List of languages of Australia

Below is a list of ISO 639-3 codes for Australian languages.

List

Code	Language	Classification	Country	Distribution	Population	Status	Alternate names	Autonym	Dialects
lnw	Lanima	Australian	Australia	Victoria state: Carlo springs on upper Mulligan river; Julaolinja; east to Marion downs	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survivied into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Lhanima, Pitta Pitta, Ulaolinja, Ulaolinya, Wanggamana, Wanggamanha, Wangkamanha, Wonggaman, Yurlayurlanya
bck	Bunuba	Australian, Bunaban	Australia	Western Australia state: Fitzroy Crossing area	41 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Bunaba, Punapa, Punuba
gni	Gooniyandi	Australian, Bunaban	Australia	Western Australia state: Fossil Downs, Gogo, Louisa, and Margaret river stations	130 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Gunian, Guniandi, Guniyan, Guniyandi, Guniyn, Konejandi, Koneyandi, Kunan, Kunian, Kuniyan
zmj	Maridjabin	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Bringen	Australia	Northern Territory: inland from Anson bay, south of Mariyedi and Manda, southwest of Darwin	1 (2012)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Maredyerbin, Maretyabin, Maridyerbin, Maritjabin, Marri Tjevin		None known. May be intelligible with Marrithiyel [mfr] or Maringarr [zmt].
zmt	Maringarr	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Bringen	Australia	Northern Territory: south of Moyle river, southwest of Darwin	5 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Marenggar, Mari’ngar, Maringa, Marri Ngarr, Marringarr, Muringar, Ngangikadre		Maranunggu (Maramanunggu, Marranunga, Merranunggu, Warrgat). May be intelligible with other Bringen languages. Lexical similarity: 40% with Malak Malak [mpb] and Murrinh-Patha [mwf].
zmg	Marti Ke	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Bringen	Australia	Northern Territory: Wadeye, coast south from Moyle river estuary to Port Keats, southwest of Darwin	52, all users. L1 users: 2 (2010 Australian Broadcasting Corporation). L2 users: 50. Ethnic population: 100	8b (Nearly extinct)	Magadige, Magati Gair, Magati Ke, Magati-Ge, Marri-ge, Mati Ke, Mirrinh-ge		None known. Reportedly similar to Maringarr [zmt] and Marithiel [mfr].
zmd	Maridan	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Bringen	Australia	Northern Territory: southwest of Darwin, north of Moyle river, east of Magadige	No known L1 speakers (census). Last speakers survived into the 2000s	9 (Dormant)	Maredan, Marridan, Meradan
zmm	Marimanindji	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Bringen	Australia	Northern Territory: south of Daly and Darwin rivers, west of Muldiva river, near headwaters	No known L1 speakers (census). Last speakers survived into the 2000s	9 (Dormant)	Maramanandji, Maramanindji, Maramarandji, Marimanindu, Marramaninjsji, Marramaninyshi, Murinmanindji
zmy	Mariyedi	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Bringen	Australia	Northern Territory: inland from Anson bay, south of Manda, southwest of Darwin	20 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). A few speakers (Wurm 2007)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Marijadi, Marijedi, Murijadi
mfr	Marrithiyel	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Bringen	Australia	Northern Territory: Bagot, Delissaville, Daly river and Roper river missions; south of Daly river and central Daly river	65, all users. L1 users: 15 (2016 census). L2 users: 50	8b (Nearly extinct)	Berringen, Maridhiel, Maridhiyel, Maridjiel, Marithiel, Marithiyel, “Bringen” (pej.), “Brinken” (pej.)		Marithiel, Nganygit, Mare-Ammu (Mari-Ammu).
wdj	Wadjiginy	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Wagaydy	Australia	Northern Territory: southwest of Darwin along coast and inland along Finniss river	5 (2005 AUSTLANG). Ethnic group members understand the language when old people speak it, but use Kriol [rop] as L1 (Wurm 2007)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Bachamal, Batjamalh, Patjtjamalh, Wadiginy, Wadyiginy, Wagaydy, Wogaity		Pungupungu (Kandjerramal, Kuwama, Patjtjamalh).
amy	Ami	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Wagaydy	Australia	Northern Territory: Anson bay coast, southwest of Darwin	30 (Wurm 2007)	8a (Moribund)	Ame, Amijangal, Emmi, Maranunggu		None known. May be intelligible with Wadjiginy [wdj].
giy	Giyug	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Wagaydy	Australia	Northern Territory: Anson Bay, Peron islands, southwest of Darwin	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)
zma	Manda	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Wagaydy	Australia	Northern Territory: coast southwest of Anson Bay, southwest of Darwin	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 1990s	10 (Extinct)	Menthe
zmr	Maranunggu	Australian, Daly, Bringen-Wagaydy, Wagaydy	Australia	Northern Territory: southwest of Darwin, inland from Anson Bay, east of Manda	5 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Emmi, Maranungku, Merranunggu, Warrgat
xmu	Kamu	Australian, Daly, Malagmalag, Daly Proper	Australia	Northern Territory: south of Darwin, east of Daly river	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Gamor, Gamu
zml	Matngala	Australian, Daly, Malagmalag, Daly Proper	Australia	Northern Territory: south of Daly and Darwin rivers, Muldiva river west bank	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1990s (Black 1983)	10 (Extinct)	Maangella, Madngela, Madngele, Mandella, Matngele, Muttangulla, Warat		None known. Related to Kamu [xmu].
woa	Kuwema	Australian, Daly, Malagmalag, Malagmalag Proper	Australia	Northern Territory: Delissaville	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1990s (Black 1983)	9 (Dormant)	Daktjerat, Djeradj, Djerag, Djeraidy, Dyeraidy, Tjerait, Tyaraity, Tyeraity
mpb	Malak Malak	Australian, Daly, Malagmalag, Malagmalag Proper	Australia	Northern Territory: Daly river north bank	8 (2012 ELDP). Ethnic population: 37 (2006 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Malagmalag, Malak-Malak, Malakmalak, Mullikmullik, Mulluk-Mulluk, Mullukmulluk, Ngolak-Wonga, Ngolokwangga, Ngulukwongga, Nguluwongga
xru	Marriammu	Australian, Daly, Marriammu	Australia	Northern Territory: Belyuen, Wadeye; possibly also Western Australia state	5 (2006 A. Brown)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Mareammu, Mariamo, Mariamu, Marri Ammu, Marri Amu		None known. Reportedly similar to Maridjabin [zmj].
mwf	Murrinh-Patha	Australian, Daly, Murrinh-Patha	Australia	Northern Territory: Port Keats area, Wadeye	1,970 (2016 census)	5* (Developing)	Garama, Murinbada, Murinbata, Murinhpatha, Murinpatha, Murinypata	Murrinh-Patha	Murrinhpatha, Murrinhkura, Murrinhdiminin.
nam	Ngan’gityemerri	Australian, Daly, Murrinh-Patha	Australia	Northern Territory: Mission, Tipperary Station; Daly and Flora rivers junction, Daly river	26 (2016 census). Ngenkiwumerri dialect is endangered, moving towards seriously endangered (Wurm 2007)	7 (Shifting)	Moil, Ngangi-Tjemerri, Tyemeri		Ngan’giwumirri (Ngangi-Wumeri, Ngenkiwumerri), Nangikurrunggurr (Nangikurunggurr, Ngan’gikurunggurr, Ngangikarangurr, Ngankikurrunkurr, Ngenkikurrunggur), Ngan’gimerri. Ngan’giwumirri dialect is 84% similar with other dialects.
djd	Djamindjung	Australian, Djamindjungan	Australia	Northern Territory: Victoria river	29 (2016 census). 29 Ngaliwuru; no remaining Djadmindjung speakers (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Jaminjung		Ngaliwuru (Ngaliwerra, Ngaliwurru).
nug	Nungali	Australian, Djamindjungan	Australia	Northern Territory: Upper Daly river area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Ilngali, Jilngali
gdh	Gadjerawang	Australian, Djeragan	Australia	Western Australia state and Northern Territory: Wyndham to Victoria river mouth and inland on north coast	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker may have survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Gadjerong, Gadjerrong, Gadyerong, Gajerrong, Gajirrabeng, Gajirrawoong, Kadjerawang, Kadjeroen, Kadjerong, Kadpjeroen, Kajirrawong, Kajirrawung
gia	Kija	Australian, Djeragan	Australia	Western Australia state: near Hall’s and Turkey creeks	170 (2016 census)	7 (Shifting)	Gidja, Kidja, Kitja		None known. Reportedly most similar to Miriwoong [mep].
mep	Miriwoong	Australian, Djeragan	Australia	Western Australia state: Kununurra, Turkey creek; Northern Territory: toward the mouth of the Victoria river	12 (2017 Mirima Dawang Woorlab-gerring Language and Culture Centre). Ethnic population: 160 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Merong, Miriwun, Miriwung, Mirung
err	Erre	Australian, Giimbiyu	Australia	Northern Territory: East Alligator river area, Mount Howship; Red Lily area west of Oenpelli	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Ari, Ere
zme	Mangerr	Australian, Giimbiyu	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Oenpelli area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Giimbiyu, Mangerei, Mangeri, Mengerrdji, Mennagi		None known. Reportedly similar to Urningangg [urc].
urc	Urningangg	Australian, Giimbiyu	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land northwest, upper reaches of Alligator river	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1990s (Black 1983)	10 (Extinct)	Giimbiyu, Uningangk, Urningangga, Urningangk, Wuningak		None known. Reportedly similar to Mangerr [zme].
gge	Gurr-goni	Australian, Gunwingguan, Burarran	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, south of Maningrida, Mann river area, northwest of Rembarrnga [rmb] language area, east of Gunwinyggu [gup] language area	46 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Gorogone, Gun-Guragone, Gunagoragone, Gungorogone, Guragone, Gurrogone, Gutjertabia
bvr	Burarra	Australian, Gunwingguan, Burarran	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Maningrida	1,050 (2016 census). 1,000 Burarra and 50 Gun-narpta (2016 census)	5* (Developing)	Anbarra, Barera, Bawera, Burada, Bureda, Burera, Gidjingaliya Gujingalia, Gujalabiya, Gun-Guragone, Jikai, Tchikai	Gu-jingarliya	Gun-narpta (Gu-jarlabiya, Gun-nartpa).
djj	Djeebbana	Australian, Gunwingguan, Burarran	Australia	Northern Territory: Maningrida north coast area, West Arnhem Land	280, all users. L1 users: 180 (2016 census). L2 users: 100 (1991)	6b* (Threatened)	Gunavidji, Ndjebbana		None known. Not closely related to other languages.
nck	Na-kara	Australian, Gunwingguan, Burarran	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Goulburn island, Maningrida	58 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Kokori, Nagara, Nakara, Nakarra, Nakkara
djn	Djauan	Australian, Gunwingguan, Djauanic	Australia	Northern Territory: Bamyili settlement, Katherine	16 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Adowen, Djawan, Jawan, Jawony, Jawoyn, Kumertuo
aoi	Anindilyakwa	Australian, Gunwingguan, Enindhilyagwa	Australia	Northern Territory: Groote Eylandt, Gulf of Carpenteria	1,480 (2016 census)	6a* (Vigorous)	Andiljangwa, Andilyaugwa, Aninhdhilyagwa, Enindhilyagwa, Enindiljaugwa, Groote Eylandt, Ingura, Wanindilyaugwa
nid	Ngandi	Australian, Gunwingguan, Enindhilyagwa	Australia	Northern Territory: Upper Wilton river	1 (2017)	8b (Nearly extinct)
nuy	Nunggubuyu	Australian, Gunwingguan, Enindhilyagwa	Australia	Northern Territory: east Arnhem Land, Numbulwar	280 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Nunggubuju, Wubuy, Yingkwira
gbu	Gagadu	Australian, Gunwingguan, Gagudjuan	Australia	Northern Territory: Oenpelli	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Big Bill Neidjie, died in May 2002	10 (Extinct)	Abdedal, Abiddul, Gaagudju, Gagadju, Gagudju, Kakadu, Kakakta, Kakdju, Kakdjuan
ggk	Kungarakany	Australian, Gunwingguan, Gungaraganyan	Australia	Northern Territory: Finniss river; south of Darwin, Darwin river and Rum Jungle area	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker, Madeline England, died in 1989	10 (Extinct)	Gunerakan, Gungaragan, Gungaragany, Gungarakanj, Kangarraga, Kungarakan
gup	Gunwinggu	Australian, Gunwingguan, Gunwinggic	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Croker Island, Oenpelli, Maningrida	2,130 (2016 census). 50 Gundjeipme, 180 Gunei, 1,760 Gunwinggu, 140 Mayali (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Bininj Gun-Wok, Gunawitji, Gunwinjgu, Gunwinygu, Kuninjku, Kunwinjku		Gumadir, Muralidban, Gunei (Kune), Gundjeipme (Gundjeihmi), Mayali.
wlg	Kunbarlang	Australian, Gunwingguan, Gunwinggic	Australia	Northern Territory: Goulburn Island, Oenpelli, Maningrida	No known L1 speakers (2016 census). Last speakers survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Gunbalang, Gunbarlang, Gungalang, Walang, Warlang
mpc	Mangarrayi	Australian, Gunwingguan, Mangarayic	Australia	Northern Territory: Elsey and Mataranka stations	No known L1 speakers (census). Last speakers survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Mangarai, Mangarayi, Manggarai, Mungarai, Mungerry, Ngarrabadji
ygu	Yugul	Australian, Gunwingguan, Maran	Australia	Northern Territory: Namiliwirri lagoon, Nawaparr gorge, Ngukurr, Saint Vidgeon homestead	No known L1 speakers	10 (Extinct)	Jokul, Yikil, Yikul, Yookala, Yookil, Yookull, Yukul
alh	Alawa	Australian, Gunwingguan, Maran, Alawic	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Roper river	4 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Kallana, Leealowa
mec	Marra	Australian, Gunwingguan, Maran, Mara	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Roper river area	5 (2010 ELDP)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Leelalwarra, Leelawarra, Maarra, Mala, Mara		None known. Related to Wandarang [wnd].
wnd	Wandarang	Australian, Gunwingguan, Maran, Mara	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Roper river area	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Isaac Joshua, died in 1974	10 (Extinct)	Wamdarang, Wandaran, Warndarang, Warndarrang, Wuyarrawala
ngk	Dalabon	Australian, Gunwingguan, Ngalkbun	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Katherine area, Oenpell	5 (2010 ELDP)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Bouin, Boun, Buan, Buin, Buwan, Dangbon, Gundangbon, Nalabon, Ngalabon, Ngalkbon, Ngalkbun
nig	Ngalakgan	Australian, Gunwingguan, Rembargic	Australia	Northern Territory state: Roper river area	No known L1 speakers. Last fluent speaker died in 2004 (Baker 2007)	10 (Extinct)	Hongalla, Ngalakan, Ngalangan
rmb	Rembarrnga	Australian, Gunwingguan, Rembargic	Australia	Northern Territory: Katherine area, Maningrida and outstations, Roper river area	43 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Kaltuy, Rainbargo, Rembarnga, Rembarranga, Rembarrunga, Rembarunga
waq	Wagiman	Australian, Gunwingguan, Wagiman	Australia	Northern Territory: Bagot and Tipperary station south of Pine creek	18 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Wagaman, Wageman, Wagoman, Wakiman, Wogeman
wrz	Waray	Australian, Gunwingguan, Warayan	Australia	Northern Territory: Adelaide river area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Arwur, Awarai, Awarra, Warrai, Warray
wrr	Wardaman	Australian, Gunwingguan, Yangmanic	Australia	Northern Territory: upper Daly river	50 (2016 census). Ethnic population: 89 (2006 census)	8a (Moribund)	Wadaman, Waderman, Waduman, Warda’man, Wardman, Warduman, Wartaman, Wordaman		None known. Reportedly similar to Yangman [jng] and Dagoman [dgn].
