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Module:Clade

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


This module is designed to be used with the clade template to draw phylogenetic trees or cladograms. The new template-module combination extends the feature available with the clade and cladex templates, while replicating the behaviour of the older templates written with the template language. This module is copied from the test version Module:Sandbox/Jts1882/CladeN, which was used with the template Template:CladeN to test the features during development.

Additionally, the module has the code for a prototype [User:Jts1882/sandbox/templates/NewickConverter|NewickConverter] template, which converts Newick strings into clade structure. This is not to be used in wikipedia articles, but is a utility to help construct cladograms for inclusion in articles.

The diagram below gives an overview of the features. See the template documentation for a more detailed description of how to use the templates.

Usage

{{#invoke:Clade|main|style={{{style}}}}}

Examples

Simple examples mimicking the clade template:

Example demonstrating more advanced features of cladeN:

Example demonstrating features available:

User:Jts1882/sandbox/test/Newick tree




--[[NOTE: this module contains functions for generating the table structure of the clade tree: 

The main function is called by the template using the {{invoke}} instruction; the three main functions are:
        p.main(frame) - opens and closes table, loops through the children of node, main is invoked once and controls the rest, calling ...
        p.addTaxon(childNumber, nodeLeaf) - the nuts and bolts; code dealing with each child node
        p.addLabel(childNumber) - adds the label text
        
        now uses templatestyles
]]

local p = {}



--[[============================== main function  ===========================
-- main function, which will generate the table structure of the tree

Test version:
Usage: {{#invoke:Module:Sandbox/Jts1882/CladeN|main|style={{{STYLE|}}} }}
Template:CladeN

Release version:
Usage: {{#invoke:Clade|main|style={{{STYLE|}}} }}
Template:Clade
]]

function p.main(frame)

	local cladeString = ""	
	local maxChildren = 20 -- currently 17 in the clade/cladex templates
	local childNumber = 0
    lastNode = 0 -- make this global for now (declaring here prevents lua error for nil value in template)
	--local nodeCount = 0 -- total leafs plus new clade branches
	--local leafCount = 0 -- just the terminal leaves
	--local cladeCount = 0 -- new clade calls (each with a table)
	local childCount = 0 -- number of leaves in the clade (can use to set bottom of bracket in addTaxon()
	local totalCount = 0
	
    infoOutput = p.getCladeTreeInfo() -- get info about clade structure, e.g. lastNode (last |N= child number)
    
    --[[ add the templatestyles tag  
          add to every clade table >> 137 times in Passeriformes test page
           cladeCount==1 >>  43 insertions
           nodeCount==2 >>  5 insertions (once for the style css, one link in each cladegram)
                            2 in Neosuchia (one for style css, one link for second cladogram)
                            this is because it counts "dummy" clades and outer clades with one leaf
           cladeCount==1 AND nodeCount==2 >>  1 insertions 
              but none in Neosuchia
    --]]
    -- worked for wrong reasons if nodeCount==2  then 
    if cladeCount==1  then 
    	local src = "Template:Clade/styles.css"
    	cladeString = cladeString .. p.templateStyle( frame, src ) .. '\n'
    end	
    
    
	local tableStyle = frame.args.style or ""
	--if tableStyle == '{{{style}}}' then tableStyle = "" end -- no longer needed as pipe added to template to suppress passing of {{{style}} when no value
	
	if tableStyle ~= "" then
		tableStyle = ' style="' .. tableStyle .. '"' -- include style= in string to suppress empty style elements
	end
    
    reverseClade =frame.args.reverse or false -- a global
    --ENFORCE GLOBAL FOR DEVELOPMENT
    --reverseClade = true

	local captionName =mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['caption'] or ""
	local captionStyle = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['captionstyle'] or ""

    -- add an element to mimick nowiki WORKS BUT DISABLE FOR DEMO PURPOSES
    --cladeString = '<p class="mw-empty-elt"></p>\n'
    
	-- open table	
	-- (border-collapse causes problems (see talk) -- cladeString = cladeString .. '{| style="border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;margin:0;' .. tableStyle .. '"'
    -- (before CSS styling) -- cladeString = cladeString .. '{| style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;' .. tableStyle .. '"'
    cladeString = cladeString .. '{|class="clade"' .. tableStyle

    -- add caption
	if captionName ~= "" then
		cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|+ style="' .. captionStyle .. '"|' .. captionName
	end
	
	-- global nodeParameters (unnumber, i.e. color, thickness, state) apply to whole node bracket, 
	--    but can be overrriden by branchParameters (numbered, e.g. color2, thickness2, state2)
	nodeColor = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['color'] or ""
	nodeThickness = tonumber(mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['thickness']) or 1
	nodeState = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['state'] or "solid"
	
	local moreNeeded = true
	childNumber = 0
	--lastNode = 0

	--[[get child elements (add more rows for each child of node; each child is two rows)
	    the function addTaxon is called to add the rows for each child element;
	    each child add two rows: the first cell of each row contains the label or sublabel (below the line label), respectively;
	    the second cell spans both rows and contains the leaf name or a new clade structure
	    a third cell on the top row is sometimes added to contain a group  to the right
	]]
	
