📜 Post with us on Reddit
📝 Create a new article
🏭 Create a company page
🇬🇧 - in English
🇫🇷 - en Français (FR)
🇵🇹 - em Português (PT)
🇩🇪 - auf Deutsch (DE)
🇯🇵 - 日本語で (JA)
Sponsored articles

You can edit almost every page by Creating an account and confirming your email.

Nanozyme therapy

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki




This article provides information on how nanoparticles an nanozymes could be helpful in preventing dental plaque build-up.

Nanozyme Therapy Preventing Detrimental Dental Plaque Build-up

Iron deficiency anemia contributing to tooth decay and dental plaque

The buildup of dental plaque or as famously known, dental caries, is considered one of the most menacing and prevalent infections that humans around the globe suffer from. This disease actually originates from the bacteria that invades dental plaques (Al-Shalan & Al-Askar, 2006). There are certain types of bacteria known as streptococcus mutants that play a key role in such an infection. These kinds of bacteria have the ability to break sugar molecules down along with other carbohydrates in foods and drinks and later transform to become lactic acid and other acidic organics (Matsuumoto-Nakano & Kuramitsu, 2006). Adding to this, certain enzymes of these mutants like Glycosyltransferase (GTF) have a great potential approaching near the tooth surface and biofilm formation, and this consequently results in tooth plaque buildup (Talebi et al., 2012). However, such occurrences could be prevented through a supplemental intake of sugary foods, mainly those rich in iron (Eshgi et al., 2012). In numerous studies, it has been found out that iron deficiency is a major contributing to dental plaque buildup. It has been widely agreed on that iron deficiency is the most prevalent form of malnutrition, mainly in developing countries, and that such a situation could be eradicated by using iron supplements (Al-Fouzan et al., 2012; Rolim et al., 2012). On the other hands, there are many countries which suffer a persistent iron deficiency anemia, and this is evident ins high prevalent of dental plaque buildup. However, this issue is regarded as highly controversial (Torris Galvis et al., 2012). In scientific terms, iron has the potential to inhibit the S. mutants’ growth by lowering the acido-genicity of these mutants and intervening in the process of metabolite sucrose (Ribeiro et al., 2012). Through such a process, iron suppresses all the activities of glycoprotein transferase enzyme that are produced by the bacteria. This significant role of iron sufficiency proves the grave consequences in case of insufficiency, mainly in relation to dental caries.

According to several studies in this regard, there is a growing body of evidence that highlights the deep correlation between iron-deficiency anemia and dental decay (Koo, 2021). Koo (2021), a professor in the Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Community Oral Health and Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, argues that poor dietary habits and living in impoverished environments could have severe and underlying medical conditions on dental health. In a study published in Nano Letters, it has been found that iron-composed therapies have significantly decreased the concentration of harmful dental plaque and had directly targeted the impact of bacteria that led to such a condition.

Mechanisms of nanoparticles or nanozymes

The Lancet published several articles in 2019 addressing a multiple of topics, mainly oral health, dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer. There are nearly 3.5 billion globally suffering from problems in their oral health and dental concerns (The Lancet, 2019). There have been different developments in stomatology along with extensive progress in biomaterials in order to address, diagnose, and treat oral diseases and dental caries (Bapat et al., 2019). Nevertheless, old dental materials including silver amalgam have not yet achieved important progress due to certain limitations which could result in adverse complications and treatment failure (Ferracane & Giannobile, 2014). Shedding more light on nanomaterials is highly recommended in the recent days as it provides an array of solutions to deal with oral health infections and better improve oral functioning (Bapat et al., 2020). Different kinds of enzymes like proteolytic and amylase enzymes along with antibacterial, immunity boosters, and anti-inflammatory functions have been implemented and utilized for oral research in order to treat dental caries and dental plaque build- up (Daly et al., 2020; Niazi et al., 2015). Notably, it cannot be denied the fact that natural enzymes have their prevalent disadvantages such as weak stability in severe environmental conditions, mainly those with high heat levels and extreme PH (Huang et al., 2019). Adding to that, the implementation of such materials is considered of a high cost, very time-consuming, and difficult to store for a long interval (Liang & Yan, 2019). In order to overcome such barriers in the implementation of natural enzymes and benefit from their potentials, Yan and Gao (2007-2019) discovered that Fe304 nanoparticles have intrinsic horseradish peroxidase-like activity. Such an approach paved the way for comprehending how nanomaterials and artificial enzymes function and be effective in the treatment of dental plaques (Gao et al., 2007). With the integration of several effortful woks, scientists have examined the role of nanozymes and multiple nano-catalytic substances in the biomedical field, and the result was developing nano-catalytic medicine (Yang et al., 2019; Wei & Wang, 2013).

