Legacy of Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev[lower-alpha 1] (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, serving between 1985 and 1991. During his time as Soviet leader, he introduced a number of significant policies, including glasnost ("openness"), perestroika ("restructuring"), the holding of the first partially free elections in Soviet history, the negotiation of the New Union Treaty, as well as overseeing the Chernobyl disaster. Internationally, he oversaw the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, German reunification, the normalisation of Sino-Soviet relations, and the negotiation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. His final years as leader were marked by a significant rise in instability within the Soviet Union, both economic and social, and a loss of legitimacy for the Union and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, leading to the Parade of sovereignties and War of Laws between the Union's constituent states and the Union, as well as tensions between Soviet republics, such as the outbreak of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. His time as leader ultimately culminated with the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt and the Dissolution of the Soviet Union four months later.
Gorbachev's legacy has proven to be divisive. Supporters point to...
However, critics of Gorbachev's leadership...
Background
Collapse of the Soviet Union
1990s Russian economic collapse
Lithuania
Post-Soviet conflicts
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
End of the Cold War
German reunification
NATO expansion controversy
Nuclear weapons
Freedom of the press
Environment
Green Cross International Chernobyl disaster
Evaluations by communists
Ideologically a Marxist-Leninist, Gorbachev...
Other
Notes
- ↑ UK: /ˈɡɔːrbətʃɒf,
ˌɡɔːrbəˈtʃɒf/, US: /-tʃɔːf, -tʃɛf/;[1][2][3] Russian: Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪdʑ ɡərbɐˈtɕɵf] ( 
listen)
References
- ↑ "Gorbachev" Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ↑ "Gorbachev, Mikhail" Archived 13 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionaries, accessed 4 February 2019
- ↑ "Gorbachev". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
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