Lukijan Musicki
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Lukijan Mušicki (Serbian Cyrillic: Лукијан Мушицки, pronounced [lukǐjaːn muʃǐtskiː]; 27 January 1777 – 15 March 1837) was a Serbian Orthodox bishop, writer and poet. From 1828 he was bishop of Karlovac, now in Croatia.
Biography[edit]
Luka Mušicki was born on 27 January 1777 in Temerin, then part of the Habsburg monarchy, now Serbia.[1] He comes from a Serbian family that moved to Bačka from an Turkish-occupied Bosnian village of Mušić to [[Valjevo], Serbia, then also part of the Ottoman Empire, in the 17th century. The surname Mušicki comes from the ancestral village of his forefathers. Afterwards, the family moved to Temerin. He studied elementary school in Temerin, with teacher Pavle Milenović, a well-known "calligrapher". He attended the Serbian school for another year in Titel, with his teacher and uncle Stevan Popović. Then he went to the German border grammar school in that place for two more years. [2] He studied at the Novi Sad Gymnasium and continued on until he graduated from the Szeged Gymnasium.
By his further studies Mušicki was wholly attached to the Kingdom of Hungary: he studied in Ujvidek, Szeged and at the University of Pest, where he added to his law studies aesthetics, then taught by the renowned professor Lajos Schedius. Possessing ten languages, Mušicki had a vast knowledge of literature, was particularly fond of Greek and Latin poets, especially Horace (he knew his "De arte poetica" by heart) and in time he would be called by his contemporaries "the Serbian Horace". He wrote a large number of odes dedicated to Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Cicero, Plautus, Juvenal, but also to Herder, Rousseau, Schiller and the great Russian poet Derzhavin. Mušicki's classical poetry is written in the Slavonic-Serbian language, its uttered forms are the alcaic stanza, the asclepiad stanza, hexameters and iambs. Although his poetry seemed obscure and difficult to access even in his time, his didactic and exhortatory patriotic poems, such as "Glas narodoljubca" (1819) and "Glas arfe Sisatovacke" (1821) had a very great importance and a wide resonance with the contemporary public. However, when Mušicki also started to use the decasyllable of folk epic poetry (1822) his language became more understandable and closer to the new stndardized and reformed Serbian language which was beginning to take root, thanks to him and the rest of the generation of innovators headed by Vuk Karadžić, Sava Mrkalj, Jan Kollar, Pavel Safarik, Ljudevit Gaj. Also, at about the same time, Ferenc Kazinczy was reforming the Hungarian language.
Clerical career[edit]
After graduating, he became the administrator of the metropolitan office in Sremski Karlovci, a teacher of theology and, after becoming a monk in November 1802. [3], archimandrite of the monastery Šišatovac. Observing Mušicki's poetic talent and command of many languages, particularly Slavonic-Serbian and Old Slavonic, Metropolitan Stefan Stratimirović[4] gave him the name of Lucian (Lukijan in Serbian), the most modern of all writers of antiquity, because the range of his interest was so wide. It made sense to give Mušicki a name of a Greek writer who was not a Greek nor a Latin, but a Syrian of Semitic stock, who mastered an alien tongue and became one of the finest adornments of a literature which was both native with him. The new Lucian was predestined to redeem the glorious Serbian past and rid his people of all shackles that bind, real and subliminal.
Lukijan suffered injustice there for two years, while he was under the rule of a simple and cruel monk, so he was without a shirt and shoes. As a very gifted person, they hated him at the metropolitan court in Karlovac and wanted to embarrass him, accusations were spread that he ruined the monastery [5] for advancing the education of his people, of both genders. From 1828 until his death, he was the Bishop of Gornji Karlovac, with his seat first in Plaški, and from 1829 in Gornji Karlovac.
There were German-language schools in the Military Frontier, and he opened the first Serbian-language schools in Plaški (1824-1827), Škarama, Zrmanja and Mutilić. As an archimandrite, he founded the Theological School in Plaški in 1824, where he also taught science. He transferred it as the bishop of Gornja Karlovačka in 1829 to Karlovac, and in Plaški he started the Preparatory Theological School in 1831 instead. Mušicki "brought out of it and sent to the people young priests, established in Orthodoxy and conscious Serbs". He also arranged for Serbian children to receive an Orthodox catechism in German border schools. [6] From which two teacher trainees received 120 forints each year. [7]
From his personal library, the National Library of Serbia was created in 1837. [8]
He died as the Bishop of Gornja Karlovačka in his home [9], where he rests in the Serbian cemetery in Karlovac, 18 March 1837. [10]
Activity[edit]
Mušicki was one of the most educated writers of his time. In addition to Greek and Latin, he mastered several European languages and read almost all the great poets of ancient and modern times. His favorite poets are: Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, a famous German poet, writer of the "Messiah", David "psalmist" and especially [Horace], whose poetics ("Ars poetica" he knew by heart). He took metrical forms, praiseworthy and solemn eloquence from Horace and was the first among Serbs to start creating artistic poetry in the spirit of pseudoclassical European poetry. He himself says that he imitates "Flaka" and considers it a great success that he can sing in Serbian according to Latin metric patterns.
A very learned and educated writer, Mušicki tries to adapt the archaic Old Slavic language, which had a long literary traditions steeped in translated gospels from the early Middle Ages, to the pseudoclassical discipline of form, at a time when that discipline survived as well as the language itself. He tried to create new rhythmic forms independently of the folk song and gave several virtuoso patterns, but his attempt failed when he died and the archaic language was reformed.
Living in the age of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić's language and spelling reforms, Mušicki also dealt with the issue of language. He is responsible for introducing the letter "j" after "đ" (đ) in the Serbian alphabet, he declared it to be the national language, and a church language as well.
References[edit]
- Translated and adapted from Serbian Wikipedia: https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8?msclkid=8eb4a909c5df11ec8387dcf7c7eae269
- ↑ name="#1">"Гласник Историјског друштва у Новом Саду", Нови Сад 1937.
- ↑ name = "automatically generated2"> "Srpska Zora", Vienna in 1876
- ↑ Milorad Pavić: mpavic-klasicizam-3.html Bio-bibliographic contributions on important writers. rastko.rs
- ↑ "Srpska Zora", Vienna 1876.
- ↑ Tomanović 2007, p. 92.
- ↑ "Školski list", Sombor, 1882
- ↑ "Školski list", Sombor in 1881
- ↑ name = "automatically generated2"
- ↑ name = "automatically generated1"
- ↑ Rudolf Strohal, Grad Karlovac described and outlined , government. nakl. (Printed by M. Fogina), Karlovac, 1906, pp. 232.
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