In fact, nanozymes are characterized by having the potential of nanomaterials including florescence, photo-thermal impact, and infrared imaging (Zhang et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2017; Dai et al., 2017). Furthermore, nanozymes have effective biological effects like being antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bio-sensual (Zhao et al., 2017; Cai et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2016; Ozdemir et al., 2018; Yao et al., 2018; Ge et al., 2017). Many recent scholars have benefitted from nanozymes in order to treat certain kinds of tumors (Fan et al., 2018; Cai et al., 2017). This is how they proved that nanozymes have a great ability in eradicating bacteria, identifying diseases, and regenerating some tissues (Ye et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2020; Liang et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2020; Naganuma & Traversa, 2014; Cimini et al., 2012).

Utilizing nanoparticles which includes Fe304 can be advantageous in transforming hydrogen peroxide into free radicals within particular acidic conditions. This process results in degrading biofilm extracellular polymeric substance and kills bacteria, which eventually results in preventing dental plaque build-up (Ye et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2020; Liang et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2020; Naganuma & Traversa, 2014; Cimini et al., 2012). A growing body of oral research and integration of nanozymes is regarded nowadays as a new branch of nano-catalytic medicine. Various reviews on nanozymes have achieved insightful progress by relating them to dentistry. However, there is no promising progress in research about the role of nanozymes in completely facilitating dental health and prevention of dental plaque build-up (Zhang et al., 2019). Thus, applying nanozymes and deciphering their mechanisms in dentistry is further needed to be dealt with and researched on, especially in their potentials of being antibacterial, regenerating, and monitoring of oral health. This should not be cast aside when it comes to recognizing the challenges that govern the application of nanozymes in oral treatment.

The prevalent infections in oral bacterial diseases are still regarded as key health problems around the world (Watt et al., 2019). In relation to dental plaque build-up and dental caries, the most widely-common oral infectious diseases, they are initiated by bacteria embedded in dental plaque biofilm, and this leads to troubles in the dental composition. Such an infection attacks around 2.4 billion people around the globe (Flemming et al., 2016; Koo et al., 2017). Hence, the development of oral biofilms represents the hostage of different diseases that are very perilous to oral health and can result in systematic diseases like atherosclerosis (Schenkein et al., 2020). The recently developed mainstream treatment are known for a variety of concerns. For instance, antibiotics could result in serious drug resistance (Schrader et al., 2020). However, several researchers have extensively worked on developing a new, efficient, and stable oral antibacterial agent that relies on nanozymes (Schrader et al., 2020).

The importance of applying nanozymes lies in taking a significant part in oral antibacterial therapy. However, the active mechanisms of nanozymes have not been fully developed and understood. Nonetheless, the process of nanozymes application is illustrated through some phases. First, the nanozymes are retained in the structure of the biofilm of the three-dimensional dental plaque after local exposure for a short period of time. Second, H2O2 transforms at a very fast rate into free radicals by the acidic process in order to be degraded and kill bacteria (Liu et al., 2018; Gu et al., 2020). During such a process, there are three important roles that nanozymes undergo, and they include staying in the plaque biofilm and sustaining its activity as a necessary approach for efficient bioavailability, being stable in the physiological conditions yet being activated under particular acidic pathogenic microenvironments generated by plaque biofilms, and reducing the adverse implications on health issues triggered by high levels of H2O2, the common antibacterial applicant (Yao, 2018; Yin et al., 2016). In this process, in specific, peroxidase-like nanozymes have the potential to transform H2O2 into free radicals that are able to exert effective antibacterial impact, thus reducing the build-up of h2O2 in antibacterial applications and enhancing biological safety in relation to oral health (Yao, 2018; Yin et al., 2016).

