Museum of Jordanian Heritage

Museum of Jordanian Heritage

Established	1988 (1988)
Location	Jordan, Yarmouk University
Owner	Yarmouk University

The Museum of Jordanian Heritage is part of the Faculty of Archeology and Anthropology at Yarmouk University. It was inaugurated in 1988. The museum offers many activities for the local community, students, researchers and visitors, including exhibitionism, lectures and visits. The museum also complements what archaeologists and anthropologists do. The inscriptions from works help explain the history of Jordan.

The museum also shows the stages of civilization development that Jordan witnessed during successive periods of time, focusing on cultural relations, contacts, population distribution, economic life, and various aspects of civilization.

The main hall includes displays illustrating features of social history from ancient times, beginning with hunting and gathering societies and then communities of agricultural villages following societies of city-states and societies of shepherds and early nomadic Hence the relationship of east and west since the fourth century BC until the middle of the seventh century AD and then Jordan as part of the Islamic world, in addition to a reenactment of some traditional crafts and the country house.

Sections of the museum

Stages of food collection and early stages of production

The human history in Jordan as studies covers more than a million and a half years. During this long era, man relied on hunting and gathering plants. The tools of the Paleolithic period, that were discovered, were varied and made of local stones, such as basalt and flint from about 1700 to 8000 BC. Humans learned to exploit food sources and to specialize in hunting animals.

Collecting grass seeds became a major source of livelihood. The presence of stone pistons and flint blades is evidence of the increasing importance of plant seeds. Humans began to tend to live in larger groups while more organized semi-permanent housing sites appeared in the form of small huts. The transition from food collection to food production was gradual. The transition to food production has had clear impacts on sedentary lives. Large agricultural villages have been established around the valleys and water sources, for example Jericho Ayn Ghazal, Bayda, and Basta. The houses evolved from isolated round rooms into rectangular and connected ones.

Around 6000 BC, agricultural villages began to appear in the highland regions and the Jordan Valley. Its residents converted to pottery as a basic material for household uses. Agricultural production achieved an advanced level until it became the main source of food in the fifth millennium BC. A large number of villages flourished during this period, such as Tilayat al-Ghsoul, Abu Thawab and Sahab.

The development of states and cities 3200 - 400 BC

Jordan and parts of the Levant witnessed three phases of urbanization. Crowded villages developed at the beginning of the third millennium B.C. to fortified cities such as Java, Bab adh-Dhra`, and Zariqun. In the second millennium BC, the stages of urbanization were marked by an increasing Egyptian inspiration until the entire region became under Egyptian influence. Among the important centers in the second millennium BC were Sahab, Irbid, Deir Alla, Amman, Tal al-Hayat and Tabqa Fahl The industries underwent important and rapid transformations, including the progress in mining at the end of the fourth millennium BC, which led to the mixing of copper with tin to produce bronze with greater hardness.

The establishment of the kingdoms of the Ammon, Moab, and Edomites in Jordan and other Aramaic kingdoms in all countries of the Levant led to undergoing a radical transformation in the economic system at the end of the second millennium BC. Major settlements followed it from Amman, Dhiban Al-Karak, and Busra as their capitals. Among the features of these kingdoms were traded, mining, and pastoral life which helped them to get control of southern Jordan and Palestine.

References

Category:Museums in Jordan Category:Yarmouk University

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