgrades which were available for the Inferno plattform which could make these cars highly competitive. This however did come at a significant cost and it was rarely done. Cars which are available on the second hand market are almost always original with the exception of the engine. This was typically replaced due to performance and overheating issues.
As with the HoBao Pirate, the Inferno DX was an off-road plattform which required several alterations to make it suitalbe for on-road use. In the table at the end of the "GP20 Esprit 4WD & Supereight GP Landmax 4WD" section below, there is an overview of the differences between the two Inferno DX buggies as well as the re-launched "wide body" cars and the Esprit/Landmax that followed.
It is important to note that for the relaunched Porsche the Inferno DX 1 chassis with part number BS-120 was used[18], and not the standard chassis with part number BS-108. The BS-120 chassis contained the additional mounting holes required for Kyosho's own GS-21cr engine which was supplied with most of the later Landmax kits[20]. For the Esprit and Landmax that followed, the chassis would be replaced with number GT28 which had an additional hole behind the engine mount for the pull start mechanisms.
The GS-21cr engine, which was provided, had overheating issues due its small heatsink. These were made worse by the fact that, unlike the buggies, the engine was entirely enclosed in the body. For the Esprit and Landmax 1 Kyosho would change the heatsink for the new GS-21x engine, and include a belt driven fan to help with the cooling (quote). This could also be retrofitted to earlier models.
Unlike the 1:8 buggies, the sets were highly standardized with few variations. Kyosho Germany released an "exlusive" version which had a red sticker with golden "E". These contained a full ball bearing set instead of the usual metal bushings which were otherwise standard on the Inferno DX plattform.[17] There were also some kits which did not include the engine. These were marked with a round sticker which was placed over the box-art which showed an image of the installed engine[16], while leaving the part uncovered which highlited the fact that the car was partially assembled.
Other than the variations mentioned above, all 3 "wide body" models were identical with the exception of the bodies and decals that went with them. The mounting positions for all the bodies were the same which made it possible to buy them separately and swap them out a later date.
Porsche 959; item no. 3292 (1992–1994)[edit]
For the Porsche 959 Kyosho carried over all the parts they had produced for its HoBao predecessor with the exception of the wheels and tires. Unfortunately the style of the Denloc Speedline replicas, which were supplied with the HoBao version and were unique to the real life Porsche 959, would not suite the other two models which were planned for production. Based on the box art of the new Porsche 959, the Audi body had also been prototyped when Kyosho decided to re-launch this range of cars.[17] That, in combination with the different hub assembly of the HoBao Pirate and the fact that its wheels were 1cm taler[21], would have resulted in Kyosho having to make new Denloc Speedline replicas just for this version of the Porsche. Instead they chose to use a more common BBS design which was popular in the 80's and 90's with similar BBS designs also featured on the real cars[22][23]. The highly detailed and accurate Pirelli P-Zero tires of the HoBao version, were replaced with a Dunlop semi slick tire which would offer more grip on road surfaces (quote).
The body set could be bought separately as item no. GT-10/PS-73. The "PS" part description was used for the HoBao Pirate version of the car (PS standing for Porsche), the "GT" would be used for all the 1:8 scale road/rally cars up to the time of writing in 2019.
Audi V8 Quattro; item no. 3291 (1992–1994)[edit]
The Audi was the first 1:8 on-road car of the series which represented a specific real life race car. The body set is an accurate representation of the Audi Quattro which was driven by F. Biela in the 1990 and 1991 DTM championship for Team AZR.[24][25][26] The second car was driven by H.J. Stuck. however the decal sheet that came with the kit only contains Biela's name. The Audis which were used in the championships had BBS wheels with a similar style to those provided by Kyosho for the model.
The body set could also be bought separately as item no. GT-11.
Calsonic Skyline GTR R32; item no. 3293 (1992–1994)[edit]
The Calsonic Skyline GTR R32 was an accurate, if slightly rounder representation of the actual car that was used in the Group A race class.[27][circular reference] The flares on the model are proportianately wider than those on the actual car, which was an issue caused by the wide Inferno DX suspension arms which were being used at this time. Kyosho would address this with the release of the Espirt which also came with a new, and narrower Skyline body (quote).