In the progressive attempts to treat dental plaques and caries, dental plaque biofilm is commonly addressed as a bacterial community which is embedded in the EPS and creates a locally safe microenvironment for bacteria (Hwang et al., 2017). The acidic biofilm demineralizes the enamel apatite of the teeth, and this results in dental plaque formation (Bowen et al., 2018). In fact, the current antimicrobial agents do not the ability of destroying the EPS, so they cannot kill the microorganisms in the dental plaque biofilm and avoid targeting the protective matrix there (Chatzigiannidou et al., 2020). Back in 2016, some scientists issued a report that tackled how Fe2304 nanozymes can control plaque biofilms and prevent dental plaque build-up. Further studies have also examined the role of Fe304 nanoparticles in having peroxidase-like activities which can catalyze H2O2 into free radicals. While being applied daily for treatment, the mixture of Fe304 nanozymes and H2O2 has the potential of reducing the severity of dental plaque formation and even goes beyond this by stopping them from forming (Gao et al., 2016).

As a result of the previous notions on the mechanisms of nanozymes and their advantages, it should be noted that ferumoxytol nanoparticles have been previously used for treating iron deficiency, mainly in children. Koo's investigations have shown that these nanoparticles have a key role in destroying dental plaque biofilm and preventing dental caries due to their inherent peroxidase quality (Liu et al., 2018). Moreover, Ferumoxytol nanoparticles are able to bind into biofilm and active the activity of H2O2, which leads to the death of the accumulated bacteria after the process of effective degradation of EPS and the destruction of the cell membrane (Liu et al., 2018). The group finally concluded that when H2O2 is present in low concentrations, ferumoxytol prevents the formation of biofilm and inhibits the destruction of mineralized tissue in natural tooth (Liu et al., 2018). This catalytic ability of nanoparticles is significant in its disruption of biofilm formation. However, it lacks a stabilizing quality needed for clinical applications. According to Koo and Naha (2019), iron oxide nanoparticles have shown a high peroxidase-like activity, especially when being able to target biofilms and prevent the build-up of dental caries and plaques (Naha et al., 2019).

Subsequently, introducing a new biological strategy for the purpose of mitigating the negative influences of H2O2 has been witnessed. By using Fe304 nanozymes, Streptococcus Gordonii have been applied in order to produce H2O2 for the purpose of eliminating all the bacteria embedded in the biofilm; thus, preventing dental plaque and caries build-up (Wang et al., 2020). The results have also shown that the coexistence of nanozymes and S. Gordonii is very necessary for the reduction of cariogenic bacteria and EPS (Wang et al., 2020). Furthermore, by adding glucose oxidases (GOX), the glucose residing in the biofilm could be transformed into H2O2 in the plaque biofilm, therefore reducing good source of S. mutants (Huang et al., 2020). The results of Koo's team have also shown that the impact of this process is highly significant, mainly in targeting mutants more accurately and ultimately preventing dental plaque build-up (Huang et al., 2020).