	-- main loop
	while 	childNumber < lastNode do -- use the last number determined in the preprocessing

		childNumber = childNumber + 1 -- so we start with 1
		local nodeLeaf = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args[tostring(childNumber)] or ""  -- get data from |N=
		local nodeLabel = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['label'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""  -- get data from |labelN=
		
		
		local newickString = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['newick'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""  -- get data from |labelN=
		if newickString ~= "" then -- if using a newick string instead of a clade structure
			if nodeLabel == "" then -- use labelN by default, otherwise use root name from Newick string
				nodeLabel = p.getNewickOuterterm(newickString) -- need to use terminal part of newick string for label
			end
			cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(childNumber, p.newick(0, newickString), nodeLabel, lastNode)
			--lastNode=lastNode+1 -- there is a counting problem with the newickstring
		elseif nodeLeaf ~= "" then -- if the node contains a leaf name or clade structue
			--if reverseClade2 then
			--	cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxonReverse(childNumber, nodeLeaf, nodeLabel, lastNode)
		    --else
				cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(childNumber, nodeLeaf, nodeLabel, lastNode)
			--end
		end
	end

	local footerText  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['footer'] or ""
	local footerStyle = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['footerstyle'] or ""

	if footerText ~= "" then
	   cladeString = cladeString ..  '\n|-style="' .. footerStyle .. '"\n|colspan="2"|<p>' .. footerText .. '</p>||'
	   -- note the footer causes a problem with tr:last-child so need either
	   -- (1) use <tfoot> but it is not allowed or incompatable
	   --           cladeString = cladeString ..  '<tfoot><tr style="' .. footerStyle .. '"><td colspan="2"><p>' .. footerText .. '</p></td></tr></tfoot>'
	   -- (2) always add footer and use nth:last-child(2) but is this backwards compatible
	   -- (3) if footer= set the style inline for the last sublabel row (more a temp fix)
	   -- (4) set class for first and last element (DONE. Also works well with reverse class)
	end

	-- close table (wikitext to close table)
	cladeString = cladeString ..  '\n|}'
	
	return cladeString
	--return '<div style="width:auto;">\n' .. cladeString .. '</div>'
end

--[[ function to add child elements
     adds wikitext for two rows of the table for each child node, 
     	the first cell in each is used for the label and sublabel; the bottom border forms the horizonal branch of the bracket
     	the second cell is used for the leafname or a transcluded clade structure and spans both rows
     note that the first and last child nodes need to be handled differently from the middle elements
	     the middle elements (|2, |3 ...) use a left border to create the vertical line of the bracket
	     the first child element doesn't use a left border for the first cell in the top row (as it is above the bracket)
	     the last child doesn't use a left border for the first cell in the second row (as it is below the bracket)
]]
function p.addTaxon(childNumber, nodeLeaf, nodeLabel, lastNode)

	-- get border formating parameters for branch (default to global nodeParameters)
	--    - the branch parameters have a number, e.g. |colorN, |thicknessN, |stateN
	--    - the node parameters have no number, e.g. |color, |thickness, |state
	local branchThickness = tonumber(mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['thickness'..tostring(childNumber)]) or nodeThickness
	local branchColor = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['color'..tostring(childNumber)] or nodeColor
	local branchStyle = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['style'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""
	local branchState = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['state'..tostring(childNumber)] or nodeState -- "solid" 
	if branchState == 'double' then if branchThickness < 2 then branchThickness = 3 end end  -- need thick line for double

    -- the left border takes node parameters, the bottom border takes branch parameters
    -- this has coding on the colours for green on black
   local bottomBorder =  tostring(branchThickness) ..'px ' .. branchState  .. (branchColor~="" and ' ' .. branchColor or '')
   local leftBorder   =  tostring(nodeThickness)   ..'px ' .. nodeState  .. (nodeColor~="" and ' ' .. nodeColor or '')
	
	--The default border styles are in the CSS (styles.css)
	--    the inline styling is applied when thickness, color or state are change
	
	local useInlineStyle = false
	-- use inline styling non-default color, line thickness or state have been set
	if branchColor ~= "" or branchThickness ~=  1 or 	branchState ~= "solid"  then
		useInlineStyle = true
	end
	
	
	-- variables for right hand bar or bracket
	--local barColor  = "" 
	local barRight  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['bar'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0"
	local barBottom = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['barend'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0"
	local barTop    = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['barbegin'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0"
	local barLabel  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['barlabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""
	local groupLabel  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['grouplabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""
	local groupLabelStyle  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['labelstyle'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""

	--replace colours with format string; need right bar for all three options
	if barRight  ~= "0" then barRight  = "2px solid " .. barRight  end 
	if barTop    ~= "0" then barRight  = "2px solid " .. barTop    end
	if barBottom ~= "0" then barRight  = "2px solid " .. barBottom end 
	if barTop    ~= "0" then barTop    = "2px solid " .. barTop    end
	if barBottom ~= "0" then barBottom = "2px solid " .. barBottom end 
	
	
	-- now construct wikitext 
	local cladeString = ''
	local styleString = ''
    local borderStyle = '' -- will be used if border color, thickness or state is to be changed
    local classString = ''
    local reverseClass = ''
    
    -- class to add if using reverse (rtl) cladogram; 
    if reverseClade then reverseClass = ' reverse' end 
    
    -- (1) wikitext for new row
    --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-'