dgn	Dagoman	Australian, Gunwingguan, Yangmanic	Australia	Northern Territory	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Martha Hart, died in 1982	10 (Extinct)			None known. Reportedly very similar to Wardaman [wrr].
jng	Yangman	Australian, Gunwingguan, Yangmanic	Australia	Northern Territory: Elsey creek and Katherine	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Jimmy Daniels, died in 1986. Ethnic population: 50 (Black 1983)	9 (Dormant)	Dagoman, Jungman		None known. Reportedly very similar to Wardaman [wrr].
lrg	Laragia	Australian, Laragiyan	Australia	Northern Territory: Darwin area	14 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Gulumirrgin, Laragiya, Larakia, Larakiya, Larrakia, Larrakiya, Ngandalagarak
lmc	Limilngan	Australian, Limilngan-Wulna	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Mary River to west Alligator river, coast and inland	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Manadja, Manidja, Minitji
wux	Wulna	Australian, Limilngan-Wulna	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land around Darwin, mouth of Adelaide river and inland	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Wuna
bcj	Bardi	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia state: Western Kimberley region, Broome, Derby, Lombadina Aboriginal community, One Arm Point Aboriginal community	30 (2005 AUSTLANG), decreasing. Ethnic population: 320 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Baadi, Baardi, Badi, Bard		Bardi, Jawi. Intelligibility adequate between Bardi and Jawi dialects. Related to Nyikina [nyh], Warrwa [wwr], Djawi [djw], Nimanbur [nmp], Nyulnyul [nyv], Dyaberdyaber [dyb], Dyugun [dyd], and Yawuru [ywr].
djw	Djawi	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia state: islands from Brunswick bay to King sound	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Djaui, Jawi
dyb	Dyaberdyaber	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia state: Beagle Bay south coast and inland	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Jabirr-Jabirr, Jabirrjabirr
dyd	Dyugun	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia state: Broome coast area and inland	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Djugun, Jukun
nmp	Nimanbur	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia: southwest of King sound, and inland	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in 1982	10 (Extinct)	Nimanburru
nyh	Nyikina	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia state: Lower Fitzroy river	61 (2016 census)	7 (Shifting)	Njigina, Njikena, Nyakina, Nyigina, Nyigini
nyv	Nyulnyul	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia state: West Kimberley, Beagle Bay coast area	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Mary Carmel Charles, died in 1999	10 (Extinct)
wwr	Warrwa	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia state: Derby and West Kimberley regions	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Maudie Lennard, died in 2016	10 (Extinct)	Warrawai, Warwa
ywr	Yawuru	Australian, Nyulnyulan	Australia	Western Australia state: Broome south coast and inland	No known L1 speakers, but emerging L2 speakers. Last known native speakers died between 2001 and 2007 (Wurm 2007 and (2001 K. Hosokawa)	9 (Reawakening)			Northern Yawuru, Southern Coastal Yawuru, Eastern Inland Yawuru.
xbe	Bigambal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan	Australia	New South Wales state	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in 1996	10 (Extinct)	Bigambul, Bigumbil
xbd	Bindal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan	Australia	Victoria state: Ayr; Burdekin river mouth north to Cape Cleveland, inland to Leichhardt range	No known L1 speakers. Extinct by the middle of the 20th century	10 (Extinct)	Bindel, Nyawaygi
wkr	Keerray-Woorroong	Australian, Pama-Nyungan	Australia	Victoria: Mount Shadwell and Spring Creek	5 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8b (Nearly extinct)			None known. Reportedly similar to Gunditjmara [gjm].
unn	Kurnai	Australian, Pama-Nyungan	Australia	Victoria state: Gippsland from Inverloch to Cann river	4 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Cunni, Ganai, Gooni, Gunna, Gunnai, Kanai, Kunnai
yxu	Yuyu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan	Australia	Victoria state: Loddon river, north to Swan Hill; Avoca river south to Quambatook area, northeastward to Boorooban and Moulamein; New South Wales state: Boort and Lake Boga	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	9 (Dormant)	Eramwir-rangu, Eraweerung, Erawiruck, Jeraruk, Jirau, Juju, Meru, Pomp-malkie, Rankbirit, Willoo, Wilu, Yerraruck, Yiran, Yirau, You-you
are	Arrarnta, Western	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Arandic	Australia	Northern Territory: Alice Springs area, Hermannsburg	440 (2016 census)	5* (Developing)	Aranda, Arunta	Arrente	Western Aranda, Akerre (Akara), Southern Aranda. Reportedly similar to Alyawarr [aly] and Kaytetye [gbb].
aly	Alyawarr	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Arandic	Australia	Northern Territory; Queensland state: Sandover and Tennant creek areas	1,550 (2016 census)	5* (Developing)	Aljawara, Alyawarra, Alyawarre, Iliaura, Yowera	Alyawarr	None known. Related to Western Arrarnte [are], Anmatyerre [amx], and Kaytetye [gbb].
adg	Andegerebinha	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Arandic	Australia	Northern Territory: Hay river, Pituri creek area, east of Alyawarra; Queensland state	No known L1 speakers (2016 census). 5 remaining speakers were reported in 2005	9 (Dormant)	Andigibinha, Antekerrepenh, Antekerrepinhe
amx	Anmatyerre	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Arandic	Australia	Northern Territory: Mount Allen, northwest Alice Springs region	640 (2016 census)	6b* (Threatened)	Anmatjirra, Anmatyerr		Eastern Anmatyerre, Western Anmatyerre (Kalenthelkwe, Kelentheyewelrere, Kelenthwelkere).
axl	Aranda, Lower Southern	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Arandic	Australia	Northern Territory: Alice Springs, Andado, Arltunga, Blood creek, Charlotte waters, Connor well, Deep well, Finke river, Gillen creek, Hale river, Henbury, Horseshoe bend, Hugh river, Idracowra, Intea, James range, MacDonnell range, Macumba rive, Maryvale, Mount Dare	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker, Brownie Doolan Perrurle, died in 2011	9 (Dormant)	Aldolanga, Aldolinga, Alitera, Aranda, Aranta, Arinta, Arranda, Arrinda, Arrundta, Arrunta, Arunda, Arunndta, Arunta, Arunta Bu, Arunta Ulpma, Eastern Aranda, Lower Aranda, Pertame, Southern Aranda, Western Aranda
aer	Arrernte, Eastern	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Arandic	Australia	Northern Territory: Alice Springs area (Mparntwe), Alcoota, Amoonguna (Amwengkwerne), Bonya (Uthipe Atherre), Harts range (Artetyerre), Santa Teresa (Ltyentye Apurte)	1,910 (2016 census)	4 (Educational)	Arunta, Eastern Aranda, Upper Aranda	Arrernte	Mparntwe Arrernte, Ikngerripenhe, Akarre, Antekerrepenh, Upper Aranda. Related to Alyawarr [aly], Western Arrarnta [are], Anmatyerre [amx], and Kaytetye [gbb].
axe	Ayerrerenge	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Arandic	Australia	Queensland state: Bathurst, Headingly, Urandangi, north to Lake Nash and Barkly Downs, east toward Mount Isa, west to Argadargada and Mount Hogarth area	No known L1 speakers. On the brink of extinction in the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Aroinga, Bulamu, Bulanja, Bulanu, Jarionga, Jaroinga, Jurangka, Manda, Pulanja, Yaringa, Yaroinga, Yarroinga, Yarrowin, Yorrawinga, Yorrowinga, Yuruwinga
gbb	Kaytetye	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Arandic	Australia	Northern Territory: North of Alice Springs	120 (2016 census), decreasing	6b (Threatened)	Gaididj, Kaiditj, Kaititj, Kaytej		None known. Related to Alyawarr [aly].
drl	Paakantyi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Baagandji	Australia	New South Wales state: Darling river basin	4 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Baagandji, Bagandji, Darling, Kula, Paakanti, Paakintyi, Southern Baagandji		Paaruntyi, Kurnu (Gurnu), Nhaawuparlku, Milpulo, Wilyaali, Thangkaali, Pulaali, Wanyuparlku, Pantyikali (Bandjigali), Marrawarra (Maruara), Southern Paakantyi, Parrintyi (Baarrundji, Barindji).
rkw	Arakwal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Bandjalangic	Australia	New South Wales state: Ballina and Richmond river north bank to Cape Byron; south to Ballina, inland to Casino, Coraki, and Lismore	No known L1 speakers. Critically endangered by 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Coo-al, Gundurimba, Jawhumjeri, Kawhul, Kogung, Naiang, Njung, Nyung, Tugurimba, Yawkum-yere
bdy	Bandjalang	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Bandjalangic	Australia	New South Wales state: Woodenbong northeast; Queensland state: southeast	110 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Bandjelang, Bogganger, Bundala, Bundjalung, Gidabal, Yugumbe		Gidabal (Gidhabal), Yugumbir.
gih	Githabul	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Bandjalangic	Australia	Queensland state; New South Wales state: Clarence river, Drake, Killarney, Logan river, Rathdowney, Richmond river, Spicer Gap, Tabulam, Tooloom, Unumgar, Urbenville, Woodenbong	4 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Gidabul, Gidjoobal, Kidabal, Kidjabal, Kita-bool, Kitabool, Kitapul, Kitta-bool, Kittabool, Kuttibul, Noowidal
xjb	Minjungbal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Bandjalangic	Australia	New South Wales state: Cape Byron, Clarence river, Cudgen, Murwillumbah, Nerang creek, Southport	No known L1 speakers	10 (Extinct)	Cood-jingburra, Cudgingberry, Gan-dowal, Gando Minjang, Gendo, Minjangbal, Minyowa, Minyung, Ngandowul
xbg	Bunganditj	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Bungandidj	Australia	South Australia state: Balmoral, Cape Jaffa, Casterton, Dartmoor, Glenelg river, Lake Mundi, Mount Gambier, Mount Zero, Penola, Robe, Wannon river, Western Grampians	No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speakers probably died in the late 1800s (Blake 2003)	10 (Extinct)	Bak-on-date, Banaditj, Bangandadj, Bangandidj, Barconedeet, Baundik, Boandic, Boandik, Booandik, Booandik-ngolo, Booandki-ngolo, Booganitch, Booganity, Boongandity, Borandikngolo, Buadik, Buandic, Buandig, Buandik, Buanditj, Bugandity, Bung’andaetch, Bunganadity, Bungandaetch, Bungandaetcha, Bungandaitj, Bungandidj, Bungandij, Bunganditjngolo, Bungandity, Bunjanditj, Burhwundeirtch, Drualat-ngolonung, Drualatngolonung, Nguro, Pungandaitj, Pungandik, Pungantitj, Pungatitj
gjm	Gunditjmara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Bungandidj	Australia	Victoria state: Cape Bridgewater, Caramut, Hamilton, Hopkins river, Lake Condah, Port Fairy, Portland, Warrnambol, Woolsthorpe	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Frances M. Alberts, died in 1963 (Hercus 1986)	10 (Extinct)	Dhauhurtwurru, Dhauwurd Wurrung, Gournditch-mara, Gundidj, Gurnditschmara, Kirurndit, Kuunditjmara, Kuurn Kopan Noot, Kuurn-kopan-noot, Ngutuk, Nil-can-cone-deets, Tourahonong, Warrnambool, Weeritch-Weeritch
jan	Jandai	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Durubulic	Australia	Queensland state: southern two-thirds of Stradbroke Island	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in the 1980s (Wurm 2007)	10 (Extinct)	Coobenpil, Djandai, Djendewal, Dsandai, Goenpul, Goinbal, Gonjbal, Janday, Jendairwal, Jundai, Koenpel, Noogoon, Tchandi
xnu	Nunukul	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Durubulic	Australia	Queensland state	No known L1 speakers. The last known speaker, (Mary) Jane Sunflower, died in 1964 (Holmer 1983)	10 (Extinct)	Moondjan, Ngundjan, Noonuccal, Noonukul, Nukunul, Nunagal, Nunungal, Nununkul
yxg	Yagara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Durubulic	Australia	Queensland state: Cleveland district, Brisbane river inland to Gatton area, north to Esk area, Ipswich	No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1960s	10 (Extinct)	Biriin, Cateebil, Jagara, Jagarabal, Jagera, Jergarbal, Jinibara, Ninghi, Terabul, Tor-bul, Turibul, Turrbal, Turrubal, Turrubul, Turubul, Yackarabul, Yaggara, Yerongban, Yeronghan, Yerongpan, Yugara, Yugg-ari, Yuggara
dyn	Dyangadi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Dyangadi	Australia	New South Wales state: Armidale, Kempsey area, Macleay river	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died in the 1980s (Wurm 2007)	10 (Extinct)	Boorkutti, Burgadi, Dainggati, Dangadi, Dangati, Danggadi, Danggetti, Dhanggati, Dhanggatti, Djan-Gadi, Ghangatty, Tangetti, Thangatti, Thangatty
nyx	Nganyaywana	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Dyangadi	Australia	New South Wales state: between Ashford, Glen Innes, and Inverell	No known L1 speakers. The last speakers probably lived into the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Anaiwan, Aniwan, Nganjaywana
dbl	Dyirbal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Dyirbalic	Australia	Queensland state: Millaa Millaa, Ravenshoe, and Woodleigh; east to Tully falls; Herberton south to Herbert river headwaters to Cashmere	52 (2016 census). 8 Dyirbal and 44 Girramay (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Djirubal		Dyiru, Girramay (Keramai), Gulnguy (Gulngay), Mamu, Ngadjan (Ngatjan).