Lastly, nanozymes mechanisms could also be applied to treat dental pulp diseases. Such infections are mediated by the bacteria invading dental pulp tissues, and this leads to the inflammation of the dental pulp and to degeneration and necrosis (Cope et al., 2018). While treating such a disease, therapy based on root canal has proved to be very effective as it plays a key role in alleviating pain and retaining teeth (Lee et al., 2015). However, studies have shown that such diseases cannot easily treated and that nanozymes have a great ability in preventing the infection of root canal biofilms (Siddiqui et al., 2019). The approach of Koo's study has emphasized how new bacterial nanomaterials could improve the antibacterial activity, mainly on the surface of dentinal tubules. They showed that Fe304 nanozymes could bind into the surface of these infected tubules, and with the triggered activation of H2O2, plaque biofilms are eliminated on the root canal surface and dentinal tubules (Bukhari et al., 2018). In more specific examination, Koo's team worked extensively on designing a catalytic anti-bacterial robot that can precisely and efficiently remove all biofilms and kill the accumulated bacteria. Throughout their experiments, these robots that were equipped with catalytic iron oxide nanoparticles were able to produce free radicals, had the potential to decompose EPS, and could remove fragments in plaque biofilms (Huang et al., 2020). The developed robots were also able to remove biofilm clogs in complex antibacterial tubules while killing bacteria (Koo, 2020). Such a study has demonstrated the mechanisms of applying nanoparticles and nanozymes in order to eliminate biofilms and kill bacteria for the purpose of reducing dental contamination evidently shown as plaque build-up (Hwang et al., 2019).

Nano-catalytic medicine and antibacterial nanozymes facilitating dental health

Nano-catalytic medicine along with antibacterial nanozymes is very beneficial nowadays in improving the quality of dental health. Bacterial infections have always persisted in posing threats to human health and safety. They are globally growing, but most of the widely recognized and accepted treatments are limited to the use of antibiotics (Chen et al., 2018). During the recent years, newly emerging infectious diseases and bacterial resistance mechanisms have resulted in the development of antibiotics, which is regarded as a serious jeopardy to general public health (Fang et al., 2018; Yin et al., 2016). In order to decrease drug consumption, scientists have meticulously worked on developing strain-selective bactericidal strategies (Niu et al., 2018). In fact, the antibacterial activity of nanozymes is very crucial for the development of new antibacterial agents. Such mechanisms rely on peroxidase and oxidase activities which have the ability to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 into OH in order to regulate ROS. The production of OH paves the way for the transformation of H2O2 which enhances antibacterial performance and makes it easier to avoid the generated toxicity of H2O2 in disinfecting wounds (Niu et al., 2018). Thus, nano-catalytic processes are highly effective in preventing tooth decay and in generating mechanisms which inhibit bacteria inflammation and accumulation.

Moreover, nanoparticles have shown a great synthesizing ability. According to Wang et al. (2020), synthesized catalysts and nanoparticles can effectively help reach sterilization within a very low concentration of H2O2 (Cai et al., 2017). It has also been found that Pt hollow nano-dendrties have the ability to exert impressive peroxidase-like activity because of the maximized effectiveness of the Pt atoms and the prevalence of high-index facets on the surface (Ge et al., 2018). In comparison to natural organic substances, iron peroxides have shown high effectiveness in dealing with bacterial activity, mainly in dental regions. Nanoparticles used as medical treatment have the potential to kill bacteria by releasing hydrogen molecules. They can efficiently possess peroxidase and catalyze activities, decomposing hydrogen peroxide. Such enzymes are catalytic in nature and can be accelerated to improve the bactericidal impact (Wang et al., 2020). Nano-catalytic treatments also prevent the production of Gram-positive bacteria like S. mutants and their drug-resistant strains (Wang et al., 2020). Such a treatment has the potential to destroy all the plaques on human teeth membrane and accelerate the process of healing of infected wounds (Wang et al., 2020).

By nature, nanozymes are highly advantageous in being widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. Applying nanozymes in treatment could help also diagnose cancer in mouth tissues, metabolic diseases, and other infections. All of this depends on the level of peroxidase activity, catalase and oxidase activity. As for treating infections, nanozymes and nano-catalytics are highly effective in combating anti=oxidation and anti-bacterial infections. This new generation of artificial enzyme mimics has proved to be very strong in terms of stability, designability, and functionality. They have the ability to substitute natural enzymes if properly applied in the medical field (Wang et al., 2020). However, there are some important issues that should be taken into consideration, and these include understanding the enzymatic activity of nanozymes and nano-catalytic, effectively utilizing these particles in diseases diagnosis and illness treatment, mainly in the early stages, and comprehending the toxicity of these materials in a way does not limit their application in biomedicine.

