Liposomal supplement
Liposomes can act as delivery vehicles for a wide spectrum of bioactive compounds[1][2]. Liposomes are small spherical vesicles consisting of one or more membranes surrounding aqueous compartments. Structurally, these membranes consist of bilayers of phospholipids, natural molecules which are also the main component of human cell membranes. Because of the presence of water as well as a lipid compartment within one liposome particle, both water soluble and poorly water soluble compounds can be incorporated in liposomes. Until recently, the use of liposomes in medicine was mainly restricted to their use as pharmaceuticals. Their application as nutraceuticals is currently rapidly evolving, mainly inspired by the possibility that liposomal incorporation can enhance the often poor uptake of nutraceutical compounds into the bloodstream after oral intake.
Nutraceuticals
The term nutraceutical combines the words nutrient and pharmaceutical, originally coined by Stephen DeFelice, who defined nutraceuticals as “food or part of a food that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease”[3]. However, currently, there is no conclusive definition of nutraceuticals yet, to distinguish them from other food‐derived categories, such as food (dietary) supplements, herbal products, pre‐ and probiotics, functional foods, and fortified foods[4]. Generally, this term is used to describe any product derived from food sources which is expected to provide health benefits in addition to the nutritional value of daily food. A wide range of nutrients or other substances with nutritional or physiological effects (EU Directive 2002/46/EC) might be present in these products, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids, fibres and various plants and herbal extracts.
Advantages of liposomal nutraceuticals
Liposomal nutraceuticals contain bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects. The encapsulation of bioactive compounds in liposomes is attractive as liposomes have been shown to be able to overcome serious hurdles bioactives would otherwise encounter in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract upon oral intake[5]. Poor water solubility and degradation during their passage through the GI tract are often strongly limiting the entry of these compounds into the bloodstream. Liposome encapsulation can increase the arrival of such compounds in the blood circulation (bioavailability) by providing solubilization and protection. The exact mechanisms by which liposomes are able to increase the bioavailability of such compounds are still under investigation. As liposomes are composed of building blocks that are also naturally occurring as major components of cell membranes in the human body, they are biodegradable and safe for oral use.
References
- ↑ Filipczak, Nina; Pan, Jiayi; Yalamarty, Satya Siva Kishan; Torchilin, Vladimir P. (2020). "Recent advancements in liposome technology". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 156: 4–22. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.022. PMID 32593642 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Crommelin, Daan J.A.; van Hoogevest, Peter; Storm, Gert (2020). "The role of liposomes in clinical nanomedicine development. What now? Now what?". Journal of Controlled Release. 318: 256–263. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.023. PMID 31846618.
- ↑ DeFelice, Stephen L. (1995-02-XX). "The nutraceutical revolution: its impact on food industry R&D". Trends in Food Science & Technology. 6 (2): 59–61. doi:10.1016/S0924-2244(00)88944-X. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Santini, Antonello; Cammarata, Silvia Miriam; Capone, Giacomo; Ianaro, Angela; Tenore, Gian Carlo; Pani, Luca; Novellino, Ettore (2018-04-XX). "Nutraceuticals: opening the debate for a regulatory framework: Nutraceutical regulatory framework". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 84 (4): 659–672. doi:10.1111/bcp.13496. PMC 5867125. PMID 29433155. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Porter, Christopher J. H.; Trevaskis, Natalie L.; Charman, William N. (2007-03-XX). "Lipids and lipid-based formulations: optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 6 (3): 231–248. doi:10.1038/nrd2197. ISSN 1474-1776. PMID 17330072. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help); Check date values in:|date=(help)
Liposomal supplement
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