The real car was a favourite among car and motorsport fans being calling it "Godzilla" for its dominance on the track, and also reached a new audience through its inclusion in Grand Tourismo game which was released for the Sony Gamestation.[28] As Kyosho was the only manufacturer producing both a 1:8 and 1:10 scale nitro powered, Nissan GTR R32 model at the time, they could profit from its popularity.
Marketing material shows that the Skyline was initially released with the BBS wheels (part no. GT-9) which were supplied with the Porsche and Audi[17] however replicas of the original 5 spoke wheels (part no. GT-13) were made available for the actual model. (quote)
The body set could also be bought separately as item no. GT-14
Notable optional parts[edit]
The "wide body" cars were compatible with all the optional parts which were suitable for the original Kyosho Inferno, which is an extensive list. In addition, special carbon parts, a 2 speed transmissions and a wider selection of tires would be released for the Esprit/Landmax which were also compatible with this car. These will be discussed in the "GP20 Esprit 4WD & Supereight GP Landmax 4WD" section of this article.
Box art and marketing material[edit]
After the Porsche Design influenced box of the HoBao based car, Kyosho returned to the traditional style of box art and marketing material used by its counterpart the Inferno DX. Interestingly the boxes for the Porsche and Audi do not have a picture of the Skyline version on the box art. There were no images of the Skyline GTR box art available at the time of writing (November 2020), to offer a more detailed description.
Collectibillity and current popularity (1994–)[edit]
The re-released Porsche 959 appears relatively frequently on the second-hand market, the Audi and Skyline are rarer and typically more sought after. Although more popular than the HoBao version, they are still not as sought after as other models of that time, and this can also be seen in the lack of forum activity, online resources and 3rd party re-production parts for these cars. The challenge for collectors is finding examples with good bodies, wheels and tires. As the rest of the car was essentially an entry level Inferno DX, most mechanical parts, with the exception of the GT2 & GT7 mufler, are available in abundance if one wants to restore the car to original condition.
These "wide-body" cars were not only wide but also had a significant overhang at the front and back. As there were no bumpers to prevent the bodies from caving inwards in the event of a crash, they are often cracked at the front and back making good, used bodies hard to find. This is an issue which Kyosho would later address with the larger front bumper (part GT-17B) and urethane foam piece (part 39401) which can be retroffited where necessary (comparison photo). In addition windscreen wipers and wing mirrors are often broken or missing and unfortunately due to the limited interest, there are no 3rd party suppliers for the bodies and accessories. As the BBS wheels and semi slick tires (parts GT-9 and GT-8 respectively)[21] were not sold with other kits they are also relatively rare.
Original decal sheets can occasionally be bought online, so if an example with a good body, wheels and tires can be found, they can be restored.
GP20 Esprit 4WD & Supereight GP Landmax 4WD (1994–2001)[edit]
Models & Specifications[edit]
In 1995, along with the rise in polulartiy of championships such as the European-based circuit races (DTM, BTC...) and world rally championships (WRC), Kyosho increased the commitment to its circuit and rally based 1:8 scale line up and created a brand for each.
Circuit cars would be branded as the GP20 Esprit 4WD, and the rally cars as the Supereight GP Landmax 4WD however both models are generally referred to as the "Supereight GP Landmax 4WD" series of cars.(quote/picture of catalogue) Main differences where the road vs. rally tires, a rear exhaust for the Esprit, and side exhaust for the Supereight Landmax. The body shells would fit on either chassis however the boxes of the body sets noted wether they were meant for the Esprit or Landmax chassis[29]. The "20" referred to the 2.1cc engine size.
Unlike the "wide body" cars, Kyosho also offered chassis kit of the Esprit GP20 without the bodies, making it possible to select any of the 15 bodies on offer.
Kyosho GP20 Esprit conversion set; item no. 39421 (???–???)[edit]
Before the full Esprit GP20 set was released, a conversion set was offered with which one could convert the Inferno buggies as well as the previous 3 "wide body" cars to the narrower 210mm track of the Esprit.[30] The set contained everything required to reduce the width as well as a set of smaller wheels and tires, and a larger front bumper to protect the front overhang of the shell. It did not however include the rear bumper which would be added in the full Esprit and Landmax kits. Those who converted the Inferno buggies had to purchase the raised shock stay/body mounts (GT-6) and, if necessary, the rear exhaust system (GT-2, GT-7) separately.