References

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]


This article "Nanozyme therapy" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Nanozyme therapy. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

  1. ↑ Al-Shalan, Thakib A. (October 2009). "In vitro cariostatic effects of various iron supplements on the initiation of dental caries". The Saudi Dental Journal. 21 (3): 117–122. doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2009.05.001. ISSN 1013-9052. PMC 3723110. PMID 23960469.
  2. ↑ Al-Fouzan, Khalid; Al-Garawi, Ziad; Al-Hezaimi, Khalid; Javed, Fawad; Al-Shalan, Thakib; Rotstein, Ilan (December 2012). "Effect of acid etching on marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate to apical dentin: microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy analysis". International Journal of Oral Science. 4 (4): 202–207. doi:10.1038/ijos.2012.77. ISSN 1674-2818. PMC 3633066. PMID 23306857.
  3. ↑ Bapat, Ranjeet A.; Joshi, Chaitanya P.; Bapat, Prachi; Chaubal, Tanay V.; Pandurangappa, Rohit; Jnanendrappa, Naveen; Gorain, Bapi; Khurana, Sukant; Kesharwani, Prashant (January 2019). "The use of nanoparticles as biomaterials in dentistry". Drug Discovery Today. 24 (1): 85–98. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.08.012. ISSN 1359-6446. PMID 30176358. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Bowen, William H.; Burne, Robert A.; Wu, Hui; Koo, Hyun (March 2018). "Oral Biofilms: Pathogens, Matrix, and Polymicrobial Interactions in Microenvironments". Trends in Microbiology. 26 (3): 229–242. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.008. ISSN 0966-842X. PMC 5834367. PMID 29097091.
  5. ↑ Bukhari, Sarah; Kim, Dongyeop; Liu, Yuan; Karabucak, Bekir; Koo, Hyun (May 2018). "Novel Endodontic Disinfection Approach Using Catalytic Nanoparticles". Journal of Endodontics. 44 (5): 806–812. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2017.12.003. ISSN 0099-2399. PMC 6190715. PMID 29426645.
  6. ↑ Pan, Yongxin; Cao, Changqian; He, Xiaoqing; Yang, Caiyun; Tian, Lanxiang; Zhu, Rixiang; Cai, Yao (April 2015). "Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and staining of cancer cells using ferrimagnetic H-ferritin nanoparticles with increasing core size". International Journal of Nanomedicine. 10: 2619–2634. doi:10.2147/ijn.s80025. ISSN 1178-2013. PMC 4388082. PMID 25878496.
  7. ↑ Cimini, Annamaria; D’Angelo, Barbara; Das, Soumen; Gentile, Roberta; Benedetti, Elisabetta; Singh, Virendra; Monaco, Antonina Maria; Santucci, Sandro; Seal, Sudipta (July 2012). "Antibody-conjugated PEGylated cerium oxide nanoparticles for specific targeting of Aβ aggregates modulate neuronal survival pathways". Acta Biomaterialia. 8 (6): 2056–2067. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.035. ISSN 1742-7061. PMID 22343002.
  8. ↑ Dai, Xiaomei; Zhao, Yu; Yu, Yunjian; Chen, Xuelei; Wei, Xiaosong; Zhang, Xinge; Li, Chaoxing (2017-09-01). "Single Continuous Near-Infrared Laser-Triggered Photodynamic and Photothermal Ablation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Using Effective Targeted Copper Sulfide Nanoclusters". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 9 (36): 30470–30479. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b09638. ISSN 1944-8244. PMID 28832120.
