List of ions

This is a list of simple ions, indexed according to the periodic table. Simple ions in the list are defined as ≤5 non-H atoms.

Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals

Elements	Ions	Colors	Examples	Properties
H	H+	colorless	HClO4
	H−	colorless	NaH	H− + H2O = OH− + H2(g)
Li	Li−		Li+(calix[4]pyrrole)Li−
	Li+	colorless	LiNO3	(abbr. for [Li(H2O)4]+ or [Li(H2O)6]+) Flame test of Li+ is crimson red
Na	Na+	colorless	NaCl	(abbr. for [Na(H2O)n]+, n=4 - 6） Flame test of Na+ is yellow
K	K+	colorless	KI	(abbr. for [K(H2O)n]+, n=6, 7, 8) Flame test of K+ is lilac
Rb	Rb+	colorless	RbCl
Cs	Cs+	colorless	CsCl
Be	Be2+	colorless	BeSO4	very toxic
	BeF42−	colorless	(NH4)2BeF4
	BeCl42−	colorless	Cs2BeCl4	unstable
	[Be(OH)4]2−	colorless	Na2[Be(OH)4]	[Be(OH)4]2− + 4 H+ = Be(OH)2(s) + 2 H2O
Mg	Mg2+	colorless	MgCl2
Ca	Ca2+	colorless	CaCl2
Sr	Sr2+	colorless	SrCl2
Ba	Ba2+	colorless	BaCl2	toxic Ba2+ + CO32− = BaCO3 Ba2+ + SO42− = BaSO4

Group 3 elements

Elements	Ions	Colors	Examples	Properties
Sc	Sc3+	colorless	Sc(NO3)3
	[Sc(OH)6]3−	colorless	K3[Sc(OH)6]
Y	Y3+	colorless
La	La3+	colorless
Ce	Ce3+	colorless	Ce(NO3)3
	Ce4+	orange-yellow	Ce(SO4)2
Pr	Pr3+	green	Pr(NO3)3
Th	Th4+	colorless	Th(NO3)4	Th4+ + 4 OH− = Th(OH)4(s)
U	U3+	brown-red	UCl3
	U4+	green
	UO2+			unstable
	UO22+	yellow	UO2(NO3)2

Group 4 - 7 elements

Elements	Ions	Colors	Examples	Properties
Ti	Ti3+	violet	Ti2(SO4)3	(abbr. for [Ti(H2O)6]3+) reductant
	TiO2+			(abbr. for [TiO(H2O)5]2+)
	TiF62−	colorless	K2TiF6
	TiCl62−	yellow	Cs2TiCl6
	TiBr62−	red
Zr	Zr4+	colorless	Zr(NO3)4.5H2O	(abbr. for [Zr(H2O)8]4+)
	ZrO2+	colorless	ZrO(NO3)2	(abbr. for [Zr4(OH)8(H2O)16]8+)
Hf	Hf4+	colorless		(abbr. for [Hf(H2O)8]4+)
Cr	Cr2+	light blue	CrSO4	(abbr. for [Cr(H2O)6]2+) reductant
	Cr3+	grayish green	Cr(NO3)3	(abbr. for [Cr(H2O)6]3+)
	CrO42−	orange	K2CrO4
	Cr2O72−	yellow	K2Cr2O7

Group 8 - 10 elements

Elements	Ions	Colors	Examples	Properties
Fe	[Fe(CO)4]2−
	Fe2+	light green	FeSO4.7H2O	Fe2+ + 2 OH− = Fe(OH)2 Fe2+ + CO32− = FeCO3
	Fe3+	pale purple	NH4Fe(SO4)2
	[Fe(phen)3]2+	dark red
	[Fe(phen)3]3+	light blue
	FeO42−	purple	K2FeO4	strong oxidant
Co	[Co(CO)4]−		K[Co(CO)4]	oxidized in air
	Co2+	pink	Co(NO3)2.6H2O
	[Co(NH3)6]2+
	[Co(NH3)6]3+	orange	[Co(NH3)6](NO3)3	stable
Ni	Ni2+	green	Ni(NO3)2	Ni2+ + 2 OH− = Ni(OH)2
	[Ni(NH3)6]2+	blue
	[NiF4]2−
	[NiCl4]2−
	[NiBr4]2−		[Ph4P]2[NiBr4]
	[NiI4]2−	red
	[Ni(CN)4]2−	yellow	K2[Ni(CN)4]