Kyosho Esprit GP20; item no. 31421 (1994–2001)[edit]
The Esprit GP20 was sold as a partially built chassis kit[30] and, unlike the Supereight GP Landmax, did not offer full kits which also included an engine and a body. Although the box art for the car did not change during its production run, the components in the kit did change over time.
- Black plastic shocks, later blue plastic?
- Box art, smooth front bumper
- GT17-B bumber is smooth on box art photos
Supereight GP Landmax 4WD; item no. 31771 (1994–2001)[edit]
The supereight GP and Landmax combined the chassis of the Esprit GP20 with different types of exhausts, wheels and tires, to suit the wide selection of bodies that represented either a circuit racer (Supereight / Esprit GP20), or a rally car (Landmax). Cars which were supplied with the smaller BS-104 front bumper could be upgraded to the larger GT-17 version[21] for bodies with a larger front overhang. The full kits were partially assembled and included Kyosho's own GS-21, pull-start engines which came in various versions depending on when the car was purchased. As these cars were also produced in parallel to the Kyosho MP7.5, it was not uncommon to find the engine and side exhaust of the Inferno 7.5 being sold with later models.[31]
| Full Kit | Body Set* | Exhaust | Wheels | Tires |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | KYOC2430 39481 Mercedes Benz CLK DTM (D2) | GT-2 | GT-38B | GTW-4 |
| - | KYOC2431 39482 Alfa Romeo 155 DTM | GT-2 | GT-37B | GTW-4 |
| - | KYOC2423 39483 Nissan Skyline GTR R32 (Zexel and Calsonic decals) | GT-2 | GT-37S | GTW-4 |
| Full Kit | Body Set* | Exhaust | Wheels | Tires |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # 31771 Mitsubishi Lancer | KYOC2397 39765 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution IV WRC | BS-64 | GT-37W | GT-43 |
| # 31772 Ford Escort | KYOC2100 39766 Ford Escort RS Cosworth WRC | BS-64 | GT-38W | GT-43 |
| # 31773 Subaru Impreza | KYOC2525 39767 99 Subaru Impreza WRX/555 WRC | BS-64 | GT-37W*** | GT-43 |
| # 31871 Volvo S40 | KYOC2552 39855 Volvo S40 | BS-64 | GT-46*** | GTW-4 |
| # 31872 Alfa Romeo | KYOC2541 39856 Alfa Romeo 156 | BS-64 | GT-46 | GTW-4 |
| # 31981 Toyota Corolla | KYOC2504 39981 Toyota Corolla WRC | BS-64 | GT-37W | GTW-4 |
| # 31982 Ford F-150 | KYOC2506 39982 Ford F-150 | GT-47 | GT-50 | GT-49 |
| # 31983 Altia Skyline | KYOC2470 39983 Nissan Skyline GTR R34 (Altia decals) | BS-64 | GT-52 | GTW-4 |
| # 31983 Lancia Stratos | KYOC2393 39984 Lancia Stratos WRC | GT-2 + GT-7 | GT-53 + GT-54 | GTW-4 |
*These are the numbers for the body kits if they were be bought seperately.[33]
**Different parts used for marketing material and set
***Painted silver in marketing material[1]
****Painted gold in marketing material
Ford F150 Landmax ST ; item no. 31771 (1994–2001)[edit]
Officially a part of the Supereight GP Landmax 4WD family, this truck is unique both due to the parts it contained, and it's overlap with the Inferno-ST model from a market point of view. Up until this point there had been a clear distinction between the Esprit GP20/Landmax brand, which represented circuit and race cars, and the Inferno brand. However with the Landmax F-150 and Inferno-ST Kyosho had a stadium truck in the Landmax and Inferno series which mainly had cosmetic differences (see table below). The later Landmax 2 series did not feature a stadium truck, but the Inferno ST series continued. The Inferno ST stadium truck series is now one of the most popular line ups (quote).