nyt	Nyawaygi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Dyirbalic	Australia	Queensland state: Herberton south to Herbert river headwaters, to Cashmere, at Millaa Millaa, Ravenshoe, and Woodleigh, east to Tully Falls	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Willie Seaton, died in 2009	10 (Extinct)	Nawagi
wgy	Warrgamay	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Dyirbalic	Australia	Queensland state: coast south of Hinchinbrook island, and inland along Herbert river	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	9 (Dormant)	Biyay, Wargamay
ljx	Yuru	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Dyirbalic	Australia	Queensland state: Bowen north to Burdekin river at Home Hill, southwest to Bogie range; Upstart bay south to Mount Abbot and Mount Pleasant	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Arwur-angkana, Euronbba, Juru, Mal Mal, Malmal, South Murri
fln	Flinders Island	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Flinders Island	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, Flinders island, Princess Charlotte bay	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Johnny Flinders, died circa 2000	10 (Extinct)	Yalgawarra
ktg	Kalkutung	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Galgadungic	Australia	Queensland state: Mount Isa area	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Galgadungu, Galgaduun, Kalkadoon, Kalkatungu, Kalkutungu
wwb	Wakabunga	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Galgadungic	Australia	Queensland: Gregory and Gunpowder creeks, Leichhardt river, Morstone	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Waggaboonyah, Waggabundi, Wakobungo, Waukaboonia, Worgabunga, Workabunga, Workoboongo
ylr	Yalarnnga	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Galgadungic	Australia	Queensland state: Burke river area, Dajarra	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Lardie Moonlight, died in 1980 (Breen and Blake 2007)	10 (Extinct)	Jalanga, Yalarrnga, Yelina, Yellanga, Yellunga
kgs	Kumbainggar	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Gumbaynggiric	Australia	New South Wales state: Grafton and north coast	90 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Baanbay, Gambalamam, Gumbaingari, Gumbainggar, Gumbainggir, Gumbaynggir, Gumbayunggir, Kumbaingeri, Kumbainggiri
xya	Yaygir	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Gumbaynggiric	Australia	New South Wales state: Clarence river, Grafton	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Sandy Cameron, died in 1973	10 (Extinct)	Jeigir, Jungai, Yaygirr, Yegera, Yegir, Yiegera, Youngai
bpt	Barrow Point	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Guugu-Yimidhirr	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, Barrow Point on Princess Charlotte bay and inland	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)
kky	Guugu Yimidhirr	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Guugu-Yimidhirr	Australia	Queensland state: Hopevale	780 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Gugu Yimijir, Gugu-Yimidhirr, Guguyimidjir, Guugu Yimithirr, Koko Imudji, Kukuyimidir
mwp	Kala Lagaw Ya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kala Lagaw Ya	Australia	Queensland state: Badu, Bamaga islands, Boigu, Coconut, Dauan, Kubin, Mabuiag, Moa, Saibai, Sue, Thursday, Yam, Yorke, Western Torres Strait islands; Brisbane, Townsville	960 (2016 census)	5* (Developing)	Central Torres Strait, Kala Lagau Langgus, Kala Lagaw, Kala Yagaw Ya, Kalau Lagau Ya, Langgus, Langus, Linggo, Mabuiag, Yagar Yagar		Kalaw Kawaw.
eaa	Karenggapa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Queensland state: Bulloo river about Bulloo lakes; Connulpie Downs and Yalpunga; Mount Bygrave and Woodbum lake; southwest to Milpa-rinka area; east to Therloo Downs; New South Wales state: Tiboo-burra	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died before the 1950s (Hercus and Austin 2004)	9 (Dormant)	Garanggaba, Karrengappa, Kurengappa
rxw	Karuwali	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Queensland state: Beal range, Beetoota, Connemara, Diamantina river, Durrie, Farrars creek, Haddon Corner, Monkira, Morney plains	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died during or before the 1960s (Capell 1963)	9 (Dormant)	Gara-wali, Garuwali, Goore, Karawalla, Karorinje, Kuriwalu, Kurrawulla, Midhaga, Mithaka
gdt	Kungardutyi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Queensland state: Cooper Creek north of Durham Downs; east to Mount Howitt and Kyabra Creek; northwest to near Lake Yamma Yamma	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s	10 (Extinct)	Gungadidji, Gungadudji, Gunganndji, Kunatatchee, Kungaditji, Kungadutji, Kungarditchi, Kungatutji, Kungatutyi, Kungkatutyi
lku	Kungkari	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Queensland state: Avington, Blackall, Cheviot range, Grey range, Jundah, Longreach, Powell creek, Terrick Terrick, Welford, Westland; Cooper (Barcoo) and Thomson rivers	No known L1 speakers	10 (Extinct)	Koongerri, Koonkerri, Kungeri, Kunggari, Mokaburra, Tarawalla, Torra-burri, Yangeeberra, Yankibura
yxa	Mayawali	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Victoria state: Diamantina river from Davenport downs and Diamantina lakes north to Old Cork; Mayne river to Mount Vergemont, west to Springvale, southeast to Farrars creek; Brighton and Connemara downs	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker survived into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Maiawali, Mayawarli, Mayuli
ntg	Ngantangarra	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Victoria state: upper Wilson river, north to Eromanga area, toward Thylungra and Ray, south to Nockatunga	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Ngandangara
hrp	Nhirrpi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Victoria state	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker survived into the 1960s	10 (Extinct)	Palpamadramadra
xpa	Pirriya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Queensland state: Canaway range, Coopers creek, Gilpeppee, Jundah, Keeroongooloo, Thomson river, Whitula creek	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Albert Upperty (or Uppity), died in 1969 (Breen 1990)	10 (Extinct)	Bidia, Biria, Birria, Piria
wky	Wangkayutyuru	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	Victoria state: Glenormiston and Herbert downs, on Malvina creek; north toward Roxborough	No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Wanggadjara, Wanggadyara, Wanggamanha, Wanggayudyuru, Wangka-Yutjurru, Wangka-Yutjuru, Wangka-jutjuru, Wangkatjera, Wangkayutjuru, Wongga-Jitjeru, Wongga-itjeru, Wonggadjara, Wongka-itjeru, Wongka-itjuru, Wongkadjera, Wongkatjera, Wonkajara, Wonkajera, Wonkatyeri, Wonkoyara
yry	Yarluyandi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic	Australia	South Australia state: Alton Downs, Annandale, Atna Hill, Birdsville, Diamantina river, Mulligan river	No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1970s	9 (Dormant)	Jeljendi, Jeljujendi, Yarleeyandee, Yelyuyendi
dif	Dieri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Karna	Australia	South Australia state: Leigh creek	5 (2016 census). Ethnic population: 600	8b (Nearly extinct)	Diyari	Dieri
dit	Diyari	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Karna	Australia	South Australia state: east of Lake Eyre North	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Dhirari, Dirari
nmv	Ngamini	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Karna	Australia	South Australia state: Warburton creek area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Karangura, Yarluyandji
bxi	Pirlatapa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Karna	Australia	South Australia state: Lake Blanche area, Lake Callabonn	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the 1960s	10 (Extinct)	Biladaba, Pirladapa		None known. Reportedly similar to Dieri [dif].
ynd	Yandruwandha	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Karna	Australia	South Australia state: Moomba area; east into Queensland state	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Benny Kerwin, died in 1976 (Breen 2004)	10 (Extinct)	Innamincka
yww	Yawarawarga	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Karna	Australia	South Australia and Queensland states: north of Cooper creek, southeast of Lake Yamma Yamma	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Yawarrawarrka
jbi	Badjiri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Ngura	Australia	New South Wales state: Hungerford area to Eulo on Paroo river; east to Barringun, Cunna-mulla, Tinnenburra, and Tuen area; Caiwarro and eastern side of Currawinya	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the late 1980s or early 1990s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Baddjeri, Badjari, Ngura
gll	Garlali	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Ngura	Australia	Victoria state: Bulloo Downs, north to Orient, west to Grey range, east to Clyde, south to Bulloo lake floodplain	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Peter Hood, died sometime between 1999 and 2009	10 (Extinct)	Galali, Kalali
ekc	Karnic, Eastern	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Ngura	Australia	New South Wales state: northwest; Queensland state: southwest	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died before 1960 (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Dhiraila, Garandala, Karendala, Ngura		Bidjara, Dhiraila, Garandala, Mambangura, Mingbari, Ngurawarla, Yarumarra. Related to Garlali [gll], Punthamara [xpt], Badjiri [jbi], and Wangkurmara [xwk].
xpt	Punthamara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Ngura	Australia	Victoria state: creeks east of Grey range from Orient and Thargomindah north to near Quilpie; Tobermory; Grey range west side, Congie to Mount Margaret	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker probably died by the 1990s (Holmer 1988)	10 (Extinct)	Banthamurra, Bundhamara, Bunka-burra, Puntamara
xwk	Wangkumara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Ngura	Australia	Victoria state: Kalidawarry, lower portion of Field and Cooper creeks, east of Nappa Merrie and Orientos to Wilson river at Nockatunga	No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1980s	10 (Extinct)	Wanggumara, Wanghumara, Wangumarra, Wongkumara
ard	Arabana	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Palku	Australia	South Australia state: Lake Eyre west side to Maree, Port Augusta, and Stuart range	15 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Arabunna
pit	Pitta Pitta	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Palku	Australia	Queensland state: Boulia	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Ivy Nardoo, died in 1981	10 (Extinct)	Bida-Bida, Bidhabidha, Pita Pita, Pitha-Pitha
wnm	Wanggamala	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Palku	Australia	Northern Territory: Hay river, south of Andegerebinha	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker may have died in 2003	10 (Extinct)
wgg	Wangkangurru	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Karnic, Palku	Australia	Northern Territory: southeast corner	3 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Ongkonguru, Rangwa, Wangganguru, Wangka-Jutjuru, Wangka-Yutjurru, Wangkadjera, Wangkanguru, Wonggongaru, Wongkanguru, Wongkongaru, Wongonooroo, Wonkagnurra, Wonkaoora, Wonkaooroo, Wonkongaru, Wonkongnuru, Wonkonguru, Wychinga
dgw	Daungwurrung	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	Northeastern Victoria state: Broken, Delatite, Coliban, Campaspe , adn Goulburn watersheds	No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speakers probably died in the late1800s	9 (Dormant)	Daung Wurrung, Dhagung-wurrung, Taungurong, Taungurung, Thagawurung, Thagungwurrung
tjw	Djabwurrung	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	Victoria state: Ararat, Hamilton, Hopkins river, Maroona, Mount Rouse, Mount William, Stawell, Wickliffe	No known L1 speakers (2016 census). Last known speaker survived into the 2010s (2016 census)	9 (Dormant)	Chaa wuurong, Chaap Wuurong, Chaap-Warrong, Chaapwurra, Chaapwurru, Chaapwuurong, Chap wurong, Chap wurrung, Chap-wurong, Djab Wurrung, Djab wurung, Djabwuru, Djabwurung, Dyabwurung, Dyapwurong, Jab Wurrong, Jab wurrung, Kolor, Kolorer, Kooloor, Pirtkopannoot, Punoinjon, Purteetchally, Tchapwurong, Thapwurong, Tjap, Tjap-wurong, Tjapwuron, Tjapwurong, Tjapwurun, Tjapwurung, Tjapwuurong, Tyapawurru, Tyapwurru, Tyapwuru
dja	Djadjawurrung	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	Victoria state: Boort, Kyneton, Lake Buloke, Navarre hill, Wallaloo creek	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by the end of the 19th century	10 (Extinct)	Djadja Wurrung, Djadjawurung, Dyadyawurung, Jaara, Jaja-Wurrung, Jajawurung, Le Wurrung, Lewurru, Lewurrung, Yaara, Yaura
llj	Ladji Ladji	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	Victoria state	No known L1 speakers (census). Probably became extinct early in 20th century	9 (Dormant)	Acaxee, Laci-Laci, Ladji-Ladji, Laitchi-Laitchi, Laitu, Laitu-Laitu, Latja Latji, Latjalatji, Latje Latje, Latjilatji, Latjoo-Latjoo, Latyoo-Latyoo, Ledji-Ledji, Ledjiledji, Leitch-Leitchi, Litchoo-Litchoo, Litchy-Litchy, Lutchye-Lutchye
dmd	Madhi Madhi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	New South Wales state: Balranald to Murray districts, north to the Lachlan	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Jack Long, died in 1978 (Blake et al 2011)	9 (Dormant)	Madhi-Madhi, Madhimadhi, Mathi-Mathi, Muthi Muthi, Muthimuthi, Mutti Mutti
rnr	Nari Nari	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	New South Wales state: Balranald to near Booligal	No known L1 speakers. The last know speaker likely survived into the late 1960s (Wurm 1972)	10 (Extinct)	Nari-Nari, Narinari, Narri-Narri
xwd	Wadi Wadi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	New South Wales state: Murray river, Murrumbidgee Junction, Piangil, Swan Hill, Tyntynder; Victoria state: Moolpa	No known L1 speakers	9 (Dormant)	Biangil, Dacournditch, Wathiwathi, Wattewatte, Watthiwatthi, Watty-watty, Withaija, Woani, Wohdi Wohdi, Woonyi, Wotti-wotti
wth	Wathawurrung	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	Victoria state: Ballarat, Barwon river, Cape Otway, Geelong, Lake Burrambeet, Pitfield, Princetown, Queenscliff	No known L1 speakers. The last known competent speaker, Ellen Richards, died in 1921 (Blake et al 1998)	10 (Extinct)	Wada wurrung, Wadawio, Waddorow, Wadhaurung, Wadjawuru, Wadourer, Wadthaurung, Waitowrung, Warra, Wathaurong, Wathaurung, Wathawurung, Wathurung, Watorrong, Wiityahuurong, Wioura, Witaoro, Witawurong, Witoura, Witouro, Witowro, Witowurong, Witowurrong, Witowurrung, Witowurung, Wittyawhuurong, Wod-dowrong, Woddowro, Woddowrong, Wollowurong, Wooeewoorong, Wothowurong, Wuddyawurra, Wuddyawurru, Wudja-wurung, Wudjawuru, Wudjawurung, Wudthaurung
xww	Wemba Wemba	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	Victoria state: Loddon river, north to Swan Hillp; Avoca river south to Quambatook area, northeastward to Boorooban and Moulamein (N.S.W.); Boort and Lake Boga	No known L1 speakers. The last speakers survived into the 1960s	9 (Dormant)	Gorrmjanyuk, Gourrmjanyuk, Jambajamba, Jupa-galk-wournditch, Mallenjerrick, Waamba, Waimbiwaimbi, Wamba, Wamba Wamba, Wambawamba, Wembawemba, Weumba, Womba, Yamba, Yambayamba, Yowewnillurn, Yuppila
weg	Wergaia	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	Victoria state: Dimboola to Lakes Albacutya and Hindmarsh, along Wimmera river; Warracknabeal to Yanac	14 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Wergaya, Werkaya, Wimmera, Worgaia
wyi	Woiwurrung	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin	Australia	Victoria state: Healesville, Lancefield, Macedon, Melbourne, Moe, Mordialloc, Mount Bawbaw, Mount Disappointment, Saltwater river, Warragul, Woodend, Yarra river	No known L1 speakers. Probably became extinct late in the 19th century	9 (Dormant)	Gungung-willam, Mort Noular, Ngarukwillam, Oorongie, Urunjeri, Waarengbadawa, Wainworra, Wairwaioo, Warerong, Warorong, Warwaroo, Waverong, Wavoo-rong, Wawoo-rong, Wawoorong, Wawurong, Wawurrong, Woewo-rung, Woi-wurrong, Woiworung, Woiwurong, Woiwurru, Woiwurung, Wooeewoorong, Wowerong, Wurrundyirra-baluk, Wurrunjeri, Wurundjeri, Wurunjeri, Wurunjerri-baluk, Wuywurrung, Yarra Yarra
rbp	Barababaraba	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Kulin, Western	Australia	New South Wales state: Murrumbidgee river south side, north of Hay to Victoria, Kerang; Brassi, cross river from Carrathool, Cohuna, Conargo, and Gunbower	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in 2006 (2006 census)	10 (Extinct)	Baraba Baraba, Baraba-Baraba, Baraparapa, Barappur, Bareber Bareber, Barraba-Barraba, Barrababarraba, Beraba-Beraba, Birraba-Birraba, Boora-Boora, Boorabirraba, Booraboora, Boort, Burabura, Burappa, Burapper, Bureba, Burrabura-ba, Burraburburaba, Burrappa, Burrapper, Burreba-Burreba, Karraba, Perapa-Perapa
lbz	Lardil	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Lardil	Australia	Queensland state: Mornington Island	65 (2016 census). More semi-speakers (Wurm 2007)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Kunana, Ladil, Laierdila, Lardill
bym	Bidjara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: between Augathella and Tambo, Warrego and Langlo rivers	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Ruhlen 1987)	10 (Extinct)	Bidyara, Bithara, Bitjara
bzr	Biri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: southeast of Charters Towers	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	9 (Dormant)	Wirdi, Wirri		Yetimarala.
