Luarsab Sharashidze
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Luarsab Sharashidze (18 January, 1923, - 7 February , 1991) - Georgian scientist, public figure, teacher, pathologist, morphologist, founder of cytohistochemistry and scientific oncology and one of the organizers of the healthcare system in Georgia , founder of the Georgian Oncology Scientific Center and its first director, educator of many generations of Georgian and Soviet medical scientists, Honored Worker of Georgian Sciences (1984), Doctor of Medical Sciences (1960), Professor (1963), author of 10 monographs and about 300 scientific works , supervisor of 58 candidate and 20 doctoral theses. His works and discoveries are included in the great medical encyclopedia. He is the only Georgian and Soviet scientist who participated in all Union and world symposia and congresses in morphology, cytohistochemistry and oncology. Member of the CPSU since 1953.
Biography[edit]
He was born on January 18, 1923 in Tbilisi in the family of doctors Kalistrate Sharashidze and Ekaterine Pkhakadze.
In 1930-1939, he studied at Tbilisi Secondary School No. 1, which he graduated with honors, and in the same year he entered the Tbilisi State Medical Institute, which he also graduated with honors in 1946.
In 1943, he was the first and only fourth-year student at the Tbilisi State Medical Institute, who was appointed as a senior laboratory assistant at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the same institute on the recommendation of Academician Vladimir Zhgenti and gave practical lessons in pathology to third-year students. In 1946-1949, he studied at the post-graduate course of the same institute at the department of pathological anatomy, where he later worked as an assistant, docent and professor.
In 1950, he defended his candidate's thesis. In 1951-1956, he was the head of the pathomorphological department of the Tbilisi Scientific-Research Institute of Tuberculosis. In 1951, for the first time in Georgia, the latest methods of neuromorphological research were introduced in the pathomorphological department of the Tbilisi Scientific-Research Institute of Tuberculosis. In 1952-1953, it was proved by him for the first time that the emergence, localization, course and outcome of tuberculosis depended directly on the condition of the innervation mechanisms. In 1954, he was the first to establish that it is possible to obtain non-pathogenic strains of the microbe; He determined the forms of human actinomycosis, which helped to develop new vaccines, and his data was included in a large medical encyclopedia.
In 1956, at the age of 33, cytochemical research methods were first introduced in Georgia: tetrazone reaction (to detect aromatic amino acids), DDD reaction (to detect the thiol group of proteins) and Schiff-iodic acid reaction. In 1957, also for the first time in Georgia, he founded the Department of Cytohistochemistry in the Scientific-Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Surgery, which he headed until 1973. During this period, the results of the scientific research conducted by him in this department made him and his department famous in the Soviet Union and in different countries of the world. The results of this research have been included in a large medical encyclopedia and medical manuals of different countries around the world.
In 1958, he used absorption microphotometry for the first time to determine the amount of nucleic acids and proteins by means of the "MUF-5" device. In 1959, he was the first to publish a practical manual in cytohistochemistry. In 1959-1960, he was the first Georgian scientist to present the results of cytochemical research at the Union Congress of Pathomorphologists in Kharkiv and at the First World Congress of Cytohistochemists in Paris.
In 1960 he defended his doctoral thesis and in 1963 he was awarded the title of professor in the field of pathomorphology. In 1960, for the first time in Georgia, he published a monograph on cytohistochemistry of tumors. In 1962, he was elected as a member of the Cytology Commission under the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. In 1963 - as a member of the national committee in cytohistochemistry at the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Council of the Society of Oncologists of the Soviet Union, a member of the Scientific Council of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in malignant tumors, a member of the editorial board of the All-Union magazine ยซะะพะฟัะพัั ะะฝะบะพะปะพะณะธะธยป.
In 1964, for the first time in Georgia, he held the 1st Union Symposium on Cytohistochemistry of Tumors. In 1968, he developed a new working scheme of the cell structure, which reveals the unity of all cellular and intracellular membranes and their structural-spatial relationship between the cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. In 1971, he first developed a new cytochemical method for DNA detection without thermal hydrolysis.
In 1972, a Soviet Union-Poland symposium on the use of cytochemical methods in oncology was held in Georgia under his leadership. In 1973, for the first time, he developed and provided the cell differentiation maturation index, which is successfully used in the differential diagnosis of tumors. In 1973, he discovered a double form of RNA in the nucleus of a smooth cell: labile (necessary for reproduction) and stable (necessary for maturation); He also discovered an excess of labile RNA in tumor cells and, by replacing it in tissue cultures, accelerated cell maturation.
1973-1975, he was the director of the Scientific Research Institute of Oncology.
In 1974, for the first time, he scientifically substantiated a completely new concept of carcinogenesis and established that the hyperplastic processes occurring in tissues under the influence of chemical carcinogens are not due to the strengthening of the mitotic activity of cells, but rather to the suppression of the processes of cell reproduction and maturation. His data is included in the big medical encyclopedia.
