Najmuddin Hotso
| Najm al-Din Hotso | |
|---|---|
| Imam of Dagestan | |
| Born | 1859 Hotso, Dagestan, Russian Empire |
| Died | September 28, 1925 (aged 66) Rostov-on-Don, RSFSR, USSR |
| Religion | Muslim, Sufi |
Najmuddin Hotso (Russian: Нажмудин Гоцинский, also referred to as Najm al-Din of Hotso or Najmuddin Gotsinskii)(1859 – 28 September 1925), was an Avar political and religious leader of Muslims in Dagestan in the years 1917–21.
Early life[edit]
Najmuddin was born in 1859 in the village of Hotso in the Avar district of Dagestan. His father, Donogo Muhammad, had been a naib of Imam Shamil in the Caucasus War, but switched to the Russian side and was made an officer and awarded lands. After the death of his father and brother, Najmuddin received a large inheritance: including approximately 10 000 sheep.[2]
War against Russia[edit]
In the wake of the Russian Revolution, In May 1917, at the 1st Congress of the mountain peoples, which was held in Vladikavkaz, Najmuddin was elected mufti of the North Caucasus, and joined the Central Committee formed the Union of United Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, Gorsky government.[3] After being eleted mufti, Najmuddin addressed the peoples of the North Caucasus, urged them to unite and declare war against the communists, and promised to punish the violators of sharia.[4] At the 2nd Congress of the mountain peoples, which occurred on August 1917 in the Dagestan village of Andi, Najmuddin was proclaimed Imam of the North Caucasus. During this period, Najmuddin was at its peak of his strength. His troops numbered about 10,000 people. Najmuddin enjoyed the support of Denikin's White forces and the Ottoman Empire. It should be noted that the Soviet authorities, acting in that period in the Republic of Dagestan, did not recognized Najmuddin as Imam, calling him "an impostor".[6]
In January 1918 Najmuddi`s forces occupied the then capital of Dagestan, Temir-Khan-Shura. In March 1918, Najmuddin's troops captured the city of Port Petrovsk (now Makhachkala), overthrowing the Soviet regime.[8] However, in April 1918 Najmuddin was forced to leave Port Petrovsk, and retreat to the mountainous regions of Dagestan. In September 1920 in the mountainous regions of Dagestan, Najmuddin launched an anti-Soviet uprising that was crushed by May 1921.
Capture and Death[edit]
After the suppression of the rebellion, Najmuddin fled to Chechnya. From 1921, until his arrest, he spent most of his time in Chechnya and Dagestan's Khasavyurtovsky District. On 20 November 1923 in the village of Kahib in Gunibsky District a so-called congress of the mountain tribes of Dagestan was held, which was attended by several hundred delegates, including sheikhs and qadis. This congress adopted a resolution which announced support for the Soviets and declared Gotsinsky an enemy of Muslims.[9] At the same time, the OGPU, together with units of the Red Army began to tighten the ring around Najmuddin and his forces. On 5 September a group of security officers arrested Najmuddin and several of his associates.
On 28 September 1925, in Rostov on Don Najmuddin was executed by order of the OGPU representative in the North Caucasus region.
[ edit ]Notes
↑ http://rostov.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/15740/ ↑ Journal Ahulgo 1999. Number 3., C 5 ↑ Resolution of Congress Highlanders ↑ Message mufti out Gotsinsky ↑ Gazavat.ru :: History of art open- ↑ Letter to the need to fight against N.Gotsinskogo ↑ Mahmoud Gadzhiev.Kazanische.Stranitsy istorii.OOO "Izd.dom" Epoch " ↑ The Caucasian Knot ↑ On the relations between the Soviets and the Muslims ↑ 1 2 Nazhmutdin Gotsinsky. Hadji Murad Donogo »CHECHEN.ORG ↑ "Revolution and Counterrevolution in Dagestan." Makhachkala, 1927, pp. 26-29 ↑ Journal of "Homeland": The last imam
See also[edit]
- Caucasian Imamate, 1828–1859
- Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, 1917–1920
- North Caucasian Emirate, 1919-1920
- Caucasus Emirate, 2007–present
References[edit]
- The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad. Schaefer, Robert W., 2010. ISBN 031338634X Search this book on
. - The Lone Wolf And the Bear: Three Centuries of Chechen Defiance of Russian Rule. Gammer, Moshe 2006. ISBN 0-822-95898-8 Search this book on .
External links[edit]
- Статьи Нажмутдин Гоцинский. Хаджи-Мурад Доного (in Russian)
- Гоцинский Нажмутдин (in Russian)
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