Labour Migration from Nepal

Labour Migration from Nepal is a migration of citizens of Nepal to the foreign countries for employment and income genaration. Labour migration has been a household strategy of many Nepalese families for better income and improved living standard and has become a major source of remittance for the nation.

History and Terminology

History of foreign employment in Nepal starts in medieval time with great sculpture Arniko moved to China awith 80 sculpture and masons along with in 1260 A.D. During the Mughal rule in India handful Nepalese people had been to Delhi and other cities that coined the connotation Muglāne, (Nepali:“मुग्लाने”) initially used to denote migrant workers appeared in early 18th century which literally means “Person employed in the country of Mughals”. Later the term refers to the numerous Nepalese- economic migrants working from the late Mughal till early British India rule. After Gorkha's defeat in the Anglo Nepal War some Gorkha soldiers in leadership of Balbhadra Singh Kunbar fled to Lahore and joined in the army there. Following many Nepalese joined army of various states of medival India. In the British India time the term Lāhure “(Nepali:लाहुरे)” , literal meaning "army working in Lahore" was coined . During the time huge number of Nepalese Labours worked in road construction, tea plantation, coal mining, porting etc. in various cities of India. Later any type of Nepalese migrant worker working in British India was called Lahure. The term Lahure is still in use which is respectful term especially used to address the Gurkha working in foreign armed forces. The terms labour migrants is used for any type of foreign employee in the modern days.

Major professions

Army and security services has been an attraction of Nepalese people as foreign employment in the past. The formal labor migration in Nepal started at the beginning of the 19th century after the Anglo Nepalese War 1814-1816. When Gurkha soldiers demonstrated gallantry during the World War I and World War II Nepalese youth were highly demanded and recruited into the British armed forces as the British-Gurkha regiment followed by Indian Army , Brunei Army and Singapore Police. Demand of Nepalese guards is encouraging many youths to join private security services abroad. After the Peace treaty of peace and friendship in 1950, people of Nepal and India could travel freely, which gave the opportunity for Nepalese youth to move to India for work in different sectors like tea gardens, restaurants, factories, etc.

In modern days the field of work has been diversified and Nepalese migrant workers are employed in various sectors across the globe. Ranging from Security to sales and marketing, Heavy equipment handling to software engineering, Data science to biotechnologies.

Major Destinations

Middle east countries i.e. Qatar, UAE, KSA, Oman are the main attractions for low and semi skilled manpower. Similarly South Korea , Malaysia, are also good destinations. Australia, Canada, USA and European countries are also attracting a mentionable semi skilled and high skilled manpower.

Statistics

(Current estimation of Nepalese working in foreign countries)

The number of foreign labor permits issued showed a steady increase from 2008/9 until 2014/15 but the number dropped due to the devastating earthquake . Between 2008/9 and 2016/17, 3.5 million foreign employment permits were issued by the Department of Foreign Employment (around 14% of Nepal’s total population). On average, 95.2% of the permits were issued to males, and 4.7% to females (Thapa & Ghimire, 2018). Most migrants fall into the 26-35 age group (47.5%) and the 36-45 age group (25.9%).

Contribution to the National Economy

Foreign employment is one of the major source of income of Nepali family but this does not only help the family members but remittance has also played a vital role to the economy of the nation. In 2023, Nepal received around USD 11 billion remittances which is 26% of country's GDP. In 2018, Nepal became the 8th highest remittance receving country in the world and the first within South Asian countries based on its contribution to GDP.

Cultural Transformation

Nepalese migrant workers have made a significant contribution in the cultural transformation abroad and social change in the nation. Gurkha Warriors fought in the World War I and World War II have brought about hope of change in the country, before which Nepal was kept in darkness because general people had restricted to exit the country and outer people were not allowed to enter inside the territory of the country during the autocratic Rana Regime . Gurkha fighters were the first Nepalese people who had exposure to the outer world.

See also

• Economy of Nepal

See Also

• Migrant Worker
• Labour Migration
• Remittances to Nepal

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