Landmark Fluoride Trial
Landmark Fluoride Trial
In 2016, under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976[1][2], a group of non-profits and individuals[3] petitioned the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to end the addition of fluoridation chemicals into drinking water due to fluoride's neurotoxicity[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The EPA rejected the petition and, in response, in 2017, the groups sued the EPA in Federal Court.
In 2017, Moms Against Fluoridation[12] along with other nonprofit organizations, including Fluoride Action Network, Food & Water Watch, Organic Consumers Association, American Academy of Environmental Medicine, International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology and mothers on behalf of their children[13], filed a lawsuit against the EPA. The lawsuit was brought to force the EPA to regulate the addition of Fluoride to public water sources. Regulation of fluoride, Attorneys and plaintiffs claim, and the judge upheld in his ruling on the EPA's motion to dismiss (Chen, 2017), is the EPA's responsibility under the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976:
"The Toxic Substances Control Act (“TSCA”)‟s Section 6(a) requires Defendant United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) to regulate the use of certain chemical substances that it determines pose an unreasonable risk to health or the environment. 15 U.S.C. § 2605(a). Section 6(b) requires the EPA to perform its own sua sponte evaluation of the risks posed by certain chemical substances “under the conditions of use.” 15 U.S.C. § 2605(b)(4)(A). The statute defines the “conditions of use” as “the circumstances, as determined by the Administrator, under which a chemical substance is intended, known, or reasonably foreseen to be manufactured, processed, distributed in commerce, used, or disposed of.” 15 U.S.C. § 2602(4)[14]."
Attorneys for the plaintiffs defeated the EPA's motion to dismiss[14], requests to limit discovery[15], and the EPA's Motion for Summary Judgement[16]. The case has proceeded through the discovery phase, including months of intense discovery and dozens of depositions of key witnesses from the scientific community and the EPA. A 7-day trial was held in June 2020. The next phase of the trial will begin in January, 2024 and will be broadcast via Zoom.
Additional information can be found at the websites of the involved parties.
References
- ↑ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (October 11, 2023). "Summary of the Toxic Substances Control Act". EPA.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
- ↑ 94th United States Congress, 1976 (January 28, 2023). "Toxic Substances Control Act" (PDF). GOVINFO.GOV. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
- ↑ "GovInfo". www.govinfo.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ↑ Grandjean, Philippe (2019-12-19). "Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review". Environmental Health. 18 (1): 110. doi:10.1186/s12940-019-0551-x. ISSN 1476-069X. PMC 6923889 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31856837. - ↑ Avenue, 677 Huntington; Boston; Ma 02115 (2012-07-25). "Impact of fluoride on neurological development in children". News. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ↑ Kall, Dr Jack (2023-03-28). "Fluoride: Neurotoxic at ANY Level According to National Toxicology Program Report; Fluoridation Policy Threatened". IAOMT. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ↑ Bittencourt, Leonardo Oliveira; Dionizio, Aline; Ferreira, Maria Karolina Martins; Aragão, Walessa Alana Bragança; de Carvalho Cartágenes, Sabrina; Puty, Bruna; do Socorro Ferraz Maia, Cristiane; Zohoori, Fatemeh Vida; Buzalaf, Marília Afonso Rabelo; Lima, Rafael Rodrigues (2023-07-08). "Prolonged exposure to high fluoride levels during adolescence to adulthood elicits molecular, morphological, and functional impairments in the hippocampus". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 11083. Bibcode:2023NatSR..1311083B. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38096-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10329641 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 37422569 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Grandjean, Philippe; Meddis, Alessandra; Nielsen, Flemming; Beck, Iben H; Bilenberg, Niels; Goodman, Carly V; Hu, Howard; Till, Christine; Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben (2023-10-05). "Dose dependence of prenatal fluoride exposure associations with cognitive performance at school age in three prospective studies". European Journal of Public Health. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckad170. ISSN 1101-1262. PMID 37798092 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Xia, Yuting; Xu, Yan; Shi, Ming; Liu, Song; Liu, Suwan; Wang, Hui; Dai, Chaoyong; Ye, Yunjie; Liu, Mao; Shang, Li; Wang, Yang; Wang, Peihua (2023-09-23). "Effects of High-Water Fluoride Exposure on IQ Levels in School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jiangsu, China". Exposure and Health. doi:10.1007/s12403-023-00597-2. ISSN 2451-9685. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Dewey, Deborah; England-Mason, Gillian; Ntanda, Henry; Deane, Andrea J.; Jain, Mandakini; Barnieh, Nadia; Giesbrecht, Gerald F.; Letourneau, Nicole (2023-09-15). "Fluoride exposure during pregnancy from a community water supply is associated with executive function in preschool children: A prospective ecological cohort study". Science of the Total Environment. 891: 164322. Bibcode:2023ScTEn.891p4322D. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164322. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 37236475 Check
|pmid=value (help). Unknown parameter|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Wang, Dongxu; Yin, Kai; Zhang, Yue; Lu, Hongmin; Hou, Lulu; Zhao, Hongjing; Xing, Mingwei (2023-08-15). "Fluoride induces neutrophil extracellular traps and aggravates brain inflammation by disrupting neutrophil calcium homeostasis and causing ferroptosis". Environmental Pollution. 331 (Pt 1): 121847. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121847. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 37209896 Check
|pmid=value (help). Unknown parameter|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ "Lawsuit | Moms Against Fluoridation". momsagainstfluoridation.org. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ↑ "GovInfo". www.govinfo.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Chen, Edward (December 21, 2017). "ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO DISMISS" (PDF). GOVINFO.GOV. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
- ↑ "GovInfo". www.govinfo.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ↑ "Food & Water Watch, Inc., et al. v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al. | United States Courts". www.uscourts.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
This article "Landmark Fluoride Trial" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Landmark Fluoride Trial. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
