List of large aircraft
This is a list of large aircraft, including three types: fixed wing, rotary wing, and airships.
The US Federal Aviation Administration defines a large aircraft as any aircraft with a certificated maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of more than 12,500 lb (5,700 kg) [1]
The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) defines a large aircraft as either "an aeroplane with a maximum take-off mass of more than 5,700 kilograms (12,600 pounds) or a multi-engined helicopter."[2]
Fixed-wing[edit]
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Template:Avilisthead |- ! Type !! First flight ! Role !! Built !! Length !! Span !! MTOW !! Capacity ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | Ilya Muromets || 1913 | airliner/bomber || 85+ || 17.5 m || 29.8 m || 4.6 t || Pax: 16 | First multi-engine aircraft in serial production, Russky Vityaz development |- | Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI || 1916 | Bomber || 56 || 22.1 m || 42.2 m || 11.8 t || | Largest WWI aircraft in regular service |- style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey" | Tarrant Tabor || 1919 | Bomber || 1 || 22.3 m || 40 m || 20.3 t || 4.1 t | Crashed on first flight |- | Dornier Do X || 12 Jul 1929 | Flying boat || 3 || 40 m || 47.8 m || 52 t || Pax: 100 | Then longest, widest and heaviest |- style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey" | Kalinin K-7 || 11 Aug 1933 | Transport || 1 || 28 m || 53 m || 46.5 t || Pax: 120 | Widest aircraft until the Tupolev ANT-20 |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Tupolev ANT-20 || 19 May 1934 | Transport || 2 || 32.9 m || 63 m || 53 t || Pax: 72 | Widest and heaviest until the Douglas XB-19 |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Douglas XB-19 || 27 Jun 1941 | Bomber || 1 || 40.3 m || 64.6 m || 73.5 t || | Longest until the Laté. 631, widest until the B-36, heaviest until the Martin Mars |- | Messerschmitt Me 323 || 20 Jan 1942 | Transport || 198 || 28.2 m || 55.2 m || 43 t || 12 t | Highest cargo capacity land-based World War II transport |- | Martin JRM Mars || 23 Jun 1942 | Flying boat || 7 || 35.7 m || 61 m || 74.8 t || 15 t | Heaviest until the Junkers 390, Largest serial production flying boat |- | Latécoère 631 || 4 Nov 1942 | Flying boat || 11 || 43.5 m || 57.4 m || 71.4 t || Pax: 46 | Longest until the Convair B-36 |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Junkers Ju 390 || 20 Oct 1943 | Bomber || 2 || 34.2 m || 50.3 m || 75.5 t || 10 t | Heaviest until the BV 238, Junkers entry for the Amerika Bomber project |- style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey" | Blohm & Voss BV 238 || Apr 1944 | Flying boat || 1 || 43.3 m || 60.2 m || 100 t || | Heaviest built during WWII, destroyed in 1945 |- | Convair B-36|| 8 Aug 1946 | Bomber || 384 || 49.4 m || 70.1 m || 186 t || | Heaviest until the B-52, longest and widest until the Hughes H-4 |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Hughes H-4 Hercules || 2 Nov 1947 | Flying boat || 1 || 66.7 m || 97.8 m || 180 t || | Longest until the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy and widest until the Stratolaunch |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Convair XC-99 || 23 Nov 1947 | Transport || 1 || 55.6 m || 70.1 m || 145 t || 45 t | B-36 development, most capable transport aircraft until the An-22 |- | Boeing B-52|| 15 Apr 1952 | Bomber || 744 || 48.5 m || 56.4 m || 220 t || | Heaviest until the XB-70, still in service |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | XB-70|| 21 Sep 1964 | Bomber || 2 || 56.4 m || 32.0 m || 246 t || | Heaviest until the An-22, Mach 3 prototype bomber |- | Antonov An-22 || 27 Feb 1965 | Transport || 68 || 57.9 m || 64.4 m || 250 t || 80 t | Heaviest until the C-5, Heaviest turboprop aircraft |- style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey" | Caspian Sea Monster || 16 