  9. ↑ Bapat, Ranjeet A.; Chaubal, Tanay V.; Dharmadhikari, Suyog; Abdulla, Anshad Mohamed; Bapat, Prachi; Alexander, Amit; Dubey, Sunil K.; Kesharwani, Prashant (August 2020). "Recent advances of gold nanoparticles as biomaterial in dentistry". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 586: 119596. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119596. ISSN 0378-5173. PMID 32622805 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Daly, Sinéad; Seong, Joon; Newcombe, Robert; Davies, Maria; Nicholson, Julie; Edwards, Mark; West, Nicola (January 2019). "A randomised clinical trial to determine the effect of a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins on gum health over 3 months". Journal of Dentistry. 80: S26–S32. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.002. ISSN 0300-5712. PMID 30696552. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Sweeney, Edward A.; Shaw, J.H. (September 1965). "The Effect of Dietary Pancreatin Supplements on Dental Caries and on the Composition of Saliva in Caries-susceptible Rats". Journal of Dental Research. 44 (5): 973–976. doi:10.1177/00220345650440053701. ISSN 0022-0345. PMID 5213029. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Fan, Kelong; Xi, Juqun; Fan, Lei; Wang, Peixia; Zhu, Chunhua; Tang, Yan; Xu, Xiangdong; Liang, Minmin; Jiang, Bing; Yan, Xiyun; Gao, Lizeng (2018-04-12). "In vivo guiding nitrogen-doped carbon nanozyme for tumor catalytic therapy". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 1440. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.1440F. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03903-8. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5897348. PMID 29650959.
  13. ↑ Ferracane, J.L.; Giannobile, W.V. (2014-11-19). "Novel Biomaterials and Technologies for the Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Structures". Journal of Dental Research. 93 (12): 1185–1186. doi:10.1177/0022034514556537. ISSN 0022-0345. PMC 4462809. PMID 25410662.
  14. ↑ Flemming, Hans-Curt; Wingender, Jost; Szewzyk, Ulrich; Steinberg, Peter; Rice, Scott A.; Kjelleberg, Staffan (2016-08-11). "Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 14 (9): 563–575. doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94. ISSN 1740-1526. PMID 27510863. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ Gao, Lizeng; Zhuang, Jie; Nie, Leng; Zhang, Jinbin; Zhang, Yu; Gu, Ning; Wang, Taihong; Feng, Jing; Yang, Dongling; Perrett, Sarah; Yan, Xiyun (2007-08-26). "Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles". Nature Nanotechnology. 2 (9): 577–583. Bibcode:2007NatNa...2..577G. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.260. ISSN 1748-3387. PMID 18654371.
  16. ↑ Gao, Lizeng; Liu, Yuan; Kim, Dongyeop; Li, Yong; Hwang, Geelsu; Naha, Pratap C.; Cormode, David P.; Koo, Hyun (September 2016). "Nanocatalysts promote Streptococcus mutans biofilm matrix degradation and enhance bacterial killing to suppress dental caries in vivo". Biomaterials. 101: 272–284. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.051. ISSN 0142-9612.
  17. ↑ Huang, Yanyan; Ren, Jinsong; Qu, Xiaogang (2019-02-25). "Nanozymes: Classification, Catalytic Mechanisms, Activity Regulation, and Applications". Chemical Reviews. 119 (6): 4357–4412. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00672. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 30801188. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Hwang, Geelsu; Koltisko, Bernard; Jin, Xiaoming; Koo, Hyun (2017-10-25). "Nonleachable Imidazolium-Incorporated Composite for Disruption of Bacterial Clustering, Exopolysaccharide-Matrix Assembly, and Enhanced Biofilm Removal". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 9 (44): 38270–38280. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b11558. ISSN 1944-8244. PMID 29020439.
  19. ↑ Liang, Hao; Lin, Feifei; Zhang, Zijie; Liu, Biwu; Jiang, Shuhui; Yuan, Qipeng; Liu, Juewen (2017-01-05). "Multicopper Laccase Mimicking Nanozymes with Nucleotides as Ligands". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 9 (2): 1352–1360. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b15124. hdl:10012/11781. ISSN 1944-8244. PMID 28004568.