xgm	Dharumbal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Bombandy, Broad sound, Cape Palmerston, Coast range, Normanby range, Pine mountain, Saint Lawrence, Styx, Yaamba	No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speaker died in 1973	9 (Dormant)	Charumbul, Darambal, Darawal, Darumbal, Koinbal, Koinjmal, Kungalburra, Kungmal, Mamburra, Tarumbal, Tharumbal, Urambal		Kuinmabara (Guwinmal, Kooinmarburra, Kooinmerburra, Kuinmurbara, Kuinmurbura).
dhx	Dhungaloo	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state	No known L1 speakers. Roy Hatfield was probably the last speaker, who died ca. 2012	9 (Dormant)	Dungaloo
gnl	Gangulu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Isaac river area, west of Marlborough	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died in the 1980s	10 (Extinct)	Cangoolootha, Ka-ngool-lo, Kaangooloo, Kangalo, Kangulu, Kanolu, Khang, Khangalu, Kongal, Kongul, Konguli
xgi	Garingbal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Bedourie, Brown river, Carnavon range, Comet river, Consuelo peak, Expedition range, Rolleston	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Kaingbul, Kanoloo, Karingbal, Karingbool, Karranbal
gdc	Gugu Badhun	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: west of Ingham and Abergowrie, almost to Einasleigh	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	9 (Dormant)	Gugu-Badhun, Koko Padun, Koko Patun, Koko-Patun, Kokopatun, Patun
gyf	Gungabula	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Injune area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)
gyy	Gunya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Wyandra area	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Margaret McKellar, died in 1972 (Breen 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Kunja
xgw	Guwa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Victoria river, headwaters of Diamantina north to Kynuna, and Hamilton creek divide; west to Middleton creek; east to Winton and Sesbania; south almost to Cork	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker survived into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Coa, Coah, Goa, Goamalku, Goamulgo
gwu	Guwamu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: between Maranoa, Moonie, St. George, and Surat rivers	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died in the late 1990s	10 (Extinct)
kgl	Kunggari	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Upper Nebine and Mungallala creeks	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 1980s	9 (Dormant)	Coongurri, Gungari, Gunggari, Kungkari, Ungorri
zmk	Mandandanyi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Roma Area; Maranoa river to Miles and Wandoan areas	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Kogai, Mandandanji, Mandandanjnjdji, Mundaeinbura, Mundainbara
zmc	Margany	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: between Quilpie and Wyandra; Bulloo and Paroo rivers	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Marrganj
wdy	Wadjabangayi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Blackall, Glenbower, Lancevale, Maryvale	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the early 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Inningai, Kariimari, Kun-Gait, KunGait, Wadjabangai, Wadjabangay
wdu	Wadjigu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: southwest of Fairbairn reservoir	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Maudalgo, Wadja, Wadjainggo, Wadjingu, Waindjago, Wainggo, Wainjago, Wainjigo
wrg	Warungu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: northeast of Einasleigh	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Alf Palmer, died in 1981	9 (Dormant)	Gudjal, Gudjala, Warrongo, Warrungu
xwt	Wotjobaluk	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Victoria state: Dimboola, Kaniva, Lake Albacutya, Lake Hindmarsh, Lake Korong, Outlet creek, Pine plains, Servicetown, Warracknabeal, Wimmera river, Yanac	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Guli-ballaiuk, Watjo, Wattyabullak, Woitu-bullar, Wotjbaluk, Wotjo, Wotjo-ba-laiuruk, Wotjo-balluk, Wotjo-baluk, Wotjobalak, Wotjobalek, Wotjoballaiuk, Wotjoballuck, Wotjoballuk, Wotjobolak, Wotjobuluk, Woychibirik, Wudjubalug, Wudjubaluk, Wutjubaluk, Wuttyabullak, Wuttyubullak, Wutyuballeak
yda	Yanda	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Hamilton river, Lucknow, Toolebuc, Warenda	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Janda, Yunda		None known. Reportedly similar to Guwa [xgw].
xyb	Yandjibara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Barcaldine, Longreach	No known L1 speakers. Probably became extinct early in the 20th century	10 (Extinct)	Kuungkari, Yangeeberra
ygi	Yiningayi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: west of Dividing range to Forsyth range, Longreach and Maneroo creek; south on Alice river tributaries to about Mexico; north to Bowen Downs, Cornish creek, Muttaburra, North Oakvale, and Tower Hill; Aramac	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Iningai, Iningayi, Inningai, Mootaburra, Moothaburra, Muta-bura, Muttaburra, Tateburra, Terreburra, Yiningay
ljw	Yirandali	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Maric	Australia	Queensland state: Caledonia, Corfield, Dutton river, Flinders river, Great Dividing range, Hughenden, Lammermooor, Landsborough creek, Mount Sturgeon, Richmond, Tangorin, Torrens creek, Tower Hill creek, Winton	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Dal-leyburra, Dalebura, Dalleburra, Irendely, Jirandali, Pooroga, Yerrundulli, Yerrunthully, Yirandhali
mvl	Mbara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Mbara	Australia	Queensland state	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Ambara, Bargal, Kumbulmara, Midjamba, Mitjamba
zmu	Muruwari	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Muruwaric	Australia	Queensland and New South Wales states: Bollon, Bourke, Dirranbandi, and Weilmoringle, almost to Cunnamulla	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	9 (Dormant)	Marawari, Murawari, Murawarri, Murrawari, Muruwarri, Muruwurri
dda	Dadi Dadi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Ngarinyeric-Yithayithic	Australia	Victoria state: northwest; New South Wales state: southwest, Murray river area, north to Benanee	No known L1 speakers (2016 census). The last fluent speakers probably died in the early 1900s	9 (Dormant)	Dadidadi, Dardi-Dardi, Dardidardi, Tatitati, Tharrthi-Tharrthi
nay	Ngarrindjeri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Ngarinyeric-Yithayithic	Australia	South Australia state	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in the 1960s. Ethnic population: 310 (2016 census)	9 (Dormant)	Narinjari, Narrinjeri, Narrinyeri, Ngarinyeri, Yaralde
nwg	Ngayawung	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Ngarinyeric-Yithayithic	Australia	South Australia state: Herman Landing to Penn Reach on Murray river, west to Mount Lofty ranges, south to Ngautngaut	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died before the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Ngaiawang, Ngaiawung, Ngayawang
pmd	Pallanganmiddang	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Pallanganmiddang	Australia	Victoria state: east of Albury	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died ca. 1800	10 (Extinct)	Balangamida, Pallangahmiddang, Wavaroo, Wave Veroo, Waveroo, Wayerroo, Waywurru, Wayyourong, Wayyouroo, Weeerroo, Weeherroo
xgd	Gudang	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman	Australia	Queensland state: Albany island; Cape York; Escape river; Mount Adolphus island	No known L1 speakers. Gudang or Djagaraga was presumed to be either almost extinct or extinct already in 1963, so the last speaker probably died in the 1960s or earlier (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Alauikeno, Djagaraga, Gootung, Kekoseno
olk	Olkol	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman	Australia	Queensland state: Coleman river, Crosbie river	5 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Koka-ollugul, Koko Olkol, Koko Olkolo, Koko-olkol, Kunjen, Ol’kol, Olcoola, Olgol, Olgolo, Olkola, Olkolo, Olkulo, Ulkulu, Wulgulu
tgz	Tagalaka	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman	Australia	Queensland state: Croydon, Einasleigh River, Forest Home, Forsyth, Georgetown, Gilbert river, Gregory river	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker likely survived into the early 2010s	10 (Extinct)	Da:galag, Dagalang, Tagalag, Takalak, Targa-lag, Tarkalag
yty	Yatay	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman	Australia	Queensland state: Albany and Mount Adolphus islands	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct before mid 20th century	10 (Extinct)	Iataj
yxm	Yinwum	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman	Australia	Queensland state: Batavia river, Moreton, Wenlock river	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Jinwum, Yeemwoom
kjn	Kunjen	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Central Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Edward river, Kowanyama, Wrotham Park	7 (2005 AUSTLANG), decreasing. Ethnic population: 300 (1991 B. Sommer)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Guguminjen, Kukumindjen		Oykangand (Ogondyan, Olgel, Olgol).
kkp	Koko-Bera	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Coastal Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Mission river mouth area, Mitchell river	10 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Berang, Gugubera, Kok Kaber, Kok-Kaper, Koko Pera, Kukubera, Paperyn
ggd	Gugadj	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Flinders Pama	Australia	Queensland state: north coast, west of Karumba inland on Norman river	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Kukatj
lby	Lamalama	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Lamalamic	Australia	Queensland state: Bamiga, and Coen	3 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Lama-Lama, Lamu-Lamu, Lamulamul, Mba Rumbathama
umg	Morrobalama	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Lamalamic	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, Princess Charlotte bay east coast	No known L1 speakers. The two last speakers, Nancy Gunnawarra and Mabel Kullakulla, lived into the 1990s (1994 S. Ogilvie)	10 (Extinct)	Baka, Banjigam, Barungguan, Barunguan, Ganganda, Jintjingga, Kuuku-yani, Moroba-Lama, Morrabalama, Morrobolam, Njindingga, Umbuygamu, Umbuykamu, Umpuykumu, Yintjingga
xmy	Mayaguduna	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Mayabic	Australia	Queensland state: north coast area, inland between Flinders and Leichhardt rivers	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Mayi-Kutuna
xyk	Mayi-Kulan	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Mayabic	Australia	Queensland state: Clara, Middle Norman, and Yappar, rivers, north to Milgarra, east to Gregory range, west to Canobie and Iffley stations	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker survived into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Maidhagudi, Maigudina, Maigudung, Maigulung, Maikolon, Maikudun, Maikudung, Maikudunu, Maikulan, Maikulung, Majadhagudi, Makulu, Mayagoondoon, Mayagulan, Mayatagoorri, Maygulan, Mayhulan, Maykulan, Miccoolin, Micoolan, Mikadoon, Mikkoolan, Mikoodoono, Mikoolu
xyt	Mayi-Thakurti	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Mayabic	Australia	Queensland state: Cloncurry and Williams river north to Canobie on Cloncurry river, east to the Julia creek junction with Cloncurry river and to Mount Fort Bowen; Dalgonally	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by 1960 (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Maidakadi, Maidhagari, Maidhaggaria, Maidhargari, Maioakuri, Maitakeidi, Maitakudi, Maithagudi, Maithakadi, Maithakari, Maithakudi, Mayadhagurdifagurdi, Mayatagoori, Maydhagurdi, Maytagoori, Mitagurdi, Mitakoodi, Mitakudi, Mitroogoordi, Mittagurdi, Mittaka, Mythaguddi, Mythugadi, Mythuggadi
xyj	Mayi-Yapi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Mayabic	Australia	Queensland state: Cloncurry river south to Canobie, north to Donor Hills, at Numbera (Cowan Downs); east to Flinders river and the Lower Saxby, west to upper Dismal creek and Leichhardt-Alexandra divide	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died no later than the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Majabi, Miappe, Miappi, Miubbi, Myabi, Myappe
nxn	Ngawun	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Mayabic	Australia	Queensland state: southwest of Croydon, between Flinders and Norman rivers	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Cherry O’Keefe (Tjapun), died in 1977	10 (Extinct)
wnn	Wunumara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Mayabic	Australia	Queensland state: Cambridge Downs, Cloncurry, Dalgonally, Flinders river, Kynuna, Richmond, Williams river	No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Oonoomurra, Quippen-bura, Unamara, Wanamara, Woonamurra, Woonomurra, Wunamara, Wunumura
wrw	Gugu Warra	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Mbariman	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, west bank of Normanby river	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by 1960 (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Guguwarra, Koko Wara, Kokolaia, Kokowarra, Kuku-Wara, Laia
zmv	Mbariman-Gudhinma	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Mbariman	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, Princess Charlotte bay southwest coast	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Rimang-Gudinhma, Rimanggudinhma
ayd	Ayabadhu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, north of Coleman river, south of Coen	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the late 1980s or early 1990s (Wurm 2003)	10 (Extinct)	Abadja, Ai ebadu, Aiabadu, Aiyabotho, Aiyaboto, Ajabadha, Ajabatha, Ajibyrdu, Apatya, Ayapathu, Badja, Baldya, Balfja, Jabuda, Kikahiabilo, Koka Ai-ebadu, Koka-aiebadu, Koko Aiebadu, Koko-Badja, Koko-Baldya, Koko-Baltjayiahjaba
xmh	Kugu-Muminh	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, east coast south of Aurukun	No known L1 speakers (2016 census). Last speakers survived into the 2000s	9 (Dormant)	Kugu, Kuku-Muminh, Wik Muminh, Wik-Mumin
xmq	Kuku-Mangk	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, east coast south of Aurukun	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Kugu-Mangk
xmp	Kuku-Mu’inh	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, east coast south of Aurukun	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the late 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Kugu-Mu’inh
ugb	Kuku-Ugbanh	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, west coast south of Aurukun	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Kugu-Ugbanh
uwa	Kuku-Uwanh	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, east coast south of Aurukun	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1990s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Gugu-Uwanh, Kugu-Uwanh
pkn	Pakanha	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: central Cape York peninsula, south of Coleman river	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1990s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	9 (Dormant)	Bakanha, Pakanh
wig	Wik Ngathan	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, west coast below Aurukun	3 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Wik-Ngathana
wik	Wikalkan	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Aurukun	86 (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	7 (Shifting)	Wik Alkan, Wik Elken, Wik-Alkanh, Wik-Kalkan, Wik-Ngathara, Wik-Ngatharra, Wik-Ngathrr, Wikngatara		Wik-Ngandjara (Ngandjara, Wik Ngatara), Ngadanja.
wie	Wik-Epa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, southeast of Aurukun	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Wik Epa, Wik-Ep, Wik-Eppa, Wikepa
wij	Wik-Iiyanh	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: central Cape York peninsula, southwest of Coen	40 (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	6b (Threatened)	Wik Iyanh, Wik Iyanja
wif	Wik-Keyangan	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, southeast of Aurukun	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)
wih	Wik-Me’anha	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, southeast of Aurukun	12 (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	8a (Moribund)	Eik-Me’anha, Wik-Em’an, Wik-Me’anh, Wik-Me’nh, Wikmean
wim	Wik-Mungkan	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Aurukun to Edward river	1,050, all users. L1 users: 450 (2016 census), decreasing. L2 users: 600	6b (Threatened)	Mungkañ, Munkan, Wik Munggan, Wik-Mungkana, Wik-Munkan	Wik-Mungknh
wua	Wikngenchera	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Middle Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Aurukun	30 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8a (Moribund)	Kugu Nganhcara, Nantjara, Ngandjara, Ngantjeri, Njinturawik-Nganhcara, Wik, Wik-Nantjara
aea	Areba	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Norman Pama	Australia	Queensland state: southwest Cape York peninsula, Gilbert river, northeast of Normanton	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm 2003)	10 (Extinct)	A:rap, Araba, Ariba, Aripa, Kurtjar, Ngariba, Rib, Ribh
gdj	Gurdjar	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Norman Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Delta, Normanton	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 2000s	9 (Dormant)	Goom-Gharra, Gunggara, Kunggara, Kunggera, Kurtjar		None known. Reportedly similar to Kunggari [kgl].
