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List of Coronavirus live isolates

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


This article aims at keeping an up-to-date list of Coronavirus strains and subspecies successfully isolated and cultured in laboratory, a task which is often challenging. When relevant it shall include a few synthetic chimera as well as some strains that were only propagated in laboratory animals.

Alphacoronavirus

Tegacovirus

Betacoronavirus

Merbecovirus

  • HKU5 SARS-S chimera [15]
  • HKU5 and a MERS PDF-2180-S chimera, with trypsin [16]
  • Various MERS HKU4-RBD chimera [17]
  • HKU4 [18]
  • MERS [19]
  • HKU4-like Pangolin Coronavirus [20][21]

Embecovirus

Sarbecovirus

  • SARS [29]
  • HKU3 SARS-RBD synthetic recombinant [30]
  • bat-SL-CoV ZC45 (in suckling rats) [31]
  • WIV1 [32]
  • RsSHC014 (synthetic clone) [33]
  • WIV16 [34]
  • WIV1 Rs4874-S synthetic chimera [35]
  • Rs4874 and two synthetic chimera WIV1 Rs7237-S and WIV1 Rs4231-S [36]
  • SARS-CoV-2 [37]
  • BANAL-236 [38]
  • Pangolin Guangxi P2V [39][40]
  • Rco319, Rc-os20, Rc-mk2, Rc-kw8 (in Vero with Rc-ACE2)[41]
  • WIV1 Rs4081-S synthetic chimera (with trypsin). In the spike it is a member of clade 2 (including HKU3).[42]
  • WIV1 RsSHC014-S1 chimera[43]
  • Two clade 1 viruses (using ACE2) RsYN2012 and RsYN2016 and one clade 2 virus (not using ACE2) RsHuB2019 in Huh7 cells with trypsin.[44]
  • pangolin/Guangdong, in Vero cells, human organoids, hACE2 mice, hamsters [45][46]

Gammacoronavirus

  • Avian coronavirus (IBV) [47]
  • Turkey coronavirus[48]