	-- (2) now add cell with label
    
	if useInlineStyle then
		if childNumber == 1 then
	        borderStyle = 'border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' 
	        --borderStyle = 'border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' 
	 	else -- for 2-17
	 		if reverseClade then
	    		borderStyle  = 'border-left:none;border-right:' .. leftBorder .. ';border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' 
	 	    else
	    		borderStyle  = 'border-left:' .. leftBorder .. ';border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' 
	    	end
		end
	end

   	if useInlineStyle or (branchStyle ~= '') then
   		styleString = 'style="' .. borderStyle .. branchStyle .. '"'
    end	

	if childNumber == 1 then
		classString= 'class="clade-label first" '    -- add class first for top row
    else
    	classString = 'class="clade-label' .. reverseClass .. '" ' -- add "reverse" class if ltr cladogram
    end

    --  wikitext for cell with label
    local labelCellString = '\n|' .. classString .. styleString  .. '|' .. p.addLabel(childNumber,nodeLabel) -- p.addLabel(nodeLabel)
    
    --cladeString = cladeString .. labelCellString

	---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	-- (3) add cell with leaf (which may be a table with transluded clade content)
    
    if barRight  ~= "0"  then 
    	if reverseClade then -- we want the bar on the left
    		styleString = ' style="border-left:' .. barRight .. ';border-bottom:' .. barBottom .. ';border-top:' .. barTop .. ';' .. branchStyle .. '"'
    	else
    		styleString = ' style="border-right:' .. barRight .. ';border-bottom:' .. barBottom .. ';border-top:' .. barTop .. ';' .. branchStyle .. '"'
    	end
    else
    	if (branchStyle ~= '') then
    		styleString = ' style="' .. branchStyle .. '"'
        else
        	styleString = '' -- use defaults in styles.css
        end
    end

    -- wikitext for leaf cell (note: nodeLeaf needs to be on newline if new wikitable)

    classString = 'class="clade-leaf' .. reverseClass .. '"'

    local leafCellString = '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString  .. styleString .. ' |\n' .. nodeLeaf 
   
    --cladeString = cladeString .. leafCellString

    
    -------------------------------------------
    -- (4) stuff for right-hand bracket labels

  	classString='class="clade-bar' .. reverseClass .. '"'
    	
    local barLabelCellString = ''
	if barRight  ~= "0"  and barLabel ~= "" then 
	   barLabelCellString = '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. ' |' .. barLabel
	else -- uncomment following line to see the cell structure
	   --barLabelCellString = '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. ' |' .. 'BL'
	end 
	
	if groupLabel ~= "" then 		
		barLabelCellString = barLabelCellString .. '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. ' style="'.. groupLabelStyle .. '" |' .. groupLabel 
	else -- uncomment following line to see the cell structure
	    --barLabelCellString = barLabelCellString .. '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. '" |' .. 'GL' 
   end 	

   --cladeString = cladeString .. barLabelCellString
    
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	-- (5) add second row (only one cell needed for sublabel because of rowspan=2); 
	--     note: earlier versions applied branch style to row rather than cell
	--           for consistency, it is applied to the sublabel cell as with the label cell
	
	--cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-' 
	
	-----------------------------------
	-- (6) add cell containing sublabel
	
	local subLabel = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['sublabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""  -- request in addLabel
	
	-- FOR TESTING: use subLabel for annotating the clade structues to use structure information (DEBUGGIING ONLY)
	--if childNumber==lastNode then subLabel= infoOutput end
	-- END TESTING
	
	borderStyle = ''
	styleString = ''
	if useInlineStyle then
		if childNumber==lastNode then 		-- if childNumber==lastNode we don't want left border, otherwise we do
			borderStyle = 'border-right:none;border-left:none;'
	    else
	 		if reverseClade then
	    		borderStyle  = 'border-left:none;border-right:' .. leftBorder .. ';' 
	 	    else
	    		borderStyle  = 'border-right:none;border-left:' .. leftBorder .. ';'  
	    	end
	    end 
    end
    if borderStyle ~= '' or  branchStyle ~= '' then         
       styleString = ' style="' .. borderStyle .. branchStyle .. '"'
    end

    --local sublabel = p.addLabel(childNumber,subLabel)

    if childNumber == lastNode then 
    	classString = 'class="clade-slabel last" ' 
    else
        classString = 'class="clade-slabel' .. reverseClass .. '" '
    end
    local sublabelCellString = '\n|' .. classString .. styleString .. '|' ..  p.addLabel(childNumber,subLabel)
    
    --cladeString = cladeString .. sublabelCellString

    -- constuct child element wikitext
    if reverseClade then
	    cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-'
	    cladeString = cladeString .. barLabelCellString
	    cladeString = cladeString .. leafCellString
	    cladeString = cladeString .. labelCellString
		cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-'     
		cladeString = cladeString .. sublabelCellString
    else	
	    cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-'
	    cladeString = cladeString .. labelCellString
	    cladeString = cladeString .. leafCellString
	    cladeString = cladeString .. barLabelCellString
		cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-'     -- add second row (only one cell needed for sublabel because of rowspan=2);
		cladeString = cladeString .. sublabelCellString
    end
    
	return cladeString
end

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--[[ reverse version;
         currently duplicates the code changing order of elements (bars, leaf, label, sublabel)
         variables border-right
--]]
function p.addTaxonReverse(childNumber, nodeLeaf, nodeLabel, lastNode)

	-- (1) get formating parameters for branch (default to global nodeParameters)
	--    - the branch parameters have a number, e.g. |colorN, |thicknessN, |stateN
	--    - the node parameters have no number, e.g. |color, |thickness, |state
	local branchThickness = tonumber(mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['thickness'..tostring(childNumber)]) or nodeThickness
	local branchColor = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['color'..tostring(childNumber)] or nodeColor
	local branchStyle = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['style'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""
	local branchState = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['state'..tostring(childNumber)] or nodeState -- "solid" 
	if branchState == 'double' then if branchThickness < 2 then branchThickness = 3 end end  -- need thick line for double

