Muometric Technology
Muometric Technology
Muometric technology is a group of positioning, navigation and timing techniques using cosmic-ray muons and other related fast-moving subatomic particles.[1]
Overview
Muometric technology includes the muometric positioning system (muPS)[2], the muometric wireless navigation system (MuWNS)[3] or muPS Wireless Navigation System (muWNS)[1], cosmic time synchronizer (CTS)[4] and cosmic time calibrator (CTC). [5] It is possible to determine locations with GPS satellites with well-known positions and time. GNSS is often used by critically important governmental organizations such as by military for guiding ships and planes, but the signals can be easily jammed and spoofed. [6] In 2020 Hiroyuki K.M. Tanaka created an entirely new approach from GNSS that locates the receiver's position with cosmic-ray muons.[7][8]
The muometric positioning and navigation technique is based on the time-of-flight of relativistic cosmic-ray muons between reference detectors and the receiver detector indoor/underground/underwater. [9] Instead of receiving a GPS signal, they detect cosmic rays. Three or more reference detectors are deployed with known positions and time-references. [10] Like GNSS, clocks between the reference receivers and the receiver must be well-synchronized.[1] Unlike GNSS, this technology enables navigation in Arctic areas[11] where satellite access is limited due to orbital constraints of GNSS satellites.[6] The initial design required wiring between the receiver and each reference detector for precise time synchronization. This configuration severely restricted the range and usefulness of the system. [8] Efforts to find a way to navigate without wires, growing out of the success of the system, replaced wires with a clock. This widened the range of applicability of the system. muWNS is expected to be applied to search and rescue teams, for example, to guide robots underwater and underground [12] positioning inside tunnels, [13] a building or mine collapse.[14] The indoor muometric positioning accuracy is 3.9 cm as of 2023.[15]
Timing
Precise timekeeping generally requires GNSS and atomic clock systems, but these are expensive and unavailable in indoor/underground/ underwater areas.[16] Also, GNSS is vulnerable to cyber-attack and disruption.[17] A method using cosmic particles was proposed to precisely track time to solve this problem.[16] Cosmic rays collide in the atmosphere, generating particle showers.[18] The muons in these showers travel close to the speed of light and spread out as they travel. They arrive at almost the same time, so by sharing the information provided by these muons, clocks can be synchronized.[19] A recent experiment showed its synchronization capabilities at a precision of tens of nanoseconds over a distance of 60 m in an indoor environment.[20]
Random timestamps generated in this cosmic time synchronizing scheme can be used in turn for generating random numbers for secure data transfer.[21] The sender and receiver use the same muons to create keys from the timestamp. Based on the precise time delay between the sender and the receiver calculated from the distance between the detectors, the receiver knows the key without having to directly exchange it between the sender and the receiver.[21]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 By (2023-06-20). "Cosmic Ray Navigation". Hackaday. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ "Suomalaiset mukana kehittämässä uutta vedenalaista paikannusjärjestelmää | Oulun yliopisto". www.sttinfo.fi (in suomi). Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Svitlyk, Yuri. "All about the new MuWNS navigation system: Works underground and underwater".
- ↑ McRae, Mike (2022-05-14). "This Cosmic Timekeeping Method Proposes to Synchronize All Clocks on Earth". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Tanaka, Hiroyuki K.M. (2023-01-04). "Cosmic Time Calibrator for Wireless Sensor Network". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 5951. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2420301/v1. PMC 10097806 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 37045902 Check|pmid=value (help). Retrieved 2023-10-03. - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Saballa, Joe (2021-11-25). "US Navy Developing Satellite-Independent Navigation System". The Defense Post. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ "What is a muometric positioning system (muPS) for underwater and underground applications?". www.linkedin.com. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Positioning system uses cosmic muons to navigate underground". Physics World. 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Brahambhatt, Rupendra (2023-06-20). "GPS-like tech based on cosmic ray particles can navigate underground and underwater". ZME Science. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ "How can cosmic ray muons be used to replace GPS for positioning information in 3D on Earth and underwater?". Space Exploration Stack Exchange. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Hambling, David. "US Navy is developing GPS that uses cosmic rays to navigate the Arctic". New Scientist. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Ouellette, Jennifer (2023-06-17). "Scientists conduct first test of a wireless cosmic ray navigation system". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Reisch, Felipe (Nov 23, 2021). "How Science Is Finding Ways To Navigate In GPS-Denied Environments". Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- ↑ Tribune, The National (2023-06-15). "Navigating underground with cosmic-ray muons". The National Tribune. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Varga, Dezso; Tanaka, Hiroyuki (2023). "Developments of a centimeter-level precise muometric wireless navigation system (MuWNS-V) and its first demonstration using directional information from tracking detectors". arXiv:2308.10108v1 [physics.ins-det].
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Cosmic timekeeping tech works underground or underwater". New Atlas. 2022-05-10. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Johnston, Scott Alan (2022-05-15). "Cosmic Rays can Help Keep the World's Clocks in Sync". Universe Today. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Alaieva, Liliia (2022-05-16). "Scientists have invented a new way to keep the clocks". Журнал The Universemagazine Space Tech. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ Tribune, The National (2022-05-09). "Keeping time with cosmos". The National Tribune. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ "CTS | English". fraternise.inrim.it. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Cosmic-ray muons used to create cryptography system". Physics World. 2023-01-16. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
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