xut	Kuthant	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Norman Pama	Australia	Queensland state: southwest Cape York peninsula, north of Karumba and Normanton	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Garandi
kbe	Kanju	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northeastern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Central Cape York	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker may have survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Gandanju, Gandju, Jabuda, Kaanju, Kaantyu, Kamdhue, Kandju, Kandyu, Kanyu, Karnu, Neogulada, Yaldiye-Ho
kuy	Kuuku-Ya’u	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northeastern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: northeast Cape York peninsula south of Temple bay	10 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Bagadji, Gugu Yau, Koko-Ja’o, Kokoyao, Kuuk-Yak, Kuuku Ya’u, Pakadji, Ya’o
ump	Umpila	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northeastern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape Sidmouth north nearly to Night island	12 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Umbila
dth	Adithinngithigh	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died in the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Adetingiti
aid	Alngith	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: northeast Cape York peninsula just north of Weipa	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)
avm	Angkamuthi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, narrow coastal stretch from north of Port Musgrave to Doughboy river, inland area of Crystal creek, middle Jardine river	No known L1 speakers. Survived late into the 20th century	9 (Dormant)	Anggamudi, Ankamuti, Ngamiti, Nggamadi, Nggammadi, Ngkamadyi’
awg	Anguthimri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: north Cape York peninsula, Mission river mouth west to Duyfken Point, north to Pennefather river; Wenlock river south and west banks between Batavia Landing area and Gibson waterhole	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker, Don Fletcher, died in 1985	9 (Dormant)	Angadimi, Angutimi, Ba:tyana, Batjana, Mbatyana, Ngerikudi, Nggerikudi, Nggirikudi, Nigger-Ikudi, Ra:kudi, Wimaranga, Wimarangga, Wimarango, Wimmarango, Yopngadi, Yupangathi, Yupangati, Yupnget, Yupun-Gatti, Yupungati, Yuupngati		Mpakwithi.
amz	Atampaya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Eliot creek, extreme north Cape York peninsula	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm 2003)	10 (Extinct)	Atambaya
gwm	Awngthim	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: north Cape York peninsula, Mission river north side, east of the Anguthimri	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker likely died in the mid 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Angudimi, Angutimi, Mamangidigh, Mamangiti, Mbadjana		Mpakwithi.
lnj	Leningitij	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Winduwinda area	No known L1 speakers. The ‘most knowledgeable speaker’, Sam Kerindun, died ‘several years ago’ (Hale 1983)	10 (Extinct)	Linngithig, Linngithigh
xpj	Mpalitjanh	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, middle and upper Ducie river area	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Lɔ:tig, Ludhigh, Luthigh, Mbalidjan, Mpalit Yan, MpalitYan̯, Mpalitjan, Mpalityanh		None known. Reportedly similar to Uradhi [urf].
dgt	Ndra’ngith	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: south of Pera Head; Norman river	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Andaˀaneti, Ndra?angid, Ndrag’ngith, Ndraˀangit, Ntra’angith, Ntʳaˀŋit̯
tjj	Tjungundji	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland: between Cullen Point and Janie Creek	10 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Yangathimri		None known. Reportedly similar to Anguthimri [awg].
urf	Uradhi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Northern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: North Alice creek, northeast Cape York peninsula	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Otati		Yadhaykanu.
gtu	Aghu-Tharnggala	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Rarmul Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Dixie, Lakefield, Maramie	No known L1 speakers	10 (Extinct)	Aghu Tharnggala, Aghu Tharnggalai, Aghu Tharnggalu
ikr	Ikaranggal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Rarmul Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Dixie, Goldfield, Lakeland, Palmer	No known L1 speakers. Prbably became extinct early in 20th century	10 (Extinct)	Aghu Tharnggalu, Ikarranggali
typ	Thaypan	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Rarmul Pama	Australia	Queensland state: central Cape York peninsula, Coleman river	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Tommy George, died in 2016	9 (Dormant)	Awu Laya, Awu-Alaya, Coo-coo-warra, Gugu Dhayban, Gugu Thaypan, Koko Laia, Kokowara, Kuku-Thaypan, Laya, Wu-Laya
vmb	Barbaram	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Southern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Almaden, Great Dividing ridge, Irvinebank, Koorboora (Kaboura), Mareeba, Mount Garnett, Petford	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Balbarum, Barbarem, Barbarum, Booburam, Mbabaram, Mbara, Mogmnanarim, Oombarrmbarum, Umbarbarem, Woombarbarram, Wumbabaram
wmi	Wamin	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Southern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: south central Cape York peninsula, Einasleigh river, northwest of Einasleigh	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	9 (Dormant)	Agwamin
gko	Kok-Nar	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Southwestern Pama	Australia	Queensland state	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in the early 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Gundara, Kok Nar, Kok-Narr, Koknar, Kwanthar
okg	Koko Babangk	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Southwestern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: lower Cape York peninsula, Gulf of Carpenteria coast, between Mitchell and Nassau rivers	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker lived into the late 1970s	10 (Extinct)	Kok Peponk, Kok-Babonk, Kok-Papangk, Kok-Paponk, Koko Kunaniy
uky	Kuuk-Yak	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Southwestern Pama	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula mid-west coast and inland, between Edward and Coleman rivers	No known L1 speakers. Estimated 40 speakers in 1975, but the date of last speaker’s death unknown	10 (Extinct)	Koko Yak, Kuku Yak, Kuuk Yak
umd	Umbindhamu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Umbindhamuic	Australia	Queensland state: Cape York peninsula, north of Coen	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Joan Liddy, died in 2012 (Verstraete 2010)	10 (Extinct)	’Uuk-Umpithamu, Baka, Banjigam, Barungguan, Barunguan, Ganganda, Jintjingga, Koko Ompindamo, Kuuku-Umpinthamu, Njindingga, Umbuigamu, Umpinthamu, Umpithamu, Uuku Umpithamu, Yintjingga
thd	Kuuk Thayorre	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Western Pama	Australia	Queensland state: west Cape York, between coleman and Edward rivers	210 (2016 census). Kuuk-Yak dialect recently extinct (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 350 (1982 A. Hall)	6b (Threatened)	Behran, Gugudayor, Kuktayor, Kukudayore, Kuuk Thaayoore, Kuuk Thaayorre, Taior, Thaayore, Thaayorre, Thayore, Thayorre		Kuuk-Yak.
yrm	Yirrk-Mel	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Yir Yoront	Australia	Queensland state: South and Main Mitchell rivers’ mouths area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Kok-Cel, Kok-Wap, Yir Mel, Yirmel, Yirr-Mel, Yirr-Thangell, Yirrk-Thangalki
yyr	Yir-Yoront	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Paman, Yir Yoront	Australia	Queensland state: Cape Peninsula, eastern coast, Gulf of Carpenteria, Coleman and Mitchell rivers area	No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 2000s	9 (Dormant)	Jir Joront, Jir’jorond, Jirjiront, Koka-mungin, Koko-majoen, KokoMandjoen, KokoMindjin, KokoMinjen, Kokomindjan, Kokomindjen, Kokominjan, Mandjoen, Mind’jana, Mundjun, Yir Yiront, Yir Yoront, Yir-yiront
lkm	Kalaamaya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West	Australia	Western Australia state: Boorabbin and Southern Cross; east to Bullabulling; north to Youanmi, Lake Barlee, and Pigeon Rocks; west to Burracoppin, Kalannie, Lake Moore and Mukinbudin; south to about Mount Holland in the Parker range	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Galamai, Galamaya, Kalamai, Kalamaia, Karlamay, Karlamayi, Kelamai
nlw	Walangama	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West	Australia	Queensland state: Croydon, Gregory range	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Boogoolmurra, Bugulmara, Karan, Uw Alngam, Wahlongman, Wallan-kammer, Wallenkammer, Wollangama, Wollongurmee
dze	Djiwarli	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Coastal Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: Ashburton river, Elliott creek, Henry river, Lyons river, Mount Florry, Mount Hamlet, Yannarie river	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Jack Butler, died in 1986	10 (Extinct)	Djiwali, Djwarli, Jivali, Jiwali, Jiwarli, Tivali, Tjiwali, Tjiwarli		None known. Reportedly similar to Thiin [iin].
vka	Kariyarra	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Coastal Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: south of Port Hedland	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died in 1991. Some people still know some words (Wurm 2007)	9 (Dormant)	Gariera, Kariara, Kariera, Kariyara, Karriara
vku	Kurrama	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Coastal Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: northwest, southeast of Pannawonica	10 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Gurama, Karama, Korama, Kurama
vma	Martuyhunira	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Coastal Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia: northwest coast southwest of Dampier and inland	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker, Algy Paterson, died in 1995	10 (Extinct)	Mardadhunira, Mardudhunira, Martuthunira
nrl	Ngarluma	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Coastal Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: Roebourne area, northwest coast and inland	42 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Gnalluma, Gnalouma, Ngallooma, Ngaluma
nhf	Nhuwala	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Coastal Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia: Barrow and Monte Bello islands and nearby coast	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers likely survived into the late 1990s	9 (Dormant)
iin	Thiin	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Coastal Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by 2004	10 (Extinct)	Deen, Deenma, Denma, Dhiyin, Dhiyinma, Teen, Teenma, Tenma, Thenma, Thiinma		None known. Reportedly similar to Djiwarli [dze].
yij	Yindjibarndi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Coastal Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: Roebourne area	380 (2016 census)	6a* (Vigorous)	Indjibandi, Jindjibandi, Jindjibarndi, Yindjinbarndi, Yinjtjipartnti
dhl	Dhalandji	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Dhalandji	Australia	Western Australia state: Exmouth gulf head inland to Ashburton river, West Pilbara	6 (2005 AUSTLANG)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Dalandji, Dalendi, Djalendi, Talaindji, Talandi, Talandji, Talangee, Tallainga, Taloinga, Thalantji, Thalanyji
pnv	Pinigura	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Dhalandji	Australia	Western Australia state: northwest, inland on Duck creek	No known L1 speakers (Wurm 2007). The last speaker died in the 1980s	9 (Dormant)	Binigura, Pinikura
pnw	Banyjima	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Inland Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: northwest, east southeast of Tom Price	100 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Bandjima, Banjima, Pandjima, Panjima, Panjtjima, Panyima, Panyjima, Panytyima		None known. Related to Ngarla [nrk], Tjurruru [tju], Nyamal [nly], and Yinhawangka [ywg].
dhr	Dhargari	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Inland Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: Kennedy range, lower Lyons and upper Minilya rivers, West Pilbara	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 2000s	9 (Dormant)	Dal’gari, Dargari, Targari, Tarkarri, Thargari, Tharrgari, Tharrkari
nrk	Ngarla	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Inland Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia: Grey river, Kudingaranga, Mulyie, Pardoo, Solitary island, Taluirina pool, Tjaljaranja, Yarrie	No known L1 speakers (2010 P. Austin). Last speaker, Alexander Brown, died on November 5, 2010	9 (Dormant)	Gnalla, Kudjunguru, Ngala, Ngalana, Ngerla, Ngirla, Ngurla
nly	Nyamal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Inland Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: northwest, Bamboo creek area, Marble Bar, Nullagine, to coast east of Port Hedland	25 (2016 census), decreasing	7 (Shifting)	Gnamo, Namel, Njamal, Njamarl, Nyamel
tju	Tjurruru	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Inland Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: northwest, Hardey river, southwest of Tom Price	No known L1 speakers. 2 speakers left in 1967	10 (Extinct)	Chooraroo, Choororoo, Churoro, Djuroro, Djurruru, Djururo, Dyururu, Jurruru, Jururu, Thuraru, Tjororo, Tjuroro, Tjururo, Tjururu
wri	Wariyangga	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Inland Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: West Pilbara southeast of Mount Augustus	No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1980s	10 (Extinct)	Warriyangka
ywg	Yinhawangka	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Inland Ngayarda	Australia	Western Australia state: Angelo river, Ashburton river, Hardey river, Kunderong range, Mount Vernon station, Rocklea, Turee creek	39 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Inawangga, Inawonga, Inawongga, Nalawonga, Ngalawonga, Ngalawongga, Ngarla-warngga, Ngaunmardi, Ninanu
bxj	Bayungu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Kanyara	Australia	Western Australia state: West Pilbara; lower Lyndon and Minilya rivers	No known L1 speakers (Wurm 2007). Last known speaker likely died in 2006	9 (Dormant)	Baijungu, Baiong, Baiung, Bajungu, Biong, Giong, Mulgarnoo, Pajungu, Payungu
bxn	Burduna	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Kanyara	Australia	Western Australia state: Henry and upper Lyndon rivers	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the early 1990s	10 (Extinct)	Boordoona, Budina, Budoona, Buduna, Pinneegooroo, Poodena, Poordoona, Purduma, Purduna
vml	Malgana	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Malgana	Australia	Western Australia state: Shark Bay, Hamelin Pool area north to Wooramel river	No known L1 speakers. Last fluent speakers died in the 1990s	10 (Extinct)	Maldjana, Maljanna, Malkana
mem	Mangala	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Mangala	Australia	Western Australia state: Broome, Edgar range, Fitzroy, Jurgurra creek, West Pilbara	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker, Jack Butler, died in 1986	9 (Dormant)	Djawali, Djuwali, Jiwali, Jiwarli, Koalgurdi, Manala, Mangalaa, Mangarla, Minala, Yalmbau
gbd	Karajarri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Marngu	Australia	Western Australia state: Broome, La Grange mission, Roebuck Bay and inland	41 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Garadjari, Garadjiri, Garadyari, Gard’are, Guradjara, Karadjeri, Karrajarri
nna	Nyangumarta	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Marngu	Australia	Western Australia state: Marble Bar, Port Hedland, Tjalku Wara	210 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Njangumarda, Njangumarta, Nyangumarda, Nyangumata
kba	Kalarko	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Mirning	Australia	Western Australia state: Bremer and Fraser ranges area	No known L1 speakers. Probably became extinct in the 1960s	10 (Extinct)	Galaagu, Kalaako, Kalaaku, Kalako, Kalakul, Malba, Malpa
nju	Ngadjunmaya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Mirning	Australia	Western Australia state: Eyre’s Sand Patch, Goddard creek to Fraser range, Naretha, Point Culver, and Port Malcolm; Balladonia, Mount Andres, Norseman, and Russell range	No known L1 speakers. Probably recently extinct (Wurm 2007); last known speakers probably survived into the first decade of the 2000s	9 (Dormant)	Badonjunga, Bardojunga, Marlpa, Ngadju, Ngadjumaja, Ngadjumaya, Ngadjunmaia, Ngajumaya, Ngatju, Ngatjumay, Tchaakalaaga		None known. Related to Kalarko [kba].
wrl	Warlmanpa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngarga	Australia	Northern Territory: Mount Leichhardt area	26 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Walmala
wbp	Warlpiri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngarga	Australia	Northern Territory: Ali Curung Willowra, Alice Springs, Darwin, Katherine, Lajamanu, and Yuendumu; Western Australia state: into area shared with Kukatia [kux]	2,300 (2016 census)	5* (Developing)	Albura, Alpira, Alpiri, Elpira, Ilpara, Ilpira, Ilpirra, Nambuda, Ngalia, Ngaliya, Ngallia, Ngardilpa, Njambalatji, Ulperra, Waibry, Wailbri, Walbiri, Walbrai, Walbri, Waljbiri, Waljpiri, Walmala, Walmama, Walmanba, Walpari, Walpiri, Wanaeka, Wanajaga, Wanajaka, Wanajeka, Waneiga, Waringari, Wolperi, Wolpirra	Warlpiri
ddj	Jaru	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngumbin	Australia	Western Australia state: southeast Kimberley region, Halls Creek, Ringers Soak; Northern Territory: southeast of Gurindji [gue] area	220 (2016 census)	7 (Shifting)	Djaru, Jaroo, Tjaru, Wawari		Nyininy, Djaru.