Overview of main differences between the models which used the Inferno DX platform[edit]
| Part name | Inferno DXI | Re-launched "Wide body" | Esprit 20 Conv. Set | Esprit20 | Supereight GP Landmax I | Kyosho Inferno ST | Inferno DXII Limited | |
| 1 | Differential ring gear | BS121 | BS121 | BS121 | BS121 | BS121 | ||
| 2 | Differential pinion gear | BS121 | BS121 | BS121 | BS121 | BS121 | ||
| 3 | Differential bevel gear (S) | BS37 (1 pair per diff) | BS37 (1 pair per diff) | BS37 (1 pair per diff) | BS37 (1 pair per diff) | BS37 (1 pair per diff) | ||
| 4 | Differential bevel gear (L) | BS36 | BS36 | BS36 | BS36 | BS36 | ||
| 5 | Tires | BSW40 | GT8 | GT39 | GT43 | BSW40 | ||
| 6 | Wheels | BS105 | GT9 | GT37w | GT37w | BS105 | ||
| 7 | Chassis | BS120 | BS120 | GT28 | GT28 | GT28 | ||
| 8 | Front Bumper | BS104 | BS104 | GT17b with 39401 | BS104 | BS104 | ||
| 9 | Rear Bumper | - | - | GT18 | GT18 | - | ||
| 11 | Ball bearings | Metal bushings | Metal bushings | ? | ? | Ball bearings | ||
| 12 | Wing | BSW5 (Lexan) | - | - | - | BSW71KY (Plastic)*** | ||
| 13 | Shocks | 2001 & 2002 black plastic | 2001 & 2002 black plastic | W-5141BL & W5143BL blue plastic | W-5141BL & W5143BL blue plastic | BSW27 + BSW28 | ||
| 14 | Front axels | BS45 (Dog Bones) | BS45 (Dog Bones) | BS45 (Dog Bones) | BS45 (Dog Bones) | BS45 (Dog Bones) | ||
| 15 | Upper Suspension Arms | BS7 | BS7 | GT32 | GT32 | BS7 | ||
| 16 | Lower Suspension Arms | BS56 | BS56 | GT31 | GT31 | BS56 | ||
| 17 | Rod Set | BS23 & BS67 | BS23 & BS67 | GT36 | GT36 | GT36 | BS23 & BS67 | |
| 18 | Front hub carriers | BS57 | BS57 | BS8 | BS8 | BS57 | ||
| 19 | Rear hub carriers | BS9 | BS9 | GT-33Z | GT-33Z | BS9 | ||
| 20 | Front body mount | - | GT6 | GT6 | GT6 | - | ||
| 21 | Front shock tower | BS110 | BS110 | BS110 | BS110 | BS110 | ||
| 22 | Plate Set | BS115 + BS116 | BS115 + BS116 | BS115 + BS116 | BS115 + BS116 | BS115 + BS116 (both blue anodized) | ||
| 23 | Rear shock tower | - | GT6 | GT6 | GT6 | - | ||
| 24 | Front swaybar | - | BSW79 | BSW79 | BSW79 | - | ||
| 25 | Rear swaybar | - | BS63 | BS63 | BS63 | - | ||
| 26 | Center Diff | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 27 | Spur gear | BS122 | GT1 | GT1 | GT1 | BS122 | ||
| 28 | Side Guards | BS68 | GT44b | GT44b | GT44b | BS68 | ||
| 29 | Fuel tank | BS28 | BS28 | BS65 | BS65 | BS65 | ||
| 30 | Push choke button | - | - | KY96321 | KY96321 | KY96321 | ||
| 31 | Exhaust | BS123 | GT7 | GT7 with FD33 | BS64 | BS64 | ||
| 32 | Manifold | BS124 | GT2 | GT2 & BS26 | GT2 & BS26 | BS26 | ||
| 33 | Fan | - | - | GT3 & GT4 | GT3 & GT4 | - | ||
| 34 | Engine | Kyosho GS21CR (optional)* | Kyosho GS21CR (optional)* | - | Kyosho GS21X | Kyosho GS21X |
* Inlcuded in most kits, it is indicated if it is not.
** Kyosho changed the part numbering of BS20 universal joint to IFW62 in the later references.
*** Kyosho eventually changed the part numbering of the BSW71 wing to IFW213. The color codes and colors for all wings are the same with the exception of IFW-213KY which is a neon yellow instead of the regular yellow of part BSW-71KY.