Deltacoronavirus

References

  1. ↑ Becker, W. B.; McIntosh, K.; Dees, J. H.; Chanock, R. M. (1967). "Morphogenesis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus and a Related Human Virus (Strain 229E)". Journal of Virology. 1 (5): 1019–1027. doi:10.1128/JVI.1.5.1019-1027.1967. PMC 375381. PMID 5630226.
  2. ↑ van der Hoek, Lia; Pyrc, Krzysztof; Jebbink, Maarten F; Vermeulen-Oost, Wilma; Berkhout, Ron J M; Wolthers, Katja C; Wertheim-van Dillen, Pauline M E; Kaandorp, Jos; Spaargaren, Joke; Berkhout, Ben (April 2004). "Identification of a new human coronavirus". Nature Medicine. 10 (4): 368–373. Bibcode:2004NatMe..10..368V. doi:10.1038/nm1024. PMC 7095789 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 15034574.
  3. ↑ Liu, Kuo; Tang, Muxue; Xu, Wei; Meng, Xinfeng; Jin, Hengwei; Han, Maoying; Pu, Jing; Li, Yutang; Jiao, Fanke; Sun, Ruilin; Shen, Ruling; Lui, Kathy O.; Lu, Lu; Zhou, Bin (2023). "An inducible hACE2 transgenic mouse model recapitulates SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis in vivo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 120 (25). Bibcode:2023PNAS..12007210L. doi:10.1073/pnas.2207210120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 10288645 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37307455 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Hofmann, M.; Wyler, R. (1988). "Propagation of the Virus of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea in Cell Culture". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 26 (11): 2235–2239. doi:10.1128/jcm.26.11.2235-2239.1988. PMC 266866. PMID 2853174.
  5. ↑ Hofmann, M.; Wyler, R. (1988). "Propagation of the virus of porcine epidemic diarrhea in cell culture. - PMC". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 26 (11): 2235–2239. doi:10.1128/jcm.26.11.2235-2239.1988. PMC 266866. PMID 2853174.
  6. ↑ Pensaert, M. B.; De Bouck, P. (1978). "A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine". Archives of Virology. 58 (3): 243–247. doi:10.1007/BF01317606. PMC 7086830 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 83132.
  7. ↑ Li, Zhiwei; Ma, Zhiqian; Dong, Linfang; Yang, Ting; Li, Yang; Jiao, Dian; Han, Weiguo; Zheng, Haixue; Xiao, Shuqi (2022). "Molecular Mechanism of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Cell Tropism". mBio. 13 (2). doi:10.1128/mbio.03739-21. PMC 9040822 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35285698 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Wang, Xiaona; Qiao, Xinyuan; Sui, Ling; Zhao, Haiyuan; Li, Fengsai; Tang, Yan-Dong; Shi, Wen; Guo, Yuyao; Jiang, Yanping; Wang, Li; Zhou, Han; Tang, Lijie; Xu, Yigang; Li, Yijing (2020). "Establishment of stable Vero cell lines expressing TMPRSS2 and MSPL: A useful tool for propagating porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the absence of exogenous trypsin". Virulence. 11 (1): 669–685. doi:10.1080/21505594.2020.1770491. PMC 7550007 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32471322 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Edwards, Caitlin E.; Yount, Boyd L.; Graham, Rachel L.; Leist, Sarah R.; Hou, Yixuan J.; Dinnon, Kenneth H.; Sims, Amy C.; Swanstrom, Jesica; Gully, Kendra; Scobey, Trevor D.; Cooley, Michelle R.; Currie, Caroline G.; Randell, Scott H.; Baric, Ralph S. (2020). "Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus replication in primary human cells reveals potential susceptibility to infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (43): 26915–26925. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11726915E. doi:10.1073/pnas.2001046117. PMC 7604506 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33046644 Check |pmid= value (help).
  10. ↑ "Transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine". ATCC.
  11. ↑ Pensaert, M.; Callebaut, P.; Vergote, J. (July 1986). "Isolation of a porcine respiratory, non-enteric coronavirus related to transmissible gastroenteritis". Veterinary Quarterly. 8 (3): 257–261. doi:10.1080/01652176.1986.9694050. PMID 3018993.
  12. ↑ "ATCC catalog".
  13. ↑ Abdelgadir, Anfal; Vlasova, Anastasia N.; Gray, Gregory C. (2021). "Susceptibility of different cell lines to the novel canine coronavirus CCoV-HuPn-2018". Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 15 (6): 824–825. doi:10.1111/irv.12882. PMC 8542962 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34212500 Check |pmid= value (help).