nbj	Ngarinyman	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngumbin	Australia	Northern Territory: Victoria river, Pigeon Hole	50 (2005 AUSTLANG). Only one L1 speaker of Bilinarra left (Meakins and Nordlinger 2014)	8a (Moribund)	Airiman, Hainman, Ngaiman, Ngarinman, Ngrarmun		Bilinara (Bilinarra, Pilinara). Ngarinman is mutually intelligible with Gurindji Kriol [gjr] (Meakins and Nordlinger 2014).
gue	Gurindji	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngumbin	Australia	Northern Territory: Kalkaringi, Victoria river and Wave Hill	410 (2016 census). 405 Gurinji and 4 Malngin (2016 census)	7 (Shifting)	Gurinji, Wurlayi		Malngin, Wanyjirra (Wandjirra).
xrq	Karranga	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngumbin	Australia	Northern Territory: Killarney homestead, Moolooloo, Victoria River Downs homestead, Yarralin	No known L1 speakers. The last speakers died in the mid 20th century (Meakins and Nordlinger 2014)	10 (Extinct)	Karanga, Karangpurru, Karrangpurru		None known. Reportedly similar to Mudburra [dmw].
dmw	Mudburra	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngumbin	Australia	Northern Territory: Armstrong river, Camfield river, Cattle creek, Newcastle waters, Pigeon Hole station, Thjambutjambulani, Top Springs, Victoria river	92 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Madbara, Moodburra, Mootburra, Mudbara, Mudbarra, Mudbera, Mudbra, Mudbura, Mutpura, Pinkagama, Pinkagarna		Eastern Mudburra, Western Mudburra. Reportedly similar to Karranga [xrq].
rxd	Ngardi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngumbin	Australia	Northern Territory: Balgo hill, Chilla well, Gardiner range, Granites, Ima Ima, Lake Hazlett, Lake Lucas, Lake Mackay, Lake White, Lake Wills, Manggai, Milidjipi, Ngaima Ngaima, Pallotine Mission, Sturt creek, Tanami track, Tekkari; Western Australia state	3 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Boonara, Bunara, Buruwatung, Kolo, Kukuruba, Manggai, Munga, Ngadi, Ngari, Nyardi, Panara, Puruwantung, Waiangadi, Waiangara, Waiangari, Wain-gara, Walmala, Wanayaga, Warangari, Waringari, Wommana, Woneiga
wmt	Walmajarri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Ngumbin	Australia	Western Australia state: Fitzroy river valley area, La Grange and Lake Gregory	280 (2016 census)	7 (Shifting)	Pililuna, Walmadjari, Walmajiri, Walmatjari, Walmatjarri, Walmatjiri, Wolmeri		Djuwarliny (Juwaliny, Tjuwalinj). The western group speaks the Juwaliny dialect.
xbp	Bibbulman	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Nyungar	Australia	Western Australia state: Lower Blackwood river, on hills between Blackwood and Warren rivers, east to Broke inlet and Gardner river; Scott river, inland to Bridgetown and Manjimup	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 1990s	10 (Extinct)	Bajongwongi, Bebleman, Bibbulmun, Bibilum, Bibulman, Bibulmun, Bibuulmoun, Meeraman, Murram, Peopleman, Pepelman, Pibilum, Piblemen
xgg	Goreng	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Nyungar	Australia	Western Australia: Badgebup; Bremer bay; Broome Hill; Ceranbrook; Gairdner river; Gnowangerup; Jeramungup; Kibbleup; Kojonup; Nampup; Nyabing; Ongerup; Pallinup river; Pingrup; Qualeup; Salt river; Stirling range; Tambellup	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker and possibly the entire tribe died before 1963 (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Corine, Coro-ran, Kaialiwongi, Kokar, Koorengi, Kuriny, Mongup, Warangu, Warranger, Warrangle, Warrangoo
xrg	Minang	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Nyungar	Australia	Western Australia state: Boat harbor, Cowerup, King George’s sound, Lac Muir, Minang, Mount Barker, Nornalup, Pallinup river, Porongurup range, Shannon river, Stirling range, Tenterden, West Cliff Point, Wilson inlet	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Mean-anger, Mearn-anger, Meenung, Meernanger, Menang, Mineng, Mining, Minnal Yungar, Minung, Mirnong, Mount Barker tribe, Noongar, Nyungar
xnk	Nganakarti	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Nyungar	Australia	Western Australia state: Carnamah, Champion bay, Gullewa, Hill river, and Mingenew	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by the mid 20th century	10 (Extinct)	Barimaia, Jaburu, Minango, Nanakari, Nanakati, Nhanhagardi, Wiri
nys	Nyungar	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Nyungar	Australia	Western Australia state	No known L1 speakers (2005 AUSTLANG). Recently extinct (Wurm 2007). Ethnic population: 480 (2016 census)	9 (Dormant)	Njunga, Njungar, Noongar, Nyunga, Wudjari
pnj	Pinjarup	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Nyungar	Australia	Western Australia state: Pinjarra and Woonerup in Harvey and Leschenaut inlets, Murray river	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by the mid 20th century	10 (Extinct)	Bangoula, Banyoula, Banyowla, Bindjarub, Binjarup, Kuriwongi, Nyunga, Peejine, Penjarra, Pidjain, Pindjarup, Pinjarra, Yaberoo
xwj	Wajuk	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Nyungar	Australia	Western Australia state	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Beelia, Beeloo, Derbal, Ilakuri wongi, Juadjag, Juadjuk, Karakata, Karrakatta, Minalnjunga, Minnal Yungar, Wadjug, Wadjuk, Wadjup, Wadyuk, Whadjuk, Whajook, Witjaari, Yooadda, Yooard, Yoongar, Yuard, Yuatjek, Yungar, Yungur
wxw	Wardandi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Nyungar	Australia	Western Australia state: Bunbury to Cape Leuwin, chiefly along the coast; Geographe bay, Nannup and Busselton	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Belliman, Dardanup, Doonin, Dordenup, Dornderupwongy, Dunanwongi, Jabaru, Kardagur, Nghungar, Waadandi, Waddarndi, Wadjandi, Yabaroo
bia	Badimaya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wadjari	Australia	Western Australia state: south of Cue to northeast of Moora; east to Paynes Find; west to Mullewa	3 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Parti-Maya, Widimaya		None known. Related to Wajarri [wbv].
wbv	Wajarri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wadjari	Australia	Western Australia state: Geraldton to Mount Magnet	20 (2005 AUSTLANG). Ethnic population: 200 (1981 W. Douglas)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Wadjari, Wadjeri, Watjari, Watjarri
ant	Antikarinya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	South Australia state: north central area	No known L1 speakers (2016 census). Last known speakers survived into the early 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Andagarinya, Antakarinya, Antakirinya		None known. Reportedly most similar to Warnman [wbt].
ktd	Kokata	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	South Australia state: Coober Peby, Mount Eba, Pimba	16 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Gugada, Kokatha, Kokitta, Koocatho, Koogurda, Kugurda, Kukata, Kukatha, Madutara, Maduwonga, Wanggamadu, Wongamardu		None known. Different from Kukatja [kux].
kux	Kukatja	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Western Australia state: Balgo, Lake Gregory and east, south of Halls Creek	130 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Gugadja, Kukaja		None known. Different from Kokata [ktd].
mpj	Martu Wangka	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Western Australia state: Jigalong area, Lake Disappointment west side, Great Sandy Desert	1,080 (2016 census). 720 Martu Wangka, 21 Kartujarra, 310 Manyjilyjarra, 10 Wangkajunga, 16 Yulparitja (2016 census)	5* (Developing)	Jigalong, Mardo, Mardujara, Martuwangka, Targoodi, Targudi	Martu Wangka	Manyjilyjara (Manjiljarra, Mantjiltjara, Manyjilyjarra), Kartujarra (Gagudjara, Gardudjara, Kadaddjara, Kardutjara, Kardutjarra, Kartutjara, Kiadjara), Puditara (Budidjara, Putijarra, Putujara), Yulparitja (Yilparitja, Yulbaridja, Yulboridja, Yulparija), Wangkajunga (Wangkajungka, Wangkajunka). Manyjilyjara and Kartujarra are 2 ethnic groups speaking almost identical dialects. High inherent intelligibility between Yulparitja and Wangkajunga dialects. Puditara dialect is extinct.
ntj	Ngaanyatjarra	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Western Australia state: Warburton ranges; Northern Territory: southwest corner	1,110 (2016 census)	5* (Developing)	Ngaanjatjarra, Ngaanyatjara, Western Desert Language	Ngaanyatjarra
xny	Nyiyaparli	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Western Australia state: Davis river, Fortescue river, Jigalong creek, Oakover river, Ophtalmia range, Roy hill, Savory creek, Talawana, Weediwolli creek	5 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Bailko, Balgu, Balygu, Balyku, Iabali, Jana, Janari, Jauna, Niabali, Nijadali, Njiabadi, Njiabali, Njijabadi, Njijabali, Njijapali, Nyiyabali, Nyiyapali, Nyiypali, Paljgu, Palyku
pii	Pini	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Western Australia state: Three Rivers	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Bandjanu, Banjanu, Bini, Biniridjara, Birni, Birniridjara, Buranudjara, Jabura, Madutjara, Nana, Nangaritjara, Pandjanu, Piniiri, Piniridjara, Piniritjara, Pirniritjara, Tjalkadjara, Tjubun, Tjupan, Wordako
pti	Pintiini	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Western Australia state: Nullarbor plain north edge, north of Hughes; South Australia state: west of Nullabor	230 (2016 census)	6a* (Vigorous)	Nyanganyatjara, Pindiini, Wangada, Wanggaji, Wangkatha, Wonga, Wongai-I, Wonggaii
piu	Pintupi-Luritja	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Northern Territory: Balgo hills, Kintore, Papunya settlement, and Yuendumu; Western Australia state	1,110 (2016 census). 150 Pintupi and 960 Luritja (2016 census). 1,000 monolinguals	5* (Developing)	Bindabu, Binddibu, Bindibu, Bindubi, Bindubu, Loridja, Luritja, Pintubi, Pintupi
pjt	Pitjantjatjara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Northern Territory: southwest corner; South Australia state: Pitjantjatjara freehold lands, Yalata; Western Australia state	4,050, all users. L1 users: 3,550 (2016 census). 3,130 Pitjantjatjara and 420 Yankunytjatjara (2016 census). L2 users: 500. 2,580 monolinguals (2006)	4 (Educational)	Pitjantjara, Pitjantjatjarra	Pitjantjatjara	Yankunytjatjara, Pitjantjatjara (Pithantjatjarra).
tjp	Tjupany	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Western Australia: Northwest Goldfields around the area of Barwidgee Station through to Leinster, Wiluna and west to Sandstone	6 (2018 Goldfields Aboriginal Language Centre). Ethnic population: 250 (2018 Goldfields Aboriginal Language Centre)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Tjupan
wbt	Warnman	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	Western Australia state: Marble Bar area, Nullagine station, Strelley	3 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Nanidjara, Nyaani, Wanman
kdd	Yankunytjatjara	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Wati	Australia	South Australia state: Everard, Musgrave, and Yalata ranges; east Pitjantjatjara freehold lands and surrounding areas; Northern Territory: mostly west of Kulgera-Erldunda road	70 (2005 AUSTLANG). Ethnic population: 560 (2006 census)	8a (Moribund)	Jangkundjara, Kulpantja, Southern Luritja, Yangkundjara, Yankuntatjara, Yankuntjara, Yankuntjatjara, Yankuntjatjarra
nha	Nhanda	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yinggarda	Australia	Western Australia: Kalbarri north to Shark bay coast	In 1995, a few speakers were reported. Some still survive (Wurm 2007)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Nanda, Nanta, Nhanta, Nubda, Nunta		Bulinya.
yia	Yinggarda	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yinggarda	Australia	Western Australia state: Shark bay coast between Gascoyne and Wooramel rivers, inland to Red Hill, West Pilbara	No known L1 speakers. Last know speaker probably survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Ingara, Ingarda, Ingarra, Ingarrah, Inggarda, Inparra, Jinggarda, Kakarakala, Yingkarta
nnv	Nugunu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia state: south of Gugada [ktd] language area to coast west to Fowler’s bay and east to Streaky bay, east Spencer gulf	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Doora, Njuguna, Nokunna, Noocoona, Nookoona, Nuguna, Nukana, Nukuna, Nukunnu, Nukunu, Pukunna, Tjura, Tyura, Wallaroo, Warra, Wongaidya
adt	Adnyamathanha	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia state: Nepabunna in Flinders ranges area	140 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Ad’n’amadana, Adynyamathanha, Anjimatana, Anjiwatana, Archualda, Atynyamatana, Benbakanjamata, Binbarnja, Gadjnjamada, Jandali, Kanjimata, Keydnjmarda, Mardala, Nimalda, Nuralda, Umbertana, Unyamootha, Wailbi, Wailpi, Waljbi, Wipie		None known. Related to Guyani [gvy], Barngarla [bjb], Nugunu [nnv], and Narungga [nnr].
bjb	Barngarla	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia state: Port Lincoln to Spencer gulf head	No known L1 speakers. The language died out in the 1960s	9 (Dormant)	Bahanga-La, Bangala, Banggala, Banggarla, Bungeha, Bungela, Kortabina, Pakarla, Pangkala, Pankalla, Parnkala, Parnkalla, Punkalla
gvy	Guyani	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia state: south Yorke Peninsula	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Alice Oldfield, died in 1978	10 (Extinct)	Cooyiannie, Gujani, Kijani, Koonarie, Kooteeuna, Kooteeunna, Kooyeeunna, Kooyiannie, Kujani, Kuyani, Kuyanni, Kwiana, Kwiani, Nganitjidi, Ngannityiddi, Owinia		None known. Reportedly similar to Narungga [nnr].
zku	Kaurna	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia state: Fleurieu peninsula; Cape Jervis south to Clare and Crystal Brook north, bounded by Gulf Saint Vincent west and Mount Lofty ranges east	53, all users. L1 users: No known L1 speakers, but emerging L2 speakers. Last speaker, Ivaritji, died in 1929 (2015 R. Amery). L2 users: 53 (2016 census)	9 (Reawakening)	Coorna, Gaurna, Jaitjawarra, Karnuwarra, Kaura, Koornawarra, Kurumidlanta, Medaindi, Medaindie, Meljurna, Merelde, Merildekald, Meyu, Midlanta, Milipitingara, Nantuwara, Nantuwaru, Nganawara, Padnaindi, Padnayndie, Wakanuwan, Warra, Warrah, Widninga, Winaini, Winnay-nie, Winnaynie		None known. Most similar to Narungga [nnr].
nnr	Narungga	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia state: south Yorke peninsula	25 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Nanunga, Naranga, Narangga, Narranga, Narranggu, Narrangu		Adjabdurah (Adjahdurah), Turra.
