Majority illusion
The Majority Illusion theory
The Majority Illusion theory is a Social science and Information science theory proposed by the team of researchers led by Ph.D. Kristina Lerman[1], from the USC (Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA)[2]
Background
It is based on the notion that individuals’ decisions and opinions are often influenced by the decisions and opinions of others to whom they are exposed. However, an individual rarely has real and complete statistical data of the states of others. Rather, the individual must estimate it based on observations of their social contacts. Those observations and the resulting conclusions could be distorted for some reasons, and therefore create a biased perception of the individual regarding their fellow social network peers’ decisions and opinions.
Such a distortion can be manifested when a state that is globally rare in a network may be dramatically over-represented in the individual's network. In such cases, systematic overestimation of the prevalence of other people’s opinions or decisions may accelerate the spread of social contagions. This phenomenon can be manifested in daily decisions people make to adopt an idea, a political view, engage in certain behavior like abuse of drugs or alcohol, or engage in social movements, etc. Such behaviors can be “contagious,” promoted by the Majority Illusion, as people mistakenly perceive others as practicing those behaviors and then adopt them themselves.
Network structure
Network structure can bias social perceptions that individuals make about their peers. People tend to socially connect with similar others. This refers to Homophily. This promotes Selective exposure theory to similar ideas and a biased sample of the population. It leads individuals to overestimate the prevalence of their views in a population, further reinforcing their initial opinions. * This is also related to Filter bubble that was explained in our presentation. Another distortion network factor is that people may conceal their opinions from peers, avoiding social sanctions. In turn, such “selective disclosure” will further bias perceptions.
Marketing application
Kerry Jones (experienced digital marketer) writes: "If your influencer marketing strategy aims to achieve conversion-based goals, such as getting people to sign up for a free trial or buy your product, partnering with niche influencers may yield the best results. Niche influencers with smaller but highly engaged audiences may not be your top-of-mind choice, but there are many benefits to working with influencers in niche communities as opposed to influencers with massive followings. For one, it turns out niche influencers may be the best choice for creating the majority illusion and moving their audience to take action. The research found the majority illusion is most likely to happen in social networks where individual members with a low number of connections are connected to individuals with a high number of connections, which are group dynamics likely to occur in niche communities with a handful of popular members. Highly connected members of these tightly knit groups, or niche influencers, wield significant influence within their network. Less popular members of the group may be easily influenced since they are less exposed to outside ideas and opinions."[3]
See also
- Algorithmic radicalization
- Communal reinforcement
- Content farm
- Deradicalization
- Echo chamber (media)
- False consensus effect
- Filter bubble
- Group polarization
- Groupthink
- Media consumption
- Search engine manipulation effect
- Selective exposure theory
- Serendipitous discovery, an antithesis of filter bubble
- Spiral of silence
- Stereotype
- The Social Dilemma
Reference
1. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Cz6vH68AAAAJ&hl=en
2. https://www.isi.edu/people/lerman/about
3. https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/majority-illusion-influencer-marketing
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