Landmax 2 (2001–2005)[edit]
Models & Specifications[edit]
The Landmax 2 was a complete redesign based on the Kyosho Inferno 7.5 off-road Buggy[1]. The car was released with new WRC bodies in line with the cars which were currently competing on the world stage. There were no new Touring Car bodies produced for the Landmax 2 however all the bodies of the Landmax 1 would fit with slightly different mounting holes.
Overview of main differences between the models which used the Inferno DX platform[33]
| Full Kit | Body Set* | Exhaust | Wheels | Tires |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # 31171 Subaru Impreza WRC | KYOC2407 39161 01 Subaru Impreza WRX WRC | |||
| # 31172 Peugeot 206 WRC | KYOC2439 39162 01 Peugeot 206 WRC | |||
| # 31291 LANCER Evolution VII WRC | ?? Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VII WRC | |||
| # 31173 Lancia Stratos Rally | KYOC2393 39984 Lancia Stratos WRC |
A more permanent change to the appearance of the Landmax 2 was the transition to the 17mm wheel hubs from the Inferno 7.5 ( part IFW-107b). The consequence being that all the previous wheels which fit the 19mm hubs of the Landmax 1 and Inferno buggies were no longer compatible without a conversion.
https://www.classic.rc-junkies.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Kyosho-Landmax-Part-list.pdf
GT (2005-2012)[edit]
Models & Specifications[edit]
SUBARU IMPREZA WRC 4WD GP INFERNO GT 31811 (2005)[34]
The machine that fired up the European racing scene is back![35]
Newly developed high output [GXR28] engine is the power behind the new "Inferno GT" series!!
~Mounted with GXR28 Engine fitted with recoil starter
~The exciting Subaru Impressa from the 2004 WRC reappears as a 1/8 sized machine in all its glory.
~Equipped with 2-speed automatic transmission.
~Shaft driven 4WD system is factory assembled.
~Inferno 7.5 chassis optimized for rally racing. Wider tread produces optimal cornering on any surface.
~Huge variety of Inferno optional parts available to add even more performance.
ReadySet Contents
- Assembled Chassis with Pre-Installed R/C Linkages
- Mounted GXR28 Engine with Recoil Starter
- Special Manifold and Muffler
- Pre-painted, Pre-cut Body complete with decals attached
- Perfex KT3DX / 2-ch. 2-servo (KS302 servos) R/C System
- Plug Heater
- Fuel Bottle
- * Fuel, 12 x AA-sized batteries for R/C System, and 2 x D-size batteries for plug heater are not included. Kit Included Accessories
- Plug Heater
- Cross Wrench
- Fuel Bottle Required for operation: (Not Included)
- Glow engine fuel only
- D-size Batteries X2 (For plug heater)
- AA-size Batteries X12 (For transmitter and Receiver Chassis Technical Data:
- Length: 480mm
- Width: 310mm
- Height: 135mm
- Weight: 3,300g (approx.)
- Wheelbase: 325mm
- Gear Ratio: 8.37 / 10.87 : 1
- Chassis Height: 10mm
- Tread (F/R): 262mm / 265mm
- Tires (F/R): 91 x 48mm
- Engine: GXR28 with Recoil Starter GXR28 Engine
- Displacement: 4.53cc
GT 2 (2012-2018)[edit]
Models & Specifications[edit]
1/8 InfernoGT2 r/s Mclaren F1 GTR 31827 (April 2009)[36]
1/8 InfernoGT2 RACESPEC r/s 458 Italia 31838 (March 2014)
INFERNO GT2 RACE SPEC Audi R8 LMS Red w/KT-331P 1/8 GP 4WD Readyset RTR 33006
INFERNO GT2 RACE SPEC Audi R8 LMS 1/8 GP 4WD Readyset RTR 31835 (May 2012)
INFERNO GT2 VE RACE SPEC Audi R8 1/8 EP(BL) 4WD Readyset RTR 30935 (August 2012)
INFERNO GT2 RACE SPEC Audi R8 LMS Red w/KT-331P 1/8 GP 4WD Readyset RTR 33006 (Apr. 2017)
INFERNO GT2 VE RACE SPEC AUDI R8 LMS Red w/KT-331P 1/8 EP(BL) 4WD Readyset RTR 34102 (Sept. 2017)
Inferno GT2 r/s Aston Martin DBR9 31828 (Date?)