nwo	Nauo	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia state: Coffin bay, Elliston, Mount Hope, and Port Lincoln; half of Eyre peninsula; west to Cape Radstock, north past Minnipa; east near Darke peak; west of Cleve and halfway between Carrow and Franklin harbor	No known L1 speakers. There were two potential speakers in the 1920s	10 (Extinct)	Growoo, Naua, Nawo, Nawu, Nowo, Nyaawa		None known. Reportedly similar to Wirangu [wgu].
jui	Ngadjuri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia and Victoria states: Burra, Orroroo, Peterborough, and Robertstown districts; Angaston and Freeling north to Carrieton, Clare, Crystal Brook, Gladstone; north of Waukaringa to Koonamore, east to Mannahill	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Aluri, Alury, Boanawari, Burra, Burra Burra, Doora, Eeleeree, Eura, Hillary, Hilleri, Manu, Manuley, Manuri, Mimbara, Monnoo, Ngadhuri, Ngadluri, Ngadyuri, Ngaluri, Ngarluri, Weera, Werra, Wiramaya, Wirameju, Wirameyu, Wirra, Wirra-Maya, Wirramaya, Wirramayo, Wirrameyu, Yilrea, Youngye
wgu	Wirangu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, South-West, Yura	Australia	South Australia state: coast between head of Bight and Streaky bay head, and inland to Ooldea region	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker may have survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Jilbara, Naljara, Ngoleiadjara, Nhawu, Njangga, Nonga, Nyangga, Tidni, Tidnie, Titnie, Wanbiri, Wangon, Warrangoo, Willeuroo, Windakan, Wirangga, Wirongu, Wironguwongga, Wirrongu, Wirrung, Wirrunga, Yilrea
wga	Wagaya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Wagaya-Warluwaric, Warluwara-Thawa	Australia	Northern Territory: Austral Downs, Avon Downs, Camooweal, area north of Lake Nash	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1990s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Leewakya, Ukkia, Waagai, Waagi, Wagai, Wagaja, Waggaia, Wakaja, Wakaya, Wakkaja, Warkya, Worgai, Worgaia, Workia
wrb	Waluwarra	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Wagaya-Warluwaric, Warluwara-Thawa	Australia	Queensland state: Roxborough Downs	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Kapula, Maula, Mauula, Mawula, Parnkarra, Walookera, Walugera, Waluwara, Warluwara, Warluwarra, Wollegara, Yunnalinka
yil	Yindjilandji	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Wagaya-Warluwaric, Warluwara-Thawa	Australia	Northern Territory: northeast of Wonarah	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Bularnu, Dhidhanu, Inchalachee, Inchalanche, Indjilandji, Indjilindji, Indjurandji, Indkilindji, Injdjiladji, Injilinji, Intjilatja, Yinjilanji
xby	Batjala	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Waka-Kabic	Australia	Queensland state: Cairns; Fraser island; Great Sandy island; Kabikabi mission; Noosa Head; Pialba; Tinana creek; Yarrabah; Thoorgine	24 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Badjela, Badtala, Badtjala, Badyala, Batyala, Bidhala, Butchulla, Dulingbara, Gnoolongbara, Koolaburra, Ngulungbara, Olungbura, Patyala, Thoorgine
gbw	Gabi-Gabi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Waka-Kabic	Australia	Queensland state: Bribie island, Burnett, Caboolture, Childers, Cooroy, Fraser island, Gympie, Hervey bay, Jimna range, Kilkivan, Mary river, Maryborough; coast ranges	No known L1 speakers. In 1983 there were only a few remembers of the language (Holmer 1983)	9 (Dormant)	Cabee, Carby, Carby-carbery, Dhapil, Dhipil, Dippil, Dipple, Doon-dooburra, Doondoora, Dowarburra, Dundubara, Dunduura, Gabi, Gabigabi, Gubbi Gubbi, Kabbi, Kabi, Kabi Kabi, Kabikabi, Kahby, Karabi, Karbi, Maiba
bjy	Bayali	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Waka-Kabic, Kingkel	Australia	Queensland state: Marlborough, Yeppon, Yamba, and Rockhampton; Fitzroy river mouth inland to Boomer range	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 1960s	10 (Extinct)	Baiali, Bajali, Bieli, Biyali, Byellee, Ningebal, Orambul, Warabal
wkw	Wakawaka	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Waka-Kabic, Miyan	Australia	Queensland state: Gayndah, Kingaroy, and Murgon; Nanango north to Mount Perry, west to Boyne river	2, all users. L1 users: No known L1 speakers (Wurm 2007). Last native speaker of Duunidjawu dialect died in 1965; Wakawaka dialect has been extinct for decades (Wurm 2007). L2 users: 2 (Wurm 2007)	9 (Dormant)	Enibura, Nukunukubara, Waga, Waga-Waga, Wagawaga, Waka Waka, Wakka		Duungidjawu, Wagawaga.
wlu	Wuliwuli	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Waka-Kabic, Miyan	Australia	Queensland state: Banana, Baralaba, and Theodore on Dawson river	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker was probably Queenie Dodd Meldrum, who died in 1986 (Holmer 1983)	10 (Extinct)	Wilili, Wililililee, Willillee, Wuli Wuli, Wuli-Wuli, Wuli-wuli, Wulili
gnr	Gureng Gureng	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Waka-Kabic, Than	Australia	Queensland state: north Burnett river district, Abercorn area	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker survived into the 1980s	9 (Dormant)	Curang-gurang, Curanggurang, Daribalang, Ginginburra, Goorang-goorang, Gooranggorang, Gooreng Gooreng, Goreng Goreng, Goreng-Goreng, Gurang, Gurang Gurang, Gurang-Gurang, Guranggurang, Gureng-Gureng, Gurreng Gurreng, Kooranga, Koreng-koreng, Korenggoreng, Korrengkorreng, Kurranga, Taribelang, Taribeleng, Tarribelung, Tulua, Wokka, Yawaim		Gurreng Gurreng dialect uses the trilled r.
wrm	Warumungu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Warumungic	Australia	Northern Territory: Tennant creek area	320 (2016 census)	7 (Shifting)	Waramunga, Waramungu, Warramunga
kld	Gamilaraay	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Wiradhuric	Australia	New South Wales state: Balonne, Barwon, Bundarra rivers, upper Hunter river, Liverpool Plains; Queensland state: 2 small areas southeast	110, all users. L1 users: No known L1 speakers, but emerging L2 speakers. Recently extinct in its original form, but spoken by many as a mixture of English [eng] and Gamilaraay (Wurm 2007). It stopped being used daily in the first half of 20th century (Austin and Nathan 1998). L2 users: 110 (2016 census)	9 (Reawakening)	Camileroi, Gamilaroi, Kamilaroi		Yuwaalaraay.
wyb	Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Wiradhuric	Australia	New South Wales state: Barwon, Bogan and Darling rivers, Yanda creek	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers may have survived into the early 2010s	10 (Extinct)			Wangaaybuwan (Wangaaypuwan, Wombungee, Wongagibun, Wongaibon, Wonghi, Wonghibon, Wonjhibon), Ngiyambaa (Giamba, Narran, Ngeumba, Ngiamba, Ngiumba, Ngiyampaa, Ngjamba, Ngumbarr, Noongaburrah), Wayilwan (Waljwan).
wrh	Wiradjuri	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Wiradhuric	Australia	New South Wales state: Macquarie river to Murray river, Lachlan river area from Murrumbidgee river to Parkes	30 (2005 AUSTLANG). Ethnic population: 460 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Berrembeel, Warandgeri, Werogery, Wiiratheri, Wira-Athoree, Wiradhuri, Wiradhurri, Wiraduri, Wiraidyuri, Wirajeree, Wirashuri, Wiratheri, Wirracharee, Wirrai’yarrai, Wooragurie, Wordjerg
awk	Awabakal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Worimi	Australia	New South Wales state: Lake Macquarie, south from Newcastle	No known L1 speakers. Survived late into the 19th century	9 (Dormant)	Awabagal		Awabagal, Cameeragal, Wonarua.
kda	Worimi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Worimi	Australia	New South Wales state: between Hunter and Hastings rivers; Port Macquarie to Hawkesbury river	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died in the 1960s (Capell 1963)	9 (Dormant)	Birbay, Gadang, Gadhang, Gadjang, Gathang, Kattang, Warimi
djf	Djangun	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yalandyic	Australia	Queensland state: Alma-den north to Mount Mulligan, east to Dimbula, west to Mungana	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Adho-Adhom, Butju, Chungki, Chunkumberries, Chunkunburra, Gugu Djangun, Jangun Djanggun, Koko-Mudju, Koko-Tyankun, Mutyu, Ngaigungo
gvn	Kuku-Yalanji	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yalandyic	Australia	Queensland state: Bloomfield River (Ayton), Daintree, Mossman, Wujal-Wujal, and between Cooktown and Mossman	320 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Gugu Yalandyi, Gugu Yalanji, Guguyalanji, Koko-Yalanji, Kuku-Yalangi		Kuku-Nyungkul, Kuku-Biraji.
vmu	Muluridyi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yalandyic	Australia	Queensland state: Mitchell river headwaters to Mareeba, Mount Carbine, Rumula, Woodville	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Binjara, Kokomoloroij, Kokomoloroitji, Kookanoona, Molloroidyi, Mooloroiji, Mularitchee, Mullridgey, Muluridji, Mulurutji, Waluridji
jao	Yanyuwa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yanyuwan	Australia	Northern Territory: Doomadgee; Queensland state: Borroloola	39 (2016 census). Ethnic population: 130 (2006 census)	7 (Shifting)	Aniula, Anula, Anyula, Janjula, Leeanuwa, Wadiri, Yanula, Yanuwa, Yanyula
yga	Malyangapa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yarli	Australia	New South Wales state: Milparinka; Yancannie creek head, east beyond Mount Arrowsmith, south to about Mootwin-gee and Sturt Meadow	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker, Laurie Quayle, died in 1976	10 (Extinct)	Bulali, Bulalli, Karikari, Malgaaljangaba, Malgangara, Malja:pa, Maljangaba, Maljangapa, Malya-napa, Malyanapa, Malyangaba, Malyapa, Malynapa, Milya-uppa, Milyauppa, Muliaarpa, Mullia-arpa, Multyerra, Mulya-napa, Mulya-nappa, Mulyanapa, Mulyanappa, Nalyanapa
wdk	Wadikali	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yarli	Australia	New South Wales state: Callabonna creek, Evelyn creek, Lake Pinaroo, Milparinka, Naryilco, Tilcha, Yandama, Yandama creek	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Ned Palpilina, died in the 1930s	10 (Extinct)	Wadigali
yxl	Yardliyawarra	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yarli	Australia	South Australia and New South Wales states: Yardliyawara (Jadliaura); eastern side of northern Flinders range from Wertaloona south to Carrieton and Cradock, east to Frome Downs; Holowilena station on Siccus river, west to Arkaba and Hawker	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the late first decade of the 2000s (Hercus and Austin 2004)	10 (Extinct)	Aluri, Alury, Arabatura, Arkabatura, Jadliaura, Jadlijawara, Jadloori, Yadliaura, Yadlikowera, Yadliura, Yadliyawarra, Yadlouri, Yaldikowera, Yardliwarra, Yardliyawara
dyy	Djabugay	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yidinic	Australia	Queensland state: Barron river south of Mareeba to Kuranda, north to Port Douglas on a plateau	46 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Bulum-Bulum, Check-Cull, Chewlie, Djabugai, Dyaabugay, Dyabugay, Hileman, Kikonjunkulu, Kodgotto, Koko-Tjumbundji, Kokonyungalo, Ngarlkajie, Orlow, Tjabakai-Thandji, Tjabogaijanji, Tjankir, Tjankun, Tjapukai, Tjapunkandji, Tjunbundji		Njakali (Nyagali, Nyakali), Dyaabugay, Gulay.
yii	Yidiny	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yidinic	Australia	Queensland state: formerly Atherton region. A few at Palm Island, Babinda, north to Gordonvale	19 (2016 census). Ethnic population: 140 (2006 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Boolboora, Deba, Eneby, Gerrah, Gijow, Gillah, Guwamal, Idin Idindji, Idin-Wudjar, Idinji, Indindji, Jidindji, Kitba, Maimbie, Mungera Ohalo, Pegullo-Bura, Warra-Warra, Warryboora, Woggil, Yetinji, Yiddinji, Yidin, Yidindji, Yidini, Yidinj, Yitintyi, Yukkaburra		Gunggay, Yidiny, Madyay (Madjay).
yxy	Yabula Yabula	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yotayotic	Australia	New South Wales and Victoria states	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Jabalajabala, Jabulajabula, Maraban, Maragan, Moiraduban, Moitheriban, Ngarrimowro, Owanguttha, Pallaganmiddah, Panggarang, Waningotbun, Yabala-Yabala, Yabbil-Yabbila, Yabbilyabbila, Yabola, Yabula-Yabula, Yabula-yabula, Yabulla, Yillib-Yilliba, Yoorta, Yullaba Yullaba, Yurt
xyy	Yorta Yorta	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yotayotic	Australia	New South Wales state: Cohuna, Conargo, Deniliquin, Echuca, Gunbower, Murray river, Tullah creek, Tuppal, Yielima	No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speakers died in the 1960s (Bowe and Morey 1999)	10 (Extinct)	Arramouro, Bangerang, Gunbowerooranditchgoole, Gunbowers, Jotijota, Kwart Kwart, Moira, Ngarrimouro, Ngarrimowro, Unungun, Wol-Lithiga, Woollathura, Yoorta, Yota Yota, Yotayota
yub	Yugambal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yugambal	Australia	Queensland state: Albert river and Logan basins from Jimboomba to MacPherson range	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the 1970s (Dixon and Barry 1979)	10 (Extinct)	Jugumbir, Jukamba, Manaldjali, Minjanbal, Ngarrbal, Ngarrubul, Yugabeh, Yugambeh, Yugumbal
xbj	Birrpayi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Taree at Manning river mouth, inland to Gloucester area; river south side; Forbes, upper Hastings and Wilson rivers	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, James Davis, survived into the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Birbai, Biribi, Birippi, Birrapee, Birripai, Birrpai, Bripi
xda	Darkinyung	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Cessnock, Colo river, Hawkesbury river, Hunter river, Jerry’s plain, Macdonald river, Putty, Rylstone, Wisemans ferry, Wollombi	No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speakers probably died in the early 1900s	9 (Dormant)	Darginjang, Darginyung, Darkinjang, Darkinoong, Darkinung, Darknung
tbh	Dharawal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Port Hacking to Shoalhaven river	No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 1970s	9 (Dormant)	Dharawaal, Thurawal, Turrubul		Wadiwadi (Wodiwodi), Dharrabal.
xdk	Dharuk	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Camden, Campbelltown, Hawkesbury river, Liverpool, Mount Victoria, Penrith, Sydney, Windsor	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Eva Webb, died in 1970	9 (Dormant)	Darrook, Darug, Dhar’rook, Dharrook, Dharruk, Dharug
dhu	Dhurga	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Bermagui to Jervis bay	No known L1 speakers. The last speakers survived into the 1970s	9 (Dormant)	Dhu’rga, Dhuurga, Durga, Duurga, Tharumba, Thaua, Thoorga, Thurga
xrd	Gundungurra	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Berrima, Camden, Goulburn, Wollondilly	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in the 1970s	9 (Dormant)	Burragorang, Cundunorah, Gandangara, Gundanora, Gundungari, Gundungorra, Gurra-gunga		None known. Reportedly similar to Ngunawal [xul].