In 1974, he was the first to raise the issue of the need to create an oncology scientific center in Georgia, which was successfully implemented in agreement with Eduard Shevardnadze, the Minister of Health of the Soviet Union, academician Boris Petrovsky and the director of the Moscow Oncology Scientific Center, academician Nikoloz Blokhin, and in 1975 the Sakartelo Oncology Scientific Center was founded, the first director of which was Luarsab Sharashidze became The Georgian oncology center was the third in the Soviet Union, after Moscow and Leningrad oncology centers.
1975-1988 he was the director of the Georgian Oncology Scientific Center. Since 1977, on his initiative, about 20 new clinical, theoretical and organizational departments and laboratories were formed in the oncocenter for the first time: chemical carcinogenesis, functional diagnostics, organizational method, scientific informatics and patent science, mammology, abdominal, urology, proctology, thoracic, children's oncology, endoscopy, Head and neck, skin, soft tissues and bones, anesthesia, intensive care and resuscitation, cryosurgery, reflex therapy, immunology, bacteriology, hematoblastosis, chemotherapy and radiology.
In 1975-1980, under his direct leadership, cytological laboratories were established throughout the Republic of Georgia, in various cities (Kutaisi, Batumi, etc.).
He was the first in Georgia to carry out the fundamental reorganization and improvement of the oncology service, created a new network of oncology services in a number of regions of Georgia, opened oncology profile dispensaries and polyclinics. With his efforts, a new era of scientific approach to research, prevention and treatment of cancer patients began.
In 1960-1988, he is the only Georgian and Soviet scientist who was a participant, head of sessions and speaker in Russian and English languages of all Union and world conferences, symposiums and congresses of pathomorphologists, cytohistochemists and oncologists (Poland, Russia, Romania, Yugoslavia, France, Germany, Japan , USA, Argentina and others).
He was the author of 10 monographs and about 300 scientific works in Georgian, Russian, English and French languages, supervisor of 58 candidate and 20 doctoral theses. He created a large scientific school of doctors, his disciples successfully led and lead a number of scientific research institutions and chairs in medical universities.
Luarsab Sharashidze had 50 years of scientific and teaching experience in pathology, morphology, cytohistochemistry and oncology. In addition, he was an outstanding innovator, wrote poems, drew, was fond of football and chess.
He died on February 7, 1991 at the age of 68 at his desk, his microscope. He is buried in Saburtalo Pantheon of Scientists and Public Figures in Tbilisi.
- Father โ Kalistrate Sharashidze, doctor; Mother โ Ekaterine Pkhakadze, doctor; First spouse โ Tinatin Vatsadze (1944-1946; b. 1923, Tbilisi โ d. 2008, ibid.), doctor of medical sciences, professor; Son - Giorgi Sharashidze (b. 1945 - d. 2015), doctor of medical sciences, professor Second spouse - Rusudan Bulusashvili (1954-1991; b. 1928, Tbilisi), doctor of medical sciences, professor. Son - Manana Sharashidze (b. 1955, Tbilisi), doctor of medical sciences, professor, businesswoman, philanthropist; Child - Maya Sharashidze (b. 1958, Tbilisi), doctor of medicine.
In his honor, in 1992, in Tbilisi, on the "Hill of Thought", I. A memorial board named after him was made at house No. 7 in Nikoladze I lane, where he was born and lived until his death.
In 1992, Iakob Nikoladze Lane I, where he was born and lived until his death, was named after Luarsab Sharashidze.
In 2004, his bust was erected in the courtyard of the Georgian Oncology Scientific Center.
In 2019, his bust was erected on Luarsab Sharashidze Street, in a small square, in front of the house in which he was born and lived until his death.
Sources[edit]
- Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, แข. 10, แแ., 1986. โ แแ. 685.
- แแแแแแ โแกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แ แแกแแแฃแแแแโ โ27, 1991 แฌแแแ.
- แแฃแ แแแแ โแกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แกแแแแแแชแแแ แแแแแแโ โ6, 1992 แฌแแแ.
- แแแแแแ โแกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แ แแกแแฃแแแแแโ โ81, 1993 แฌแแแ.
- แแแแแแ โแกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แ แแกแแฃแแแแแโ โ269, 2004 แฌแแแ.
- ยซะะพะฟัะพัั ะะฝะบะพะปะพะณะธะธยป, ั. XXIX, โ6, 1983 ะณ.Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 10, Tbilisi, 1986. - pg. 685
- Newspaper "Georgian Republic" N27, 1991
- Journal "Georgian Medical News" N81, 1992
- Newspaper "Georgian Republic" N81, 1993
- Newspaper "Georgian Republic" N269, 2004
Resources in Internet[edit]
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