    -- the left border takes node parameters, the bottom border takes branch parameters
   local bottomBorder =  tostring(branchThickness) ..'px ' .. branchState  .. (branchColor~="" and ' ' .. branchColor or '')
   local leftBorder   =  tostring(nodeThickness)   ..'px ' .. nodeState  .. (nodeColor~="" and ' ' .. nodeColor or '')
	
	-- variables for right hand bar or bracket
	--local barColor  = "" 
	local barRight  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['bar'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0"
	local barBottom = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['barend'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0"
	local barTop    = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['barbegin'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0"
	local barLabel  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['barlabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""
	local groupLabel  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['grouplabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""
	local groupLabelStyle  = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['labelstyle'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""

	--replace colours with format string; need right bar for all three options
	if barRight  ~= "0" then barRight  = "2px solid " .. barRight  end 
	if barTop    ~= "0" then barRight  = "2px solid " .. barTop    end
	if barBottom ~= "0" then barRight  = "2px solid " .. barBottom end 
	if barTop    ~= "0" then barTop    = "2px solid " .. barTop    end
	if barBottom ~= "0" then barBottom = "2px solid " .. barBottom end 
	
	-- now construct wikitext 
	local styleString = ''
	local cladeString = ''
   
    -- (1) wikitext for new row
    cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-'

    -- (4) stuff for right-hand brackets (or left hand brackets in reverse version)

	-- note: it might be useful to add rowspan=2 to allow full range of positions
	if groupLabel ~= ""then 
		cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|rowspan=2 class="clade-bar" style="'.. groupLabelStyle .. '" |' .. groupLabel  
	end
    --[[ don't use bar label in the reverse version (probably best to get rid altogether)
	if barRight  ~= "0"  then 
    	cladeString = cladeString .. '&nbsp;&nbsp;'            -- add spaces between leaf text and bar
		if barLabel ~= "" then 
			cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|rowspan=2 style="vertical-align:middle;" |' .. barLabel 
		end
	end 
    --]]


	-- (3) add cell with leaf (which may be a table with transluded clade content)
    --cladeString = cladeString .. '|| rowspan=2 style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: ' .. barRight .. ';border-bottom: ' .. barBottom .. ';border-top: ' .. barTop .. ';' .. branchStyle .. ' " | '
	styleString = ''  
    if barRight  ~= "0"  then 
    	--(before CSS styling) -- styleString = 'style="border:0;padding:0;border-right:' .. barRight .. ';border-bottom:' .. barBottom .. ';border-top:' .. barTop .. ';' .. branchStyle .. '"'
    	styleString = ' style="border-left:' .. barRight .. ';border-bottom:' .. barBottom .. ';border-top:' .. barTop .. ';' .. branchStyle .. '"'
    else
    	--(before CSS styling) -- styleString = 'style="border:0;padding:0;' .. branchStyle .. '"'
    	if (branchStyle ~= '') then
    		styleString = ' style="' .. branchStyle .. '"'
        end
    end
    
    -- add wikitext for leaf cell (note: nodeLeaf needs to be on newline if new wikitable)
    cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|rowspan=2 class="clade-leafR"' .. styleString .. '|\n' .. nodeLeaf 
    --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. nodeLeaf  -- needs to be on newline if new wikitable

	-- (2) now add cell with label
	styleString = ''
	if childNumber == 1 then
		-- the width gives minimum spacing when all labels are empty (was 1.5em)
		--(before CSS styling) -- styleString = ' style="width:1em;border:0;padding:0 0.2em;border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;' .. branchStyle .. '"'
        styleString = 'style="border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' .. branchStyle .. '"'
 	else -- for 2-17
    	--(before CSS styling) -- styleString = ' style="border:0;padding:0 0.2em;border-left:' .. leftBorder .. ';border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;' .. branchStyle .. '"'
    	styleString = 'style="border-right:' .. leftBorder .. ';border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' .. branchStyle .. '"'
	end
    --  add wikitext for cell with label
    cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|class="clade-label" ' .. styleString  .. '|' .. p.addLabel(childNumber,nodeLabel) -- p.addLabel(nodeLabel)

    
 	

	-- (5) add second row (only one cell needed for sublabel because of rowspan=2) 
	
    local branchStyleString = 'style="' .. branchStyle .. '"  ' 
    if branchStyle == '' then branchStyleString = ''  end -- avoid empty style elements
	cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-' .. branchStyleString
		
    local subLabel = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['sublabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""  -- request in addLabel
	
	-- FOR TESTING: use subLabel for annotating the clade structues to use structure information (DEBUGGIING ONLY)
	--subLabel= '(N=' .. infoOutput .. ')'
	-- END TESTING
	
	-- (6) add cell containing sublabel
	if childNumber~=lastNode then -- if childNumber==lastNode we don't want left border, otherwise we do
		styleString = ' style="border-right:' .. leftBorder ..';"'
    else
	    --cladeString = cladeString ..  '\n' .. '| style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;" | <br/> '
	    --(before CSS styling) -- styleString = 'style="border:0;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"'
		styleString = ''
    end 
    
    local sublabel = p.addLabel(childNumber,subLabel)
    local classString = '' -- class only needed if there is a label to display
    if sublabel ~= '<br/>' then classString = 'class="clade-slabel" ' end
    
    cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|' .. classString .. styleString .. '|' ..  sublabel
    
	return cladeString
end


--[[ adds text for label or sublabel to a cell
]]
function p.addLabel(childNumber,nodeLabel)
	