xjt	Jaitmatang	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	Victoria state: Lake Dartmouth	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Gundungerre, Jadjmadang, Jaithmathang, Jaitmathang, Yadymadhang
xni	Ngarigu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Australian Alps, Bombala river, Delagate, Monaro Tableland, Nimmitabel, Queanbeyan	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker likely survived into early 2010s	10 (Extinct)	Bemeringal, Bradjerak, Brajerak, Brajerang, Currak-da-bidgee, Garego, Gur-mal, Guramal, Murring, Ngarago, Ngarego, Ngarico, Ngarigo, Ngarroogoo, Ngarrugu, Ngaryo, Nguramal
xul	Ngunawal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Booroowa, Canberra, Goulburn, Queanbeyan, Shoalhaven river, Tumut, Yass	No known L1 speakers. The last speakers probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Gurungada, Ngoonawal, Ngunnawal, Ngunuwal, Nungawal, Wonnawal, Yarr		None known. Reportedly similar to Gundungurra [xrd].
xtv	Thawa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuin	Australia	New South Wales state: Cooma, Green cape, Merimbula	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	10 (Extinct)	Baianga, Dhawa, Guyanagal, Guyangal-yuin, Katungal, Murring, Paienbera, Paiendra, Tadera-manji, Tharawal, Thauaira
lja	Golpa	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu	Australia	Northern Territory: Elcho, Murru’ga, Wessels	3 (2015 ELDP)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Golba, Golbu, Gorlba, Gorlpa, Kolpa
dhg	Dhangu-Djangu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhangu	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Elcho island	230 (2016 census). 67 Dhangu, 89 Gaalpu, 17 Rirratjingu, 58 Wangurri (2016 census)	6b* (Threatened)	Budalpudal, Burada, Buralbural, Buratha, Dangu, Dhaangu, Dhangu, Dhangu’mi, Djangu, War-ramirri, Warameri, Waramiri, Warramiri, Warumeri, Yolngu-Matha, Yuulngu	Dhangu-Djangu	Gaalpu (Kalbu), Wangurri, Ngaymil, Rirratjingu, Golumala.
jay	Yan-nhangu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhangu	Australia	Northern Territory: 2 westernmost Crocodile islands; Cape Stewart area, Maningrida and Milingimbi	64 (2005 AIATSIS)	8a (Moribund)	Gokulu mana dhanguny’ bulthun, Jarnango, Nangu, Nhangu, Yanangu		Garmalangga, Gurjindi.
dax	Dayi	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhuwal	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Galiwinku, Lake Evella, Numbulwam, Roper river, Yirrkala	80 (2016 census). 62 Dhalwangu and 18 Dayi speakers (2016 census). No monolinguals	7 (Shifting)	Dha’i, Dhay’yi		Dhalwangu, Djarrwark.
dwu	Dhuwal	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhuwal	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Roper river	300 (2015 C. Bow)	6a* (Vigorous)	Dual, Duala, Wulamba, Yolngu		Datiwuy (Daatiwuy), Dhuwal, Djapu, Liyagalawumirr, Liyagawumirr, Marrakulu, Marrangu. Most closely related to Djambarrpuyngu [djr].
dwy	Dhuwaya	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhuwal	Australia	Northern Territory, North-east Arnhem Land, Yirrkala and surrounding outstations	1,500, all users. L1 users: 500 (2015 C. Bow). L2 users: 1,000 (2015 C. Bow)	4 (Educational)	Baby Gumatj	Dhuwaya	Most closely related to Gumatj [gnn]. Dhuwaya is Yolngu variety that has resulted from language contact between different Yolngu dialects (Amery 1993).
djr	Djambarrpuyngu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhuwal	Australia	Northern Territory: Elcho island	4,280 (2016 census)	3 (Wider communication). Lingua franca	Djambarbwingu, Jambapuing, Jambapuingo	Djambarrpuyngu
gnn	Gumatj	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhuwal	Australia	Northern Territory: Yirrkala	120 (2016 census)	6b* (Threatened)	Gomadj, Gumait, Gumaj		Mangalili.
guf	Gupapuyngu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhuwal	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Elcho Islands, Milingimbi	1,250, all users. L1 users: 300 (2016 census). 130 Dhuwala, 150 Gupapuyngu, 8 Madarrpa, 15 Wubulkarra (2016 census). L2 users: 950	6b* (Threatened)	Gobabingo, Gubabwingu		Gupapuyngu, Madarrpa, Manggalili, Munyuku, Wubulkarra, Walangu, Dhuwala. About 45 related dialects. Reportedly similar to Gumatj [gnn].
rit	Ritharrngu	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Dhuwal	Australia	Northern Territory: Eastern Arnhem Land, Roper and Rose rivers	40 (2016 census)	7 (Shifting)	Ridarngo, Ridarngu, Ridharrngu, Ritarnugu, Ritarungo, Ritharngu, Wagelak, Wawilag, Yakuy
dji	Djinang	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Djinang	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Blyth, Goyder, and Ramingining rivers	130 (2016 census). 120 Djinang, 10 Wulaki (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Jandijinung		Djadiwitjibi, Mildjingi, Wulaki (Wurlaki), Balurbi, Murrungun, Manyarring.
djb	Djinba	Australian, Pama-Nyungan, Yuulngu, Djinang	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, southeast adjoining Djinang area, Ngangalala	70 (2016 census). 14 Djinba, 54 Ganalbingu, 3 Mandjalpingu (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)			Ganalbingu, Dabi, Mandjalpingu. Lexical similarity: 60% with Djinang [dji].
gcd	Ganggalida	Australian, Tangic	Australia	Queensland state: Burketown area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker likely survived into the 2010s. 6 semi-speakers (Wurm 2007)	9 (Dormant)	Ganggalita, Jakula, Jugula, Kangkalita, Yokula, Yugulda, Yukala, Yukulta		Kangkalita, Nguburindi.
gyd	Kayardild	Australian, Tangic	Australia	Queensland state: Gulf of Carpentaria, Mornington Island	8 (2016 census). Ethnic population: 25 (2006 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Gajadilt, Gajardild, Gayadilt, Gayardild, Gayardilt, Kaiadilt, Malununda
nny	Nyangga	Australian, Tangic	Australia	Queensland state: Gilbert river head, south of Forsayth to Gledswood, Gregory range to Oak Park and Glenora; Northern Territory: coast east of Robinson river	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Jang-Kala, Janga, Jangaa, Jangga, Njangga, Njanggala, Yangarella, Yanggal, Yangkaal, Yuckamurri
tiw	Tiwi	Australian, Tiwian	Australia	Northern Territory: Bathurst and Melville islands, Nguiu	2,040 (2016 census)	5* (Developing)
nrx	Ngurmbur	Australian, Umbugarla-Ngumbur	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, between West and South Alligator rivers, northeast of Umbugarla	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Gnormbur, Gnumbu, Koarnbut, Ngomburr, Ngormbur, Ngumbur, Oormbur
umr	Umbugarla	Australian, Umbugarla-Ngumbur	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, southeast of Limilngan language area [lmc], between Mary and South Alligator rivers	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker, Butcher Knight, is believed to have died in 2000	10 (Extinct)	Mbakarla
nji	Gudanji	Australian, West Barkly	Australia	Northern Territory: Barkly tableland, Borroloola, Elliott, northeast of Lake Woods, and Tennant creek	No known L1 speakers (2015 SIL). A few elderly speakers survived into the twenty-first century (Nordlinger 1998)	10 (Extinct)	Gurdanji, Kurdanji, Ngarnga		Binbinka, Ngarnga (Ngarnji, Ngarnka).
jig	Jingulu	Australian, West Barkly	Australia	Northern Territory: Ash Burton range area, Elliott, Elsey station, Newcastle waters	23 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Chingalee, Chunguloo, Djingila, Djingili, Djingulu, Jingali, Jingili, Lee, Tchingalee, Tjingili, Tjingilu
wmb	Wambaya	Australian, West Barkly	Australia	Northern Territory: Barkly tableland, Limmen bight and McArthur rivers’ headwaters; east of Lake Woods	61 (2016 census). Ethnic population: 88 (2006 census)	8a (Moribund)	Umbaia, Wambaia, Wambaja, Wom-By-A, Wombya, Yumpia		Wambaya, Binbinga (Binbinka), Gudandji. Dialects inherently intelligible. (Black 1983).
gma	Gambera	Australian, Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: Admiralty gulf, far north Kimberleys area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Gamberre, Gambre, Gamgre, Guwan, Kambera
gww	Kwini	Australian, Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: Kalumburu	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker probably survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Cuini, Goonan, Gunin, Gwiini, Gwini, Kunan, Wunambal
vmi	Miwa	Australian, Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: Drysdale river, far north Kimberleys area	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Bagu
ung	Ngarinyin	Australian, Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia: Derby to King river, Kimberley	12 (2011 ELDP)	7 (Shifting)	Ngarinjin, Ungarinjin, Ungarinyin		Wilawila, Wolyamidi, Guwidj (Guwij), Wurla (Ola, Walar, Worla, Worlaja, Wula, Wuladja, Wuladjangari).
wil	Wilawila	Australian, Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: central Kimberleys	No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (Wurm and Hattori 1981)	10 (Extinct)	Wila-Wila
wub	Wunambal	Australian, Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: Kalumburu, Mowanjum, and Wyndham	9 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Jeidji, Jeithi, Unambal, Wumnabal, Wunambul, Wunambullu, Yeidji, Yeithi		Wunambal, Gambera, Miwa.
ajn	Andajin	Australian, Worrorran, Ngarinyinic	Australia	Western Australia state: King Leopold ranges south to east Philips north, from Lungra Yard west to Tharlow Hill area east	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker may have survived into the 2010s	9 (Dormant)	Andidja, Andidjara
xud	Umiida	Australian, Worrorran, Western Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: Bathurst, Bayliss, Koolan, and Macleay islands; Shoal, and Strickland bays; Oobagooma, Yampi Sound	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker lived into the late 1980s (McGregor 1988)	9 (Dormant)	Aobidai of Ongkarango, O:ka:ta, O:kada, Okat, Oken, Okwata, Oomida, Umeda, Umede, Umida, Umidi, Wumide
xun	Unggaranggu	Australian, Worrorran, Western Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: northeast King sound from east Stokes bay north to Crawford bay, eastern islands of the sound from Helpman island to Caffarelli	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by the 1980s	10 (Extinct)	Ongkarango, Oonggarrangoo, Ungarangi, Ungaranji, Unggarangi
xgu	Unggumi	Australian, Worrorran, Western Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: Chestnut creek; Isdell and Lennard rivers; Leopold range; Richenda and Robinson rivers	No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speaker, Billy ‘Morndi’ Munro, died in the early 1990s	9 (Dormant)	Ngarangari, Ong Komi, Ongaranjan, Ungami, Ungumi, Wongkomi
wro	Worrorra	Australian, Worrorran, Western Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: Collier bay to Prince Regent river; Secure bay and Walcott inlet; northern boundary Rothsay Water, inland about 40–50 km along Princess May ranges to Mount Hann, Mount French and cliff base of the tablelands	7 (2016 census)	8b (Nearly extinct)	Maialnga, Ong Komi, Worora, Wororra, Worrara, Worrora, Wurara, Wurora, Yangibaia
jbw	Yawijibaya	Australian, Worrorran, Western Worrorran	Australia	Western Australia state: Collier Bay, Jawutjap, Montgomery islands	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the early 1990s	9 (Dormant)	Bergalgu, Jadjiba, Jadjibaia, Jaudji-Bara, Jaudjibaia, Jaudjibara, Jawadjag, Jawdjibaia, Jawdjibara, Jawdjobara, Jawutjubar, Winjawindjagu, Yaudjibaia, Yaudjibara, Yaujibaia, Yawjibara, Yawjibarra
wrk	Garrwa	Australian, Yanyi	Australia	Northern Territory: Borroloola on Macarthur river east bank near Queensland state border, toward Doomadgee and Nicolson river	130 (2016 census)	8a (Moribund)	Gaarwa, Garawa, Garrawa, Grawa, Karawa, Kariwa, Karrawar, Korrawa, Kurrawar, Leearawa, Leearrawa, Wollongorang, Wulungwara	Karrwa	Gunindirri. Lexical similarity: 66% with Waanyi [wny], 28% with Yanyuwa [jao], 25% with Gudanji [nji], 17% with Wambaya [wmb], 4% with Ganggalida [gcd].
wny	Waanyi	Australian, Yanyi	Australia	Northern Territory: Queensland state border area southwest of Calvert	No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker likely survived into the 2010s. 2 semi-speakers (Wurm 2007)	9 (Dormant)	Waangyee, Wainyi, Wanee, Wanji, Wanyee, Wanyi, Wonyee		None known. Reportedly similar to Garrwa [wrk].
amg	Amurdak	Australian, Yiwaidjan, Amaragic	Australia	Northern Territory: Goulburn island, Oenpelli	1 (2015)	8b (Nearly extinct)	A’moordiyu, Amarag, Amarak, Amardak, Amurag, Amurdag, Amurrag, Amurrak, Amurtak, Amuruk, Mamurug, Monobar, Namurug, Nga:mr:rak, Nga:mu:rak, Ngamurag, Umoreo, Umoriu, Umorrdak, Wardadjbak, Woraidbug, Wureidbug
mhg	Margu	Australian, Yiwaidjan, Margic	Australia	Northern Territory: Croker island	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in September 2003	10 (Extinct)	Ajokoot, Croker, Island Margu, Jaako, Marrgu, Raffles Bay, Terrutong, Terutong, Yaako, Yako
mph	Maung	Australian, Yiwaidjan, Yiwaidjic	Australia	Northern Territory: Arnhem Land, Goulburn island	370 (2016 census)	6a* (Vigorous)	Gun-Marung, Gunmarung, Kunmarung, Mawng, Mawung		None known. Garig-Ilgar [ilg] reportedly related.
ilg	Garig-Ilgar	Australian, Yiwaidjan, Yiwaidjic	Australia	Northern Territory: Cobourg peninsula mainland; Port Essington area	No known L1 speakers. Last speaker died in 2003	10 (Extinct)			Ilgar, Garig.
ibd	Iwaidja	Australian, Yiwaidjan, Yiwaidjic	Australia	Northern Territory: Croker Island	120 (2016 census)	6b (Threatened)	Eiwaja, Ibadjo, Iwaidji, Iwaydja, Jiwadja, Karadjee, Limba, Yiwaidja		Iwaydja.
znk	Manangkari	Australian, Yiwaidjan, Yiwaidjic	Australia	Northern Territory: Cobourg Peninsula	No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by the mid 20th century	10 (Extinct)	Mananggari, Manangkarri, Maung, Naragani		None known. Reportedly similar to Iwaidja [ibd].
gjr	Gurindji Kriol	Mixed language, Gurindji-Kriol	Australia	Northern Territory, Victoria River district, Kalkaringi and Daguragu	1,000 (Meakins 2013)	6a (Vigorous)	Gurindji, Gurindji Children’s Language, Gurinji, Gurinji Kriol, Miksimap
xth	Yitha Yitha	Unclassified	Australia	New South Wales state: Balranald, Booligal, Carrawathal, Lachlan river; South Australia state	No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Capell 1963)	9 (Dormant)	Eetha-eetha, Eethee Eethee, Eethie-eethie, Ita-ita, Itha-itha, Ithi-ithi, Iti-iti, Jidajida, Tjuop, Yetho, Yit-tha, Yitsa

References

• Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2019. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-second edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.

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