Oct 1966 | Ekranoplan || 1 || 92 m || 37.6 m || 544 t|| | Heaviest and longest flying vehicle until the An-225, 1980 crash |- | Lockheed C-5 Galaxy || 30 Jun 1968 | Transport || 131 || 75.3 m || 67.9 m || 417 t || 127.5 t | Largest payload capacity until the An-124 |- | Boeing 747 || 9 Feb 1969 | Airliner || 1557 || 70.7 m || 59.6 m || 378 t || Pax: 550/660 | Highest passenger capacity airliner until the Airbus A380 |- | Antonov An-124 || 26 Dec 1982 | Transport || 55 || 69.1 m || 73.3 m || 402 t || 150 t | Most capable transport until the An-225 |- style="font-style: italic; background-color: lightgrey" | Antonov An-225 Mriya || 21 Dec 1988 | Transport || 1 || 84 m || 88.4 m || 640 t || 250 t | Heaviest aircraft and most capable transport, destroyed in 2022 |- | Airbus Beluga || 13 Sep 1994 | Outsize cargo || 5 || 56.2 m || 44.8 m || 155 t || 1,500 m³ | Airbus A300 derivative, largest volume until the Dreamlifter |- | Airbus A380|| 27 Apr 2005 | Airliner || 242 || 72.7 m || 79.8 m || 575 t || Pax: 850 | Highest passenger capacity airliner |- | Boeing Dreamlifter || 9 Sep 2006 | Outsize cargo || 4 || 71.7 m || 64.4 m || 364 t || 1,840 m³ | Boeing 747-400 derivative, largest volume until the BelugaXL |- | Airbus BelugaXL|| 19 Jul 2018 | Outsize cargo || 5 || 63.1 m || 60.3 m || 227 t || 2,209 m³ | Airbus A330 derivative, largest volume |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Stratolaunch || 13 Apr 2019 | Air launch || 1 || 73 m || 117 m || 590 t || 250 t | Current heaviest and widest, prototype air-launch-to-orbit carrier |}
Projects[edit]
Template:Avilisthead |- ! Type ! Proposed ! data-sort-type=number | MTOW ! class="unsortable"| Notes |- | Poll Triplane | 1917 (circa) || | 50 m wingspan[3] |- | Victory Bomber | 1940/1941 || 47.2 t | 52 m wingspan, to carry a ten-ton earthquake bomb, rejected by the RAF[4] |- | Boeing 2707 SST | 1960s || 306 t | A 93 m long Concorde answer, canceled in 1971 |- | Lockheed CL-1201 | 1960s || 6,420 t | Nuclear-powered, 1,120 feet (340 m) wing span, airborne aircraft carrier |- | Boeing RC-1 | 1970s || 1,610 t | "flying pipeline", proposed before the 1973 oil crisis |- | Conroy Virtus | 1974 || 386 t | 140 m wingspan, to carry Space Shuttle parts |- | Beriev Be-2500 | 1980s || 2,500 t | Super heavy amphibious transport aircraft |- | Beriev Be-5000 | 1980s || 5,000 t | Twin fuselage Be-2500 |- | McDonnell Douglas MD-12 | 1990 || 430 t | Proposed double deck airliner, canceled in mid-1990s |- | Boeing New Large Airplane | 1990s || 532 t | 747 replacement powered by 777 engines, canceled in the 1990s |- | Aerocon Dash 1.6 wingship | 1990s || 5,000 t | US ground effect aircraft, developed with Russian consultation |- | Tupolev Tu-404 | 1990s || 605 t | Blended wing body airliner for 1,214 passenger, 110 m wingspan[5] |- | Sukhoi KR-860 | 1990s || 650 t | Transport for 300 t payload or 860-1,000 passengers Double deck airliner |- | Boeing 747X | 1996 || 473 t | 747-400 stretch, Airbus A3XX competitor |- | Boeing Pelican | 2002 || 2,700 t | Ground effect and medium altitude transport |- | Airbus A380-900 | 2006 || 590 t | Airbus A380-800 stretch, postponed in May 2010[6] |- | TsAGI HCA-LB | 2010s || 1,000 t | Ground effect aircraft powered by LNG |- | Skylon | current || 345 t | Reusable spaceplane |}
Rotary-wing[edit]
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Template:Avilisthead |- ! Type ! First flight ! MTOW !Number built !class="unsortable"| Notes |- | Cierva W.11 Air Horse | Template:Datesort | 8 t | 1 | three rotor helicopter |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Hughes XH-17 | Template:Datesort | 23 t | 1 | Prototype heavy-lift helicopter, largest rotor at 39.6 m |- | Mil Mi-6 | Template:Datesort | 44 t | 926 | Heavy transport helicopter, 35 m rotor |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Mil V-12 or Mi-12 | Template:Datesort | 105 t | 2 | Largest prototype helicopter, 2 × 35 m rotors |- | Mil Mi-26 | Template:Datesort | 56 t | 316 | Heaviest serial production helicopter |- style="background-color: lightgrey" | Fairey Rotodyne | Template:Datesort | 15 t | 1 | Largest gyrodyne. Prototype for 40 passengers |- |Kamov Ka-22 |Template:Datesort |42.5 t |4 |composite rotorcraft |- | Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey | Template:Datesort | 21.5 t | 400 | First operational VTOL tiltrotor |}