	--local nodeLabel = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['label'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""

	--local firstChars = string.sub(nodeLabel, 1,2) -- get first two characters; will be {{ if no parameter (for Old method?)
	--if firstChars == "{{{" or nodeLabel == "" then
	if nodeLabel == "" then
		--return '<br/>' --'&nbsp;<br/>'  -- remove space to reduce post-expand include size (the width=1.5em handles spacing)
		--return '<br/>' -- must return something; this is critical for clade structure 
		return '&#8239;' -- &nbsp; &thinsp; &#8239;(thin nbsp)
	else
		-- spaces can cause  wrapping and can break tree structure, hence use span with nowrap class
		--return '<span class="nowrap">' .. nodeLabel .. '</span>'
		
		-- a better method for template expansion size is to replace spaces with nonbreaking spaces
		-- however, there is a problem if labels have a styling element (e.g. <span style= ..., <span title= ...)
		local stylingElementDetected = false
		if string.find(nodeLabel, "span ") ~= nil  then  stylingElementDetected = true end
		if string.find(nodeLabel, " style") ~= nil then stylingElementDetected = true end 
		
		if stylingElementDetected == true then 
			return '<span class="nowrap">' .. nodeLabel .. '</span>'
    	else	
    		local nowrapString = string.gsub(nodeLabel," ", "&nbsp;") -- replace spaces with non-breaking space
			                       -- could replace hyphen with non-breaking hyphen (&#8209;)
			return nowrapString
		end
	end
end



--[[=================== Newick string handling function =============================
]]
function p.getNewickOuterterm(newickString)
	return string.gsub(newickString, "%b()", "")   -- delete parenthetic term
end

function p.newick(count,newickString)
	
	local cladeString = ""
	count = count+1
	--start table
	--cladeString = cladeString .. '{| style="border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;border:0;margin:0;'
	cladeString = cladeString .. '{| class="clade" '
	
	local j,k
	j,k = string.find(newickString, '%(.*%)')                 -- find location of outer parenthesised term
	local innerTerm = string.sub(newickString, j+1, k-1)      -- select content in parenthesis
	local outerTerm = string.gsub(newickString, "%b()", "")   -- delete parenthetic term
	if outerTerm == 'panthera' then outerTerm = "x" end     -- how is this set in local variable for inner nodes?
	
	outerTerm = tostring(count)
	
	-- need to remove commas in bracket terms before split, so temporarily replace commas between brackets
    local innerTerm2 =  string.gsub(innerTerm, "%b()",  function (n)
                                         	return string.gsub(n, ",%s*", "XXX")  -- also strip spaces after commas here
                                            end)
	--cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(1, innerTerm2, "")

    -- this needs a lastNode variable
	local s = strsplit(innerTerm2, ",")
	--oldLastNode=lastNode
	local lastNode=table.getn(s) -- number of child branches
	local i=1	
	while s[i] do	
		restoredString = string.gsub(s[i],"XXX", ",")   -- convert back to commas
		--restoredString = s[i]
		local outerTerm = string.gsub(restoredString, "%b()", "")
		if string.find(restoredString, '%(.*%)') then
			--cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(i, restoredString, "x")
			cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(i, p.newick(count,restoredString), outerTerm, lastNode)
			-- p.addTaxon(2, p.newick(count,newickString2), "root")
		else
			cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(i, restoredString, "", lastNode) --count)
		end
		i=i+1
	end
   -- lastNode=oldLastNode
    
	-- close table
	--cladeString = cladeString ..  '\n' .. '| style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;" | <br/> \n|}'
	--cladeString = cladeString ..  '\n| <br/> \n|}' -- is this legacy for extra sublabel?
	cladeString = cladeString ..  '\n|}'
	return cladeString
end
-- emulate a standard split string function
function strsplit(inputstr, sep) 
        if sep == nil then
                sep = "%s"
        end
        local t={} ; i=1
        for str in string.gmatch(inputstr, "([^"..sep.."]+)") do
                t[i] = str
                i = i + 1
        end
        return t
end


-- =================== experimental Newick to clade parser function =============================

--[[Function of convert Newick strings to clade format

Usage: {{#invoke:Module:Sandbox/Jts1882/CladeN|newickConverter|newickstring={{{NEWICK_STRING}}} }}
]]
function p.newickConverter(frame)
	
	local newickString = frame.args['newickstring']
	
	
	if newickString == '{{{newickstring}}}' then return newickString  end

	-- show the Newick string
	local cladeString = ''
	local levelNumber = 1           --  for depth of iteration
	local childNumber = 1           --  number of sister elements on node  (always one for root)
	