  14. ↑ Vlasova, Anastasia N; Diaz, Annika; Damtie, Debasu; Xiu, Leshan; Toh, Teck-Hock; Lee, Jeffrey Soon-Yit; Saif, Linda J; Gray, Gregory C (11 February 2022). "Novel Canine Coronavirus Isolated from a Hospitalized Patient With Pneumonia in East Malaysia". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 74 (3): 446–454. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab456. PMC 8194511 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34013321 Check |pmid= value (help).
  15. ↑ Agnihothram, S.; Yount Jr, B. L.; Donaldson, E. F.; Huynh, J.; Menachery, V. D.; Gralinski, L. E.; Graham, R. L.; Becker, M. M.; Tomar, S.; Scobey, T. D.; Osswald, H. L.; Whitmore, A.; Gopal, R.; Ghosh, A. K.; Mesecar, A.; Zambon, M.; Heise, M.; Denison, M. R.; Baric, R. S. (2014). "A Mouse Model for Betacoronavirus Subgroup 2c Using a Bat Coronavirus Strain HKU5 Variant - PMC". mBio. 5 (2). doi:10.1128/mBio.00047-14. PMC 3977350. PMID 24667706. Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ Menachery, V. D.; Dinnon KH III; Yount Jr, B. L.; McAnarney, E. T.; Gralinski, L. E.; Hale, A.; Graham, R. L.; Scobey, T.; Anthony, S. J.; Wang, L.; Graham, B.; Randell, S. H.; Lipkin, W. I.; Baric, R. S. (2020). "Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection". Journal of Virology. 94 (5). doi:10.1128/JVI.01774-19. PMC 7022341 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31801868. Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Unpublished, mentioned in a 2019 progress report on a Ecohealth Alliance grant Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence (PDF), p. 17, archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2021 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Lau, Susanna K. P.; Fan, Rachel Y. Y.; Zhu, Longchao; Li, Kenneth S. M.; Wong, Antonio C. P.; Luk, Hayes K. H.; Wong, Emily Y. M.; Lam, Carol S. F.; Lo, George C. S.; Fung, Joshua; He, Zirong; Fok, Felix C. H.; Au-Yeung, Rex K. H.; Zhang, Libiao; Kok, Kin-Hang; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Woo, Patrick C. Y. (2021). "Isolation of MERS-related coronavirus from lesser bamboo bats that uses DPP4 and infects human-DPP4-transgenic mice". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 216. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20458-9. PMC 7801609 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33431849 Check |pmid= value (help).
  19. ↑ Zaki, Ali M.; van Boheemen, Sander; Bestebroer, Theo M.; Osterhaus, Albert D.M.E.; Fouchier, Ron A.M. (8 November 2012). "Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia". New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (19): 1814–1820. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. hdl:1765/63498. PMID 23075143. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
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  21. ↑ Xia, Luo-Yuan; Wang, Zhen-Fei; Cui, Xiao-Ming; Li, Yuan-Guo; Ye, Run-Ze; Zhu, Dai-Yun; Li, Fang-Xu; Zhang, Jie; Wang, Wen-Hao; Zhang, Ming-Zhu; Gao, Wan-Ying; Li, Lian-Feng; Que, Teng-Cheng; Wang, Tie-Cheng; Jia, Na; Jiang, Jia-Fu; Gao, Yu-Wei; Cao, Wu-Chun (2024). "Isolation and characterization of a pangolin-borne HKU4-related coronavirus that potentially infects human-DPP4-transgenic mice". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 1048. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.1048X. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45453-2. PMC 10844334 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38316817 Check |pmid= value (help).
  22. ↑ Saif, L. J.; Heckert, R. A.; Miller, K. L.; Tarek, M. M. (1988). "Cell culture propagation of bovine coronavirus - PMC". Journal of Tissue Culture Methods. 11 (3): 139–145. doi:10.1007/BF01404267. PMC 7088767 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32214596 Check |pmid= value (help).
  23. ↑ Lau, S. K.; Woo, P. C.; Yip, C. C.; Fan, R. Y.; Huang, Y.; Wang, M.; Guo, R.; Lam, C. S.; Tsang, A. K.; Lai, K. K.; Chan, K. H.; Che, X. Y.; Zheng, B. J.; Yuen, K. Y. (2012). "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Betacoronavirus Subgroup A Coronavirus, Rabbit Coronavirus HKU14, from Domestic Rabbits - PMC". Journal of Virology. 86 (10): 5481–5496. doi:10.1128/JVI.06927-11. PMC 3347282. PMID 22398294.