1/8 GP 4WD kit INFERNO GT2 Type-R 33005 (Oct 2015)
1/8 r/s INFERNO GT2 VE RACE SPEC CORVETT 30938 (Oct 2012)
INFERNO GT2 RACE SPEC CORVETTE 1/8 GP 4WD Readyset RTR 31833 (May 2012)
INFERNO GT2 RACE SPEC Ceptor 1/8 GP 4WD Readyset RTR 31836 (October 2012)
INFERNO GT2 VE RACE SPEC Ceptor 1/8 EP(BL) 4WD Readyset RTR 30937 (October 2012)
I
NFERNO GT2 RACE SPEC Aston Martin 1/8 GP 4WD Readyset RTR 31834 (July 2012)
GP 4WD RALLY CAR INFERNO GT2 Kit with SIRIO S24T Engine 31830S24
INFERNO GT2 RACE SPEC 2018 Dodge Challenger SRT Demon w/KT-331P 1/8 GP 4WD Readyset RTR 33008 (Jan 2018)
INFERNO GT2 VE RACE SPEC 2018 Dodge Challenger SRT Demon w/KT-331P 1/8 EP(BL) 4WD Readyset RTR 34103B (March 2018)
INFERNO GT2 VE RACE SPEC 2018 Dodge Challenger SRT Demon Go Mango w/KT-331P 1/8 EP 4WD Readyset RTR 34107 (Sept 2019)
INFERNO GT2 RACE SPEC 2018 Dodge Challenger SRT Demon Go Mango w/KT-331P 1/8 GP 4WD Readyset RTR 33018 (Sept 2019)
GT 3 (2017-)[edit]
Models & Specifications[edit]
INFERNO GT3 1/8 GP 4WD CHASSIS KIT 33010 (July 2017)
External references and citations[edit]
External references[edit]
- Vintage Kyosho Thread at rcmagvintage.com
- Kyosho Thread on Retromodelisme
- Kyosho Thread on Tamiyaclub.com
- Vintage Kyosho Buggy Thread on RCUniverse.com
- Kyosho Thread on RC-Forum.de
Works cited[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Kyosho GP Landmax History". classic.rc-junkies. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kyosho Wide Body Audi Esprit/GP20 by Integrafan". tamiyaclub.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kyosho Inferno History". Neobuggy.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Kyosho Prestige". Tamiyaclub.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "HoBao Pirate on Pinterest". Pinterest. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Kyosho Prestige Marketing Video". youtube. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Hobao Pirate and Graupner Impulse 2000". rcmagvintage.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Porsche 959". tamiyaclub.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Brief history of the GP Landmax 4WD". tamiyaclub.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kyosho Nissan 240z Fairlady". rcscrapyard.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Porsche 959 Instruction Manual". retromodelisme.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Kyosho Porsche 959 by Integrafan on Tamiya Club". tamiyaclub.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Kyosho Turbo Inferno". Rétro Modélisme. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Porsche Design". Porsche Design. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kyosho Prestige unboxing". Tamiyaclub.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Porsche 959 box without engine included". Classic RC Junkies. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 "Kyosho Audi V8 Quattro". TamiyaClub. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Porsche 959". autojunk.nl. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kyosho Supereight Porsche 959 and Audi V8 Quattro promotional video". YouTube. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Porsche 959 box with engine included". liverc.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "Unofficial Landmax parts list" (PDF). classic.rc-junkies.net. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Audi museum". fourtitude.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Nissan GTR R31". japanese nostalgic car. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "F. Biela at Donnington 1991". Twitter.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "F. Biela Audi Quattro 1991 Hockenheimring". YouTube. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "H. Stuck Audi Quattro Norisring 1990". Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "R32 Calsonic Skyline in Group A race". Wikipedia. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "History of the GT-R (Dutch)". Autoblog.nl. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kyosho Esprit GP20 Mercedes Benz CLK Box-Art". classic.rc-junkies. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 30.0 30.1 "GP20 Esprit Conversion set". tamiyaclub.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Toyota Corrola Landmax with 3 generations of parts". tamiyaclub.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kyosho Manuals on Retromodelisme.com". Retromodelisme. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Ful list of Landmax models". rcscrapyard.net. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kyosho GT on rcscrapyard.net". rcscrapyard.net. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Product description of GT on RCmart.com". RCmart.com. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Product description of GT2". hobbydirekt.de. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)
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