	--  converted the newick string to the clade structure
	cladeString = cladeString .. '{{clade'
	cladeString = cladeString .. p.newickParseLevel(newickString, levelNumber, childNumber) 
	cladeString = cladeString .. '\r}}'  

	local resultString = ''
    local option = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['option'] or ''
    if option == 'tree' then
	 	--show the transcluded clade diagram
		resultString =   cladeString    	
    else
    	-- show the Newick string
		resultString = '<pre>'..newickString..'</pre>'	
	    -- show the converted clade structure
	    resultString = resultString .. '<pre>'.. cladeString ..'</pre>'	
    end
    --resultString = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'clade',  frame:preprocess(cladeString) }

    return resultString
end

--[[ Parse one level of Newick string
     This function receives a Newick string, which has two components
      1. the right hand term is a clade label: |labelN=labelname
      2. the left hand term in parenthesis has common delimited child nodes, each of which can be
           i.  a taxon name which just needs:  |N=leafname 
           ii. a Newick string which needs further processing through reiteration
]]
function p.newickParseLevel(newickString,levelNumber,childNumber)

    
	local cladeString = ""
	local indent = p.getIndent(levelNumber) 
	--levelNumber=levelNumber+1
	
	local j=0
	local k=0
	j,k = string.find(newickString, '%(.*%)')                 -- find location of outer parenthesised term
	local innerTerm = string.sub(newickString, j+1, k-1)      -- select content in parenthesis
	local outerTerm = string.gsub(newickString, "%b()", "")   -- delete parenthetic term

	cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|label'..childNumber..'='  .. outerTerm
	cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|' .. childNumber..'='  .. '{{clade'

	levelNumber=levelNumber+1
	indent = p.getIndent(levelNumber)
	
		-- protect commas in inner parentheses from split; temporarily replace commas between parentheses
	    local innerTerm2 =  string.gsub(innerTerm, "%b()",  function (n)
	                                         	return string.gsub(n, ",%s*", "XXX")  -- also strip spaces after commas here
	                                            end)
	
		local s = strsplit(innerTerm2, ",")
		local i=1	
		while s[i] do	
			restoredString = string.gsub(s[i],"XXX", ",")   -- convert back to commas
	
			local outerTerm = string.gsub(restoredString, "%b()", "")
			if string.find(restoredString, '%(.*%)') then
				--cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|y' .. i .. '=' .. p.newickParseLevel(restoredString,levelNumber+1,i) 
				cladeString = cladeString  .. p.newickParseLevel(restoredString,levelNumber,i) 
			else
				cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|' .. i .. '=' .. restoredString --.. '(level=' .. levelNumber .. ')'
			end
			i=i+1
		end
--    end -- end splitting of strings

	cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '}}'  
    return cladeString
end

function p.getIndent(levelNumber)
	local indent = "\r"
	local extraIndent = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['indent'] or 0
	
	while tonumber(extraIndent) > 0 do
	    indent = indent .. " " -- an extra indent to make aligining compound trees easier
	    extraIndent = extraIndent - 1
	end
	
	while levelNumber > 1 do
		indent = indent .. "   "
		levelNumber = levelNumber-1
	end
	return indent
end

function p.newickstuff(newickString)

	
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


function p.test2(target)
	local target ="User:Jts1882/sandbox/templates/Template:Passeroidea"
	local result = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = target, args = {['style'] = '' } }
	return result
end
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.toggle(frame)
	
	if 1==2 then return 'some text' end
	
	--local toggleSymbol = 'toggle all'
	local toggleSymbol = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['button'] or ""

	local toggleString = '<div class="'
                
    local i=0
    while 	i < 20 do  -- limit on number of toggle elements controlled by the trigger button
    	i = i + 1 -- so we start with 1
		local target = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['id'..tostring(i)] 
	    
	    -- add classes for the three elements of each target: expand symbol, collapse symbol and contents
	    if target ~= nil then
            toggleString = toggleString .. ' mw-customtoggle-myClade' .. target 
                ..             ' mw-customtoggle-collapseSymbol' .. target 
                ..             ' mw-customtoggle-expandSymbol' .. target 
        end
    end
  
 
 toggleString = toggleString  ..  '">' .. toggleSymbol .. '</div>'

  return toggleString
end
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function p.hidden(frame)
    
    local id = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['id'] or ""
    local mode = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['mode'] or "right"
    local expandSymbol = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['expand-symbol'] or "&#8862;"
    local collapseSymbol = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['collapse-symbol'] or "&#8863;"
    local initialState = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['expanded']
    
    -- default is content collapsed
    local contentState = " mw-collapsed" -- class to collapse content at start
    local collapseSymbolState = " mw-collapsed"
    local expandSymbolState = ""
    if initialState then
       contentState = ""
       collapseSymbolState =  ""
       expandSymbolState = " mw-collapsed" 
    end
    	
	
    -- collapsible element containing the expand sympol and/or text
    local expandSymbolString = '<td style="padding:0 0 0.25em 0;">' 
                .. '<div class="mw-collapsible' .. expandSymbolState .. '" id="mw-customcollapsible-expandSymbol' .. id .. '">'
                .. '<div class="mw-collapsible-content mw-customtoggle-expandSymbol' .. id .. '">'
                .. '<span class="mw-customtoggle-myClade' .. id 
                ..             ' mw-customtoggle-collapseSymbol' .. id 
                ..             ' mw-customtoggle-expandSymbol' .. id 
                ..    '" style="font-size:100%;">' .. expandSymbol .. '</span>'
                .. '</div></div></td>'
    
    -- collapsible element containing the clade content 
    local contentString = '<td style="padding:0;">'
                .. '<div class="mw-collapsible' .. contentState .. '" id="mw-customcollapsible-myClade' .. id .. '>'
                .. '<div class="mw-collapsible-content mw-customtoggle-NOT_ON_CONTENT" >' -- don't toggle on the content
                
                .. '\n' .. p.main(frame)  -- important to start wikitext tables on new line
                .. '</div></div></td>'
    