  24. ↑ Pyrc, K.; Sims, A. C.; Dijkman, R.; Jebbink, M.; Long, C.; Deming, D.; Donaldson, E.; Vabret, A.; Baric, R.; Van Der Hoek, L.; Pickles, R. (2010). "Culturing the Unculturable: Human Coronavirus HKU1 Infects, Replicates, and Produces Progeny Virions in Human Ciliated Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures - PMC". Journal of Virology. 84 (21): 11255–11263. doi:10.1128/JVI.00947-10. PMC 2953148. PMID 20719951.
  25. ↑ Percy, D. H.; Williams, K. L.; Bond, S. J.; MacInnes, J. I. (May 17, 1990). "Characteristics of Parker's rat coronavirus (PRC) replicated in L-2 cells". Archives of Virology. 112 (3–4): 195–202. doi:10.1007/BF01323164. PMC 7087036 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 2378568.
  26. ↑ Woo, Patrick; Lau, Susanna; Fan, Rachel; Lau, Candy; Wong, Emily; Joseph, Sunitha; Tsang, Alan; Wernery, Renate; Yip, Cyril; Tsang, Chi-Ching; Wernery, Ulrich; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (7 May 2016). "Isolation and Characterization of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23 from Dromedaries of the Middle East: Minimal Serological Cross-Reactivity between MERS Coronavirus and Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 17 (5): 691. doi:10.3390/ijms17050691. PMC 4881517. PMID 27164099.
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  29. ↑ Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Erdman, Dean; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Zaki, Sherif R.; Peret, Teresa; Emery, Shannon; Tong, Suxiang; Urbani, Carlo; Comer, James A.; Lim, Wilina; Rollin, Pierre E.; Dowell, Scott F.; Ling, Ai-Ee; Humphrey, Charles D.; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Guarner, Jeannette; Paddock, Christopher D.; Rota, Paul; Fields, Barry; DeRisi, Joseph; Yang, Jyh-Yuan; Cox, Nancy; Hughes, James M.; LeDuc, James W.; Bellini, William J.; Anderson, Larry J.; SARS Working, Group. (15 May 2003). "A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome". New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (20): 1953–1966. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa030781. PMID 12690092.
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  34. ↑ Yang, Xing-Lou; Hu, Ben; Wang, Bo; Wang, Mei-Niang; Zhang, Qian; Zhang, Wei; Wu, Li-Jun; Ge, Xing-Yi; Zhang, Yun-Zhi; Daszak, Peter; Wang, Lin-Fa; Shi, Zheng-Li (15 March 2016). "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to the Direct Progenitor of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus". Journal of Virology. 90 (6): 3253–3256. doi:10.1128/JVI.02582-15. PMC 4810638. PMID 26719272.
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  39. ↑ Guo, Zhendong; Zhang, Cheng; Zhang, Chunmao; Cui, Huan; Chen, Zhaoliang; Jiang, Xinyun; Wang, Tiecheng; Li, Yuanguo; Liu, Jun; Wan, Zhonghai; Meng, Keyin; Li, Jiping; Tong, Yigang; Gao, Yuwei (May 2022). "SARS-CoV-2-related pangolin coronavirus exhibits similar infection characteristics to SARS-CoV-2 and direct contact transmissibility in hamsters". iScience. 25 (6). Bibcode:2022iSci...25j4350G. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104350. PMC 9065673 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35529312 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  40. ↑ Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Jia, Na; Zhang, Ya-Wei; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Jiang, Jia-Fu; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Shi, Yong-Xia; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Li, Wen-Juan; Jiang, Bao-Gui; Wei, Wei; Yuan, Ting-Ting; Zheng, Kui; Cui, Xiao-Ming; Li, Jie; Pei, Guang-Qian; Qiang, Xin; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Lian-Feng; Sun, Fang-Fang; Qin, Si; Huang, Ji-Cheng; Leung, Gabriel M.; Holmes, Edward C.; Hu, Yan-Ling; Guan, Yi; Cao, Wu-Chun (July 2020). "Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins". Nature. 583 (7815): 282–285. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..282L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2169-0. PMID 32218527 Check |pmid= value (help).
  41. ↑ Murakami, Shin; Kitamura, Tomoya; Matsugo, Hiromichi; Kamiki, Haruhiko; Oyabu, Ken; Sekine, Wataru; Takenaka-Uema, Akiko; Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Horimoto, Taisuke (16 May 2022). "Isolation of bat sarbecoviruses of SARS-CoV-2 clade, Japan". bioRxiv 10.1101/2022.05.16.492045 Check |biorxiv= value (help).