Group 11 - 12 elements

Elements	Ions	Colors	Examples	Properties
Cu	Cu2+	blue	Cu(NO3)2	(abbr. for [Cu(H2O)4]2+ or [Cu(H2O)6]2+
	[Cu(NH3)4]2+	dark blue	[Cu(NH3)4](NO3)2	decomposes by acids
Ag	Ag+	colorless	AgNO3	2 Ag+ + 2 OH− = Ag2O + H2O (r.t.)
	[Ag(NH3)2]+	colorless	[Ag(NH3)2]OH	decomposes by acids
	AgCl2−	colorless	AgCl in conc. Cl− solution
	[Ag(CN)2]−	colorless		toxic
Au	AuCl4−	yellow	NaAuCl4
	AuBr4−	purple	KAuBr4
Zn	Zn2+	colorless	Zn(NO3)2	white in silicate garden
	[Zn(NH3)4]2+	colorless	[Zn(NH3)4](OH)2
	[Zn(OH)4]2−	colorless
	[Zn(CN)4]2−	colorless	K2[Zn(CN)4]	toxic
Cd	Cd2+	colorless	Cd(NO3)2
Hg	Hg22+	colorless	Hg2(NO3)2	(abbr. for [Hg2(H2O)6]2+)
	Hg2+	colorless	Hg(NO3)2	(abbr. for [Hg(H2O)6]2+ very toxic

Boron group and carbon group

Elements	Ions	Colors	Examples	Properties
B	BH4−	colorless	NaBH4	strong reductant
	BF4−	colorless	HBF4	non-coordinating anion
Al	Al3+	colorless	Al(NO3)3
C	CO32−	colorless	Na2CO3
	HCO3−	colorless	NaHCO3
	CN−	colorless	KCN	very toxic CN− + H+ = HCN
Si	SiO32−	colorless	Na2SiO3	SiO32− + 2 H+ = H2SiO3
	SiF62−	colorless	Na2[SiF6]
Ge	GeO32−	colorless	Na2GeO3
Sn	Sn2+	colorless	SnCl2	Reductant exists in acidic solution
Pb	Pb2+	colorless	Pb(NO3)2	Pb2+ + 2 I− = PbI2(s)

Pnictogens and chalcogens

Elements	Ions	Colors	Examples	Properties
N	NH4+	colorless	NH4Cl
	N3−		Na3N	reacts with water
	NH2−		NaNH2	reacts with water
	N3−		NaN3	very toxic
	NO2−		NaNO2	toxic
	NO3−	colorless	KNO3	oxidant
P	PH4+	colorless	PH4I	dec. in water
	PO43−	colorless	Na3PO4
	P2O74−	colorless	Na4P2O7
	PF6−	colorless	KPF6	non-coordinating anion
O	OH−	colorless	NaOH	corrosive
	O22−		Na2O2	ionic peroxides react with water
	O2−		Al2O3
S	S2−	colorless	Na2S
	S22−		Na2S2	S22− + 2 H+ = H2S + S
	S2O32−	colorless	Na2S2O3	S2O32− + 2H+ = SO2 + S + H2O
	SO32−	colorless	Na2SO3	SO32− + 2 H+ = H2O + SO2
	SO42−	colorless	K2SO4

Halogens and noble gases

Elements	Ions	Colors	Examples	Properties
F	F−	colorless	CsF
	HF2−	colorless	KHF2	unstable towards heat
Cl	Cl−	colorless	NaCl	Cl− + Ag+ = AgCl
	OCl−		NaOCl	strong oxidant
	ClO2−		NaClO2
	ClO3−	colorless	KClO3
	ClO4−	colorless	KClO4
Br	Br−	colorless	KBr
	BrO3−	colorless	KBrO3	oxidant
I	I2+	blue
	I3+	red-brown
	I−	colorless	KI	reductant 2 I− + Cl2 = 2 Cl− + I2 2 I− + Br2 = 2 Br− + I2
	I3−		CsI3
	IO3−	colorless	KIO3
	ICl4−		KICl4
	IO4−	colorless	KIO4
He	HHe+			extremely strong acid
Ar	HAr+			found in space
Xe	XeO64−		Na4XeO6	strong oxidant
	HXeO4−		CsHXeO4

References

This article "List of ions" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:List of ions. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

📰 Article(s) of the same category(ies)

• List of commonly available chemicals
• List of all polyatomic ions
• Phosphate
• List of minor fictional elements, materials, isotopes and subatomic particles
• List of inorganic reactions
• List of molecules by year of discovery

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