Motor vehicle infrastructure
Motor vehicle infrastructure is all open or enclosed built environment infrastructure (including for public recreational purposes) for cars, trucks, motorcycles and other motorised vehicles purpose-built (or primarily built) either to be accessed for transport or access-only (including controlling motor traffic).[1][2]
Motor vehicles[edit]
The definition of motor vehicle includes primarily road-going motor vehicles developed as motor vehicles either with internal combustion engines or electric automobiles or other large electric road vehicles and generally excludes micromobility such as mobility scooters and electric bicycles.[3]
- road-going rather than tractors etc.
- larger than powered golf-carts, larger than mobility scooters
- developed as motorised vehicles
History[edit]
Roads[edit]
Modern roads were developed for non-motorised traffic for several centuries before the emergence of motorised vehicles. Most extant roads have been newly constructed after the rise of mass motorization and consequent suburbanization.
Motor vehicles[edit]
The first motor vehicles emerged in the late 19th century[4] and became popular in the 20th century when dedicated infrastructure began to be built.[5] The earliest infrastructure would be the modernisation of roads for automobiles followed by traffic lights.[6] Pedestrian crossings constructions were developed to halt motor traffic, and suburban home garages developed shortly after. The 1950s saw a boom in the construction of controlled-access highways. Retail parks emerged largely in the latter half of the 20th century as well as other public recreational infrastructure dedicated to motor vehicles such as safari parks and roadside zoos.
Dedicated infrastructure[edit]
- Automobile repair shop
- Car ferry[7]
- Car wash
- Controlled-access highway[8]
- Diner[9]
- Drive-thru[10]
- Drive-in theater[11][12]
- Filling station[13][14]
- Garage (residential)[15]
- Motel[16]
- Parking lot[17]
- Parking meter
- Pedestrian crossing[19]
- Rest area/Motorway service area[20]
- Retail park[21][22]
- Roadside zoo
- Road surface marking
- Safari park[23]
- RV park
- Taxi rank[24]
- Traffic barrier[25]
- Traffic light
- Truck scale
- Truck stop
Gallery[edit]
-
Controlled-access highway
-
Traffic barrier
-
Diner
-
Drive-thru
-
Drive-in theater
-
Motel
-
Filling station
-
Parking lot
-
Multistorey car park
-
Rest area
References[edit]
- ↑ Delucchi, Mark A. (2000). "Environmental Externalities of Motor-Vehicle Use in the US". Journal of Transport Economics and Policy. 34 (2): 135–168. ISSN 0022-5258. JSTOR 20053837.
- ↑ "Motor vehicles in the environment: principles and practice". Wiley. 1994.
- ↑ "The Automobile Shapes The City by Martin V. Melosi". www.autolife.umd.umich.edu.
- ↑ "Early Cars: Fact Sheet for Children". Smithsonian Institution.
- ↑ Scheiner, Joachim (2012). "A Century of Motorisation in Urban and Rural Contexts: Paths of Motorisation in German Cities". Erdkunde. 66 (4): 313–328. doi:10.3112/erdkunde.2012.04.03. ISSN 0014-0015. JSTOR 41759102.
- ↑ "Who invented traffic lights and where were the first ones situated? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk". www.theguardian.com.
- ↑ "Gourock-Dunoon ferry route to be passenger only". BBC News. 25 May 2011.
- ↑ Hall, Tarquin (17 January 2015). "Are India's superhighway plans on the road to nowhere?". The Guardian.
- ↑ https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1279&context=senproj_s2020. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Kelso, Alicia. "Cava Is Reimagining The Drive-Thru Experience, With Help From Data Scientists". Forbes.
- ↑ "How the American Drive-In Staged a Comeback". Bloomberg.com. 4 September 2020.
- ↑ Turner, Sarah. "In Europe, The Drive-In Festival Concept Gathers Speed". Forbes.
- ↑ Sharman, Andy (25 August 2015). "UK ponders filling stations of the future". www.ft.com.
- ↑ "Electric cars and charging points: petrol stations will be replaced — but by what?". 4 February 2020.
- ↑ "The Automobile Shapes The City: Suburban Communities". www.autolife.umd.umich.edu.
- ↑ "Automobile and the Environment in American History: The Automobile's Imprint on the Landscape". www.autolife.umd.umich.edu.
- ↑ Kimmelman, Michael (6 January 2012). "Paved, but Still Alive". The New York Times.
- ↑ Berg, Nate (27 September 2016). "Lots to lose: how cities around the world are eliminating car parks". The Guardian.
- ↑ Schultz, Courtney L.; Sayers, Stephen P.; Wilhelm Stanis, Sonja A.; Thombs, Lori A.; Thomas, Ian M.; Canfield, Shannon M. (October 2015). "The Impact of a Signalized Crosswalk on Traffic Speed and Street-Crossing Behaviors of Residents in an Underserved Neighborhood". Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 92 (5): 910–922. doi:10.1007/s11524-015-9979-7. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 4608941. PMID 26354602.
- ↑ Division, Infrastructure. "Rest Areas". dit.sa.gov.au.
- ↑ Pepinster, Catherine (24 June 2020). "Has coronavirus sent the out-of-town shopping centre packing? | Catherine Pepinster". The Guardian.
- ↑ "Retail parks deal is vote of confidence".
- ↑ "The wild, empty safari destination you must visit before the crowds arrive". The Telegraph. 2 December 2019.
- ↑ "TAXI RANK ARRANGEMENTS AT PADDINGTON STATION - Early Day Motions". edm.parliament.uk.
- ↑ Rezapour, Mahdi; Wulff, Shaun S.; Ksaibati, Khaled (September 2019). "Examination of the severity of two-lane highway traffic barrier crashes using the mixed logit model". Journal of Safety Research. 70: 223–232. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2019.07.010. ISSN 1879-1247. PMID 31847999.
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