    -- collapsible element containing the collapse sympol and/or text
    local collapseSymbolString = '<td style="padding:0 0 0.4em 0;">'
                .. '<div class="mw-collapsible' .. collapseSymbolState .. '" id="mw-customcollapsible-collapseSymbol' .. id .. '">'
                .. '<div class="mw-collapsible-content mw-customtoggle-collapseSymbol' .. id .. '" >'
                .. '<span class="mw-customtoggle-expandSymbol' .. id 
                            .. ' mw-customtoggle-myClade' .. id 
                            .. ' mw-customtoggle-collapseSymbol' .. id 
                            .. ' " style="font-size:100%;" >' .. collapseSymbol .. '</span>'
                            .. '</div></div></td>'


	local tableStyle = frame.args.style or ""
	if tableStyle == '{{{style}}}' then tableStyle = "" end
 	local cladeString = '<table style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;'..tableStyle ..'"><tr>'
    cladeString = cladeString .. expandSymbolString 
    if mode == "left" then
    	cladeString = cladeString .. collapseSymbolString
    end
    cladeString = cladeString .. contentString 
    if mode == "right" then
    	cladeString = cladeString .. collapseSymbolString
    end
    -- Note: if we want collapse string left and right it needs an extra element with a different id
    cladeString = cladeString ..  '</tr></table>'


return cladeString
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[function getCladeTreeInfo()
	    this preprocessing loop gets information about the whole structure (number of nodes, leaves etc)
		it makes a redundant calls to the templates through transclusion, but doen't affect the template depths; 
		it provides the global lastNode that is used to limit the main while loop
--]]
function p.getCladeTreeInfo()

    -- enable proprocessing loop
    local childNumber = 0
    local childCount =0
    local maxChildren =20
    
    --info veriables (these are global for now)
    nodeCount=0
    cladeCount=0
    leafCount=0
    
	while 	childNumber < maxChildren do -- preprocessing loop
		childNumber = childNumber + 1 -- so we start with 1
		local nodeLeaf,data = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args[tostring(childNumber)] or ""  -- get data from |N=
        local newickString = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['newick'..tostring(childNumber)] or ""  -- get data from |labelN=
		if newickString ~= "" or nodeLeaf ~= "" then
		--if nodeLeaf ~= "" then 
			childCount = childCount + 1  -- this counts child elements in this clade 
		    --[[]
		    for i in string.gmatch(nodeLeaf, "||rowspan") do -- count number of rows started (transclusion)
   				nodeCount = nodeCount + 1
     		end
		    for i in string.gmatch(nodeLeaf, '{|class="clade"') do -- count number of tables started (transclusion)
   				cladeCount = cladeCount + 1
     		end
     		]]
     		-- count occurences of clade structure using number of classes used and add to counters
            local _, nClades = string.gsub(nodeLeaf, 'class="clade"', "") 
            local _, nNodes = string.gsub(nodeLeaf, 'class="clade%-leaf"', "")
            cladeCount = cladeCount + nClades
            nodeCount = nodeCount  + nNodes
            
			lastNode = childNumber -- this gets the last node with a valid entry, even when missing numbers
		end
	end
--]]	
    -- nodes can be either terminal leaves or a clade structure (table)
    --    note: should change class clade-leaf to clade-node to reflect this
    nodeCount = nodeCount            -- number of nodes (class clade-leaf) passed down by transduction 
                    + childCount + 1 --  plus one for current clade and one for each of its child element
	cladeCount = cladeCount + 1       -- number of clade structure tables passed down by transduction (plus one for current clade)
	leafCount = nodeCount-cladeCount   -- number of terminal leaves (equals height of cladogram)
	
	-- output for testing: number of clades / total nodes / terminal nodes (=leaves)
	--                     (internal nodes)                   (cladogram height)
	infoOutput = '<small>[' .. cladeCount .. '/' .. nodeCount .. '/' .. leafCount .. ']</small>'
	
	return infoOutput 
	
end

--[[ code for placing TemplateStyles from the module
     source: Anomie (CC-0)  https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200442
]]

function p.templateStyle( frame, src )
   return frame:extensionTag( 'templatestyles', '', { src = src } );
end

function p.showClade(frame)
	--local code = frame.args.code or ""
    local code = frame:getParent().args['code2'] or ""
	
	--return  code 
	--return mw.text.unstrip(code)
	
	--local test = "<pre>Hello</pre>"
	--return string.sub(test,6,-7)
	
	local o1 =frame:getParent():getArgument('code2')
	return o1:expand()
	
	--return string.sub(code,2,-1)              -- strip marker  \127'"`UNIQ--tagname-8 hex digits-QINU`"'\127
	--return frame:preprocess(string.sub(code,3))
end
function p.testTable(frame)
	