  20. ↑ Liu, Yuan; Naha, Pratap C.; Hwang, Geelsu; Kim, Dongyeop; Huang, Yue; Simon-Soro, Aurea; Jung, Hoi-In; Ren, Zhi; Li, Yong; Gubara, Sarah; Alawi, Faizan (2018-07-31). "Topical ferumoxytol nanoparticles disrupt biofilms and prevent tooth decay in vivo via intrinsic catalytic activity". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 2920. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.2920L. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05342-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6068184. PMID 30065293.
  21. ↑ Matsumoto-Nakano, Michiyo; Kuramitsu, Howard K. (December 2006). "Role of Bacteriocin Immunity Proteins in the Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans". Journal of Bacteriology. 188 (23): 8095–8102. doi:10.1128/jb.00908-06. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 1698205. PMID 16997961.
  22. ↑ Naganuma, Tamaki; Traversa, Enrico (May 2014). "The effect of cerium valence states at cerium oxide nanoparticle surfaces on cell proliferation". Biomaterials. 35 (15): 4441–4453. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.074. ISSN 0142-9612. PMID 24612920.
  23. ↑ Naha, Pratap C.; Liu, Yuan; Hwang, Geelsu; Huang, Yue; Gubara, Sarah; Jonnakuti, Venkata; Simon-Soro, Aurea; Kim, Dongyeop; Gao, Lizeng; Koo, Hyun; Cormode, David P. (2019-01-14). "Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Biomimetic Catalysts for Localized and pH-Activated Biofilm Disruption". ACS Nano. 13 (5): 4960–4971. doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b08702. ISSN 1936-0851. PMC 7059368 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 30642159.
  24. ↑ Niazi, S. A.; Al-Ali, W. M.; Patel, S.; Foschi, F.; Mannocci, F. (2015-01-03). "Synergistic effect of 2% chlorhexidine combined with proteolytic enzymes on biofilm disruption and killing". International Endodontic Journal. 48 (12): 1157–1167. doi:10.1111/iej.12420. ISSN 0143-2885. PMID 25482847.
  25. ↑ Nelson, Bryant; Johnson, Monique; Walker, Marlon; Riley, Kathryn; Sims, Christopher (2016-05-17). "Antioxidant Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine". Antioxidants. 5 (2): 15. doi:10.3390/antiox5020015. ISSN 2076-3921. PMC 4931536. PMID 27196936.
  26. ↑ Ozdemir Olgun, F. Ayca; Üzer, Ayşem; Ozturk, Birsen Demirata; Apak, Reşat (May 2018). "A novel cerium oxide nanoparticles–based colorimetric sensor using tetramethyl benzidine reagent for antioxidant activity assay". Talanta. 182: 55–61. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.047. ISSN 0039-9140. PMID 29501192.
  27. ↑ Ribeiro, Cecília Cláudia Costa; Ccahuana-Vásquez, Renzo Alberto; Carmo, Cadidja Dayane Sousa do; Alves, Cláudia Maria Coêlho; Leitão, Tarcísio Jorge; Vidotti, Lisandra Rocha; Cury, Jaime Aparecido (August 2012). "The effect of iron on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and on enamel demineralization". Brazilian Oral Research. 26 (4): 300–305. doi:10.1590/s1806-83242012000400003. ISSN 1806-8324. PMID 22790496.
  28. ↑ Rolim, Juliana P.M.L.; de-Melo, Mary A.S.; Guedes, Sarah F.; Albuquerque-Filho, Fernando B.; de Souza, Jackson R.; Nogueira, Nádia A.P.; Zanin, Iriana C.J.; Rodrigues, Lidiany K.A. (January 2012). "The antimicrobial activity of photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans using different photosensitizers". Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 106: 40–46. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.10.001. ISSN 1011-1344. PMID 22070899.