  42. ↑ Guo, Hua; Li, Ang; Dong, Tian-Yi; Su, Jia; Yao, Yu-Lin; Zhu, Yan; Shi, Zheng-Li; Letko, Michael (2022). "ACE2-Independent Bat Sarbecovirus Entry and Replication in Human and Bat Cells". mBio. 13 (6). doi:10.1128/mbio.02566-22. PMC 9765407 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36409074 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  43. ↑ CN 114107232, Shi, Zhengli; Haofeng Lin & Meiqin Liu et al., "BALB/c mouse adapted strain of SARS-related coronavirus WIV1-RsSHC014S and application of BALB/c mouse adapted strain", published 2022-03-01, assigned to Nanjing Keguan Biomedical Tech Co. Ltd. 
  44. ↑ "Isolation of ACE2-dependent and -independent sarbecoviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats". bioRxiv 10.1101/2023.03.02.530738 Check |biorxiv= value (help).
  45. ↑ Huang, Xing-Yao; Chen, Qi; Sun, Meng-Xu; Zhou, Hang-Yu; Ye, Qing; Chen, Wu; Peng, Jin-Yu; Qi, Yi-Ni; Zhai, Jun-Qiong; Tian, Ying; Liu, Zi-Xin; Huang, Yi-Jiao; Deng, Yong-Qiang; Li, Xiao-Feng; Wu, Aiping; Yang, Xiao; Yang, Guan; Shen, Yongyi; Qin, Cheng-Feng (2023). "A pangolin-origin SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus: infectivity, pathogenicity, and cross-protection by preexisting immunity". Cell Discovery. 9 (1): 59. doi:10.1038/s41421-023-00557-9. PMC 10276878 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37330497 Check |pmid= value (help).
  46. ↑ Hou, Yixuan J.; Chiba, Shiho; Leist, Sarah R.; Meganck, Rita M.; Martinez, David R.; Schäfer, Alexandra; Catanzaro, Nicholas J.; Sontake, Vishwaraj; West, Ande; Edwards, Catlin E.; Yount, Boyd; Lee, Rhianna E.; Gallant, Samuel C.; Zost, Seth J.; Powers, John; Adams, Lily; Kong, Edgar F.; Mattocks, Melissa; Tata, Aleksandra; Randell, Scott H.; Tata, Purushothama R.; Halfmann, Peter; Crowe, James E.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Baric, Ralph S. (2023). "Host range, transmissibility and antigenicity of a pangolin coronavirus". Nature Microbiology. 8 (10): 1820–1833. doi:10.1038/s41564-023-01476-x. PMC 10522490 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37749254 Check |pmid= value (help).
  47. ↑ Becker, W. B.; McIntosh, K.; Dees, J. H.; Chanock, R. M. (1967). "Morphogenesis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus and a Related Human Virus (Strain 229E)". Journal of Virology. 1 (5): 1019–1027. doi:10.1128/JVI.1.5.1019-1027.1967. PMC 375381. PMID 5630226.
  48. ↑ Kang, Kyung-il; Day, J. Michael; Eldemery, Fatma; Yu, Qingzhong (1 August 2021). "Pathogenic evaluation of a turkey coronavirus isolate (TCoV NC1743) in turkey poults for establishing a TCoV disease model". Veterinary Microbiology. 259. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109155. PMID 34197977 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  49. ↑ Qian, Shaoju; Jia, Xiangchao; Gao, Zitong; Zhang, Weida; Xu, Qingrong; Li, Zili (9 January 2020). "Isolation and Identification of Porcine Deltacoronavirus and Alteration of Immunoglobulin Transport Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of PDCoV-Infected Piglets". Viruses. 12 (1): 79. doi:10.3390/v12010079. PMC 7019308 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31936476.
  50. ↑ Lednicky, John A.; Tagliamonte, Massimiliano S.; White, Sarah K.; Elbadry, Maha A.; Alam, Md. Mahbubul; Stephenson, Caroline J.; Bonny, Tania S.; Loeb, Julia C.; Telisma, Taina; Chavannes, Sonese; Ostrov, David A.; Mavian, Carla; Beau De Rochars, Valery Madsen; Salemi, Marco; Morris, J. Glenn (2021). "Independent infections of porcine deltacoronavirus among Haitian children". Nature. 600 (7887): 133–137. Bibcode:2021Natur.600..133L. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04111-z. PMC 8636265 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34789872 Check |pmid= value (help).
  51. ↑ Gough, Richard E.; Drury, Sally E.; Culver, Francesca; Britton, Paul; Cavanagh, Dave (2006). "Isolation of a coronavirus from a green-cheeked Amazon parrot (Amazon viridigenalis Cassin)". Avian Pathology. 35 (2): 122–126. doi:10.1080/03079450600597733. PMID 16595304. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)


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