	-- build HTML table
	local galleryTable = mw.html.create('table')
	galleryTable:addClass('wikitable')
	galleryTable:addClass('sortable')
	galleryTable:css('text-align', 'center')
	
    galleryTable:tag('caption'):wikitext('Table created with mw.html')
    
    local row = galleryTable:tag('tr')
	row:tag('th'):wikitext('Header 1')
	row:tag('th'):wikitext('Header 2')
	row:tag('th'):wikitext('Header 3')
	--:attr('rowspan', 2)
	
	row = galleryTable:tag('tr')
	row:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('A1')
	row:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('B1')
	row:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('C1')

	local row2 = mw.html.create('tr')                         -- create an independent row element
	row2:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('A3')
	row2:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('B3')
	row2:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('C3')
	
	row = galleryTable:tag('tr')
	row:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('A2')
	row:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('B2')
	row:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext('C2')
	
	galleryTable:node(row2)                                   -- now add row2 as node
	
	return tostring(galleryTable)
end

function p.example(frame)
	
	local params = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args
		-- build HTML table
	local exampleTable = mw.html.create('table')
	exampleTable:addClass('wikitable')
	local align = params['align'] or 'center'
	if align == 'center' then
		exampleTable:css('margin-left', 'auto')
		exampleTable:css('margin-right','auto')
	elseif align == 'right' then
		exampleTable:css('float',align)
	end
	
	local columns = {'description','code','output','comment'}
	--local headers = {'Description','Code','Output','Comment'}
    -- create header row and add requested headers
    local row = exampleTable:tag('tr')
    local headerText
    for k,v in pairs(columns) do
		if params[v] then 
			if params[v]~='' then headerText=params[v]  else headerText = firstToUpper(v) end
			row:tag('th'):wikitext(headerText) 
	    end
    end

	-- now deal with the data rows
	local i=0
	while i<10 do
		i=i+1 
		local moreRows = false
		for k,v in pairs(columns) do
			if params[v..i] then moreRows = true end
		end
		if not moreRows then break end
			
		row = exampleTable:tag('tr')
		for k,v in pairs(columns) do
			if params[v] then
				if params[v] then 
					row:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'left'):wikitext(params[v..i]) 
				else
					row:tag('td')
				end
			end
		end
    end

	return tostring(exampleTable)
end
function firstToUpper(str)
    return (str:gsub("^%l", string.upper))
end

-- display a gallery of cladograms using floating div elements

function p.gallery(frame)
	
	local params = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args

    local outerBorders = false
    if params['caption'] or params['footer'] then outerBorders = true end
    
	-- the gallery container
	local gallery = mw.html.create('div'):addClass('clade-gallery'):css('float',params['align'])

	-- main caption for gallery if there is one
	
	if params['main-caption'] then
		gallery:tag('div'):wikitext(params['main-caption']):addClass('main-caption')
	end

	-- a gallery of floating divs with content

    local shading = ''
	--if params['shading'] then shading = 'shading'	end -- class for shading
	if params['shading'] then shading = 'wikitable'	end -- class for shading
	
	local vertical = '' -- defaults to horizontal
	if params['vertical'] then vertical = 'vertical'	end -- class for vertical display
	 
	local sizeStyling = ''
	if params['width'] then sizeStyling = sizeStyling .. 'width:' .. params['width'] .. ';' end
	if params['height'] then sizeStyling = sizeStyling .. 'height:' .. params['height'] .. ';' end

    local noborder = ''
    if 	not params['main-borders'] then noborder = 'no-border' end
    	
    -- the gallery	contents
    local content = gallery:tag('div'):addClass('main-content'):addClass(noborder)
                                      :css('height',params['height'])  
   	local i=0
	while i<15 do
		i=i+1 
		local caption = params['caption'..i] --or ''
		local header = params['header'..i] --or ''
		local footer = params['footer'..i] --or ''
		
		-- for each gallery element containing  a cladogram
        if params['cladogram'..i] then
		    local cladogramTable = content:tag('table')
		                  :addClass(shading):addClass('gallery-element'):addClass(vertical)
		                  :css('width',params['width'])    
		                  :css('height',params['height'])    
            if caption then 
	        	cladogramTable:tag('caption'):wikitext(caption):addClass('caption')
	        end
	        if header then 
	        	local row = cladogramTable:tag('tr'):addClass('header')
	        	row:tag('th'):wikitext(header)
	        end
	        -- if params['cladogram'..i] already checked
	        local row = cladogramTable:tag('tr')
	        row:tag('td'):wikitext(params['cladogram'..i])
	                      :addClass('cladogram')
	                      --:css("padding", "20px")
		                  :css('width',params['cladogram-width'])    
		                  :css('height',params['cladogram-height'])    
	        
	        if footer then
	        	local row = cladogramTable:tag('tr')
	        	row:tag('td'):wikitext(footer):addClass('footer'):addClass(shading)
	        end
		    
		    --[[DIV VERSION - different browsers behave differently
		    -- the div containing each element in the gallery
		    local div = content:tag('div'):addClass('gallery-element'):addClass(direction)
		                  :css('width',params['width'])    
		                  :css('height',params['height'])    
		    
		    -- the caption, header, content and footer for each element
		    if caption then div:tag('div'):wikitext(caption):addClass('caption'):addClass(shading) end
		    
		    if header then div:tag('div'):wikitext(header):addClass('header'):addClass(shading) end
		    
		    div:tag('div'):wikitext(params['cladogram'..i]):addClass('cladogram'):addClass(shading)
		                  :css('width',params['cladogram-width'])    
		                  :css('height',params['cladogram-height'])    
		    
		    if footer then div:tag('div'):wikitext(footer):addClass('footer'):addClass(shading) end
		    END DIV VERSION--]] 
	    else
	       break	
	    end
	end
	
	-- main footer
	if params['main-footer'] then
		gallery:tag('div'):wikitext(params['main-footer']):addClass('main-footer'):addClass(noborder)
	end
	-- TemplateStyles file
	local src = "Template:Clade gallery/styles.css"
    	
	return p.templateStyle( frame, src ) ..  tostring(gallery)
end

-- this must be at end
return p

This module "Clade" is from Wikipedia if otherwise notified