  29. ↑ Schenkein, Harvey A.; Papapanou, Panos N.; Genco, Robert; Sanz, Mariano (2020-05-08). "Mechanisms underlying the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic disease". Periodontology 2000. 83 (1): 90–106. doi:10.1111/prd.12304. ISSN 0906-6713. PMID 32385879 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  30. ↑ Siddiqui, Yasir Dilshad; Omori, Kazuhiro; Ito, Takashi; Yamashiro, Keisuke; Nakamura, Shin; Okamoto, Kentaro; Ono, Mitsuaki; Yamamoto, Tadashi; Van Dyke, Thomas E.; Takashiba, Shogo (2019-02-26). "Resolvin D2 Induces Resolution of Periapical Inflammation and Promotes Healing of Periapical Lesions in Rat Periapical Periodontitis". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 307. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00307. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 6399419. PMID 30863409.
  31. ↑ Mehrabkhani, Maryam; Ajami, Behjatolmolok; Parisay, Iman; Bolboli, Ali; Akbarian, Golsa (2015-06-10). "Knowledge of Emergency Management of Traumatized Teeth among Schoolteachers in Mashhad, Iran". Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects. 9 (2): 121–125. doi:10.15171/joddd.2015.024. ISSN 2008-210X. PMC 4517305. PMID 26236440.
  32. ↑ The Lancet (July 2019). "Oral health at a tipping point". The Lancet. 394 (10194): 188. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31639-3. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31327351. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  33. ↑ Torres Galvis, Hirsa M.; Bitter, Johannes H.; Davidian, Thomas; Ruitenbeek, Matthijs; Dugulan, A. Iulian; de Jong, Krijn P. (2012-09-19). "Iron Particle Size Effects for Direct Production of Lower Olefins from Synthesis Gas". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (39): 16207–16215. doi:10.1021/ja304958u. hdl:1874/272492. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 22953753.
  34. ↑ Wang, Dongdong; Jana, Deblin; Zhao, Yanli (2020-06-29). "Metal–Organic Framework Derived Nanozymes in Biomedicine". Accounts of Chemical Research. 53 (7): 1389–1400. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00268. ISSN 0001-4842. PMID 32597637 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  35. ↑ Wei, Hui; Wang, Erkang (2013). "Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes". Chemical Society Reviews. 42 (14): 6060–6093. doi:10.1039/c3cs35486e. ISSN 0306-0012. PMID 23740388.
  36. ↑ Xu, Can; Bing, Wei; Wang, Faming; Ren, Jinsong; Qu, Xiaogang (2017-07-03). "Versatile Dual Photoresponsive System for Precise Control of Chemical Reactions". ACS Nano. 11 (8): 7770–7780. doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b01450. ISSN 1936-0851. PMID 28661119.
  37. ↑ Yin, Wenyan; Yu, Jie; Lv, Fengting; Yan, Liang; Zheng, Li Rong; Gu, Zhanjun; Zhao, Yuliang (2016-11-29). "Functionalized Nano-MoS2 with Peroxidase Catalytic and Near-Infrared Photothermal Activities for Safe and Synergetic Wound Antibacterial Applications". ACS Nano. 10 (12): 11000–11011. doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b05810. ISSN 1936-0851. PMID 28024334.
  38. ↑ Zhang, Ruizhong; He, Shuijian; Zhang, Chunmei; Chen, Wei (2015). "Three-dimensional Fe- and N-incorporated carbon structures as peroxidase mimics for fluorescence detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose". Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 3 (20): 4146–4154. doi:10.1039/c5tb00413f. ISSN 2050-750X. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  39. ↑ Zhao, Xin; Wu, Hao; Guo, Baolin; Dong, Ruonan; Qiu, Yusheng; Ma, Peter X. (April 2017). "Antibacterial anti-oxidant electroactive injectable hydrogel as self-healing wound dressing with hemostasis and adhesiveness for cutaneous wound healing". Biomaterials. 122: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.011. ISSN 0142-9612. PMID 28107663.

Retrieved from "https://en.everybodywiki.com/index.php?title=Nanozyme_therapy&oldid=4667175"
License CC BY-SA 3.0
Powered by MediaWiki