Liberation ideologies in Communist China

Throughout history, many ideologies have emerged as result of complex social, economic and political issues. Ideologies play a role in the means to achieving a goal, not necessarily the objective. Two opposing ideologies may possess the same end goal. Liberation ideologies serve the marginalized and oppressed. Liberation Ideologies are policies and legal statutes that aim to liberate a marginalised class of society; women, immigrants, animals, the environment, natives, and the LGBT community are a few examples. "Liberation ideologies share several core, or common, features. The first is that each addresses a particular audience-blacks or women or gays and lesbians, native or aboriginal people, poor peasants, or even people distressed by the mistreatment of animals."

Background

The Communist Party of China believes that the reform they initiated was successful in liberating the Chinese people from the exploitation of capitalism. Mao Zedong was able to modify Karl Marx's theories to better fit with Chinese culture and society. The most notable difference between the ideologies was his push to forcefully transition urban citizens to rural districts in an attempt to redefine social constructs and create a more collectivist society. Communism in China has continued to diverge from Marxism since its adoption. Due single-party nature of the Communist Party of China, the party has been able to continue to adapt the principles of communism to fit the party's goals. Many of the ideologies in liberation theory are not accepted, nor is there a uniform policy standard currently in place. Mao Zedong was the national hero of China.

Liberating women

"Since women constitute fully half of the human race, feminism has proved to be a particularly important and influential liberation ideology." Women were considered liberated as well, Mao was able to liberate women by ensuring all citizens would earn the same rations regardless of sex along with granting them the right to initiate divorce, work in industries they normally couldn't, and prevented foot binding and other practices in the patriarchal society. "During the Cultural Revolution women made substantial gains. Many broke into higher-paying jobs in industry, developed as political leaders, challenged ideas of women’s inferiority, and began to dig up the Confucian-patriarchal roots of women’s oppression in China." Reading Factory Girls, by Leslie T. Chang, gives us an insight of the transition from rural to urban life; from a woman’s perspective. Wu Chungming, one of Chang’s main subjects, has adapted incredibly well. Although, adapting isn’t necessarily a good thing in her case. In the province of Dongguan, dishonesty, corruption, bribery, and unethical business practices are rampant. She is a professional and well connected and is capable of successful navigating in this harsh and unforgiving environment. She has lived in 7 different towns within Dongguan, moved residences 17 times, and rose from the factory clerk in Qingxi to starting her own business and maintaining employment in sales with a construction materials company. She has been learning English through the “assembly line process” noted throughout the book.

Liberating rural communities

"Mao said the Chinese people have stood up, and they had. Imperialism in China came to a stop, almost completely, really. The Chinese Communist Party kicked out foreign powers, very politely, and for workers in China the Revolution meant some kind of dignity, some kind of respect, and hope as well." Mao enforced many policies that helped specific groups of rural communities. "In 1958–59, the Great Leap Forward brought millions more women out of the home and into the labor force. On the people’s communes, networks of nurseries and kindergartens were built to enable women to work in the fields and on construction projects. As women joined the workforce with the support of local Women’s Associations, more women became in charge of their production teams and were recruited into the party."

Protecting the environment

The People's Republic of China protects the environment through its Ministry of Environmental Protection. Although, throughout the 21st century, China has maintained the status as the worlds largest producer of carbon. "The U.S. is responsible for about one-fifth of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions. That’s a lot of carbon—enough, seemingly, to make reductions worthwhile for their own sake. But the conservatives are right when the say the U.S. is no longer the world's most prodigious producer. That distinction belongs to China."

Classes that have yet to be liberated

"The government's message to millions of migrant workers: Take your children with you to the cities if you can and, at the very least, check on them regularly if you have to leave them behind." The difficulty with liberating migrant workers revolves around corruption within the CCP and in private industry. "Most migrant workers leave their kids at home because a rigid household registration system -- called hukou -- means the children are often denied education and health care in the cities. "I'm happy to hear there are new regulations," said 73-year-old old Tang Xinying. "I just doubt the local authorities will implement them -- they only care about themselves." Along with migrant workers, any new political organization is strictly forbidden. The CCP is the only political party as The People's Republic of China is a one-party state.

References

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