Proposals[edit]
- Yakovlev Yak-60 - Mil V-12 size helicopter design
- Yakovlev VVP-6 - Mil V-12 size helicopter design
Lighter than air[edit]
Template:Avilisthead |+ Large balloons ! Type !! Date !! Volume !! Description |- | Preusen ("Prussia") | 1901 | 8,400 m3[7] | German experimental prototype
|-
| CL75 AirCrane | 2001 | 110,000 m3 | CargoLifter experimental prototype, approximately 120.6 tonnes with helium fill |}
Template:Avilisthead |+ Large airships ! Type ! First flight ! Volume ! Length ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | Zeppelin LZ 1 | 1900 | 11,300 m3[7] | 128 m | German experimental prototype |- | R38 (US: ZR-2) | 1921 | 77,100 m3[8] | 212 m | UK military, built for US Navy |- | R100 | 1929 | 193,970 m3 | 216 m | UK experimental passenger transport |- | HM Airship R101 | 14 Oct 1929 | 156,000 m3 | 236 m | Followed by the smaller 146,000 m3 R100 (220 m) on 16 Dec 1929 |- | US Navy USS Akron | 8 Aug 1931 | 180,000 m3 | 239 m | Largest helium-filled airship along its USS Macon sister ship |- | LZ 129 Hindenburg | 4 Apr 1936 | 200,000 m3 | 245 m | Largest volume along with its LZ130 Graf Zeppelin II sister ship, approximately 237.2 tonnes with hydrogen fill |}
Proposals[edit]
Hydrogen carrier airship (2.45 km long) and balloon (727 m wide), 28000 tonne MTOW both.[9]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Schoolcraft, Don, FAA Definitions begining [sic] with the letter L., Aviation Safety Bureau
- ↑ EASA Regulation – Amendment of Implementing Rule 2042/2003, Version 1 (PDF). 13 January 2012. p. 4. Retrieved 20 May 2014. Search this book on
- ↑ Gunston, Bill, 1991. Giants of the Sky: The Largest Aeroplanes of All Time. Sparkford, UK: Patrick Stephens Limited.
- ↑ Buttler, Tony. Secret Projects: British Fighters and Bombers 1935 -1950 Midland Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-85780-179-2 Search this book on ..
- ↑ ""404" Tupolev". testpilot.ru. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "A380-900 and freighter both on 'back-burner': Enders". Flight International. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ege, L,; "Balloons and Airships", Blandford (1973).
- ↑ "R38/ZR2". The Airship Heritage Trust. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
- ↑ Hunt, Julian David; Byers, Edward; Balogun, Abdul-Lateef; Leal Filho, Walter; Colling, Angeli Viviani; Nascimento, Andreas; Wada, Yoshihide (2019), "Using the jet stream for sustainable airship and balloon transportation of cargo and hydrogen", Energy Conversion and Management: X, 3: 100016, doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2019.100016 Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help)
Further reading[edit]
- Jarrett, Philip (2008), The Colour Encyclopedia of Incredible Aeroplanes, Dorling Kindersley, ISBN 978-1405335980
- Kaplan, Philip (2005), Big Wings, Pen & Sword Aviation, ISBN 978-1844151783
- Layton, Julia (2011), What's the world's largest airplane?, How Stuff Works
- Malone, Robert (2007), "The World's Biggest Planes", Forbes
- Patterson, Thom (2013), Stalking world's biggest planes makes for photos that say 'wow', CNN
- Robinson, Douglas (1973), Giants in the Sky, University of Washington Press, ISBN 978-0295952499
- Ruffin, Steven (2005), "Goliaths of the Air", Aviation's Most Wanted, Potomac, pp. 62–67, ISBN 978-1574886740
External links[edit]
- Top 50 Largest Aircraft at Global Aircraft
- Largest Plane in the World at Aerospaceweb
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