Neuronostatin
{{Infobox protein
| name = Neuronostatin | AltNames = | image = | width = | caption = | Symbol = | AltSymbols = | IUPHAR_id = | ATC_prefix = | ATC_suffix = | ATC_supplemental = | CAS_number = 1096485-24-3 | CAS_supplemental = | DrugBank = | EntrezGene = | HGNCid = | OMIM = | PDB = | RefSeq = | UniProt = | ECnumber = | Chromosome = | Arm = | Band = | LocusSupplementaryData = | Wikidata = }}
Neuronostatin (abbreviated as NST) is a peptide hormone that may regulate portions of the endocrine system via interactions with G protein coupled receptors.[1]
Neuronostatin has two alternate cleavage products from the SST preproprotein, a 13 amino acid product and a 19 amino acid product that are both linear and amidated[2]. Alternative cleavage products of this preproprotein include the cyclic Somatostatin. Tissues have been found to express varying ratios of Neuronostatins and Somatostatins.
Neuronostatin has been associated with impaired memory[3], increased Aβ presence and aggravated Aβ pathologies[4][5], kidney function[6] and breast/prostate cancer metastasis[7][8]
Functions
Neuronostatin signals through the G protein Couple receptor GPR107.[1]
Neural Tissues
Neuronostatin binds to monomeric Aβ1-42 and increases the presence of Aβ plaques within the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.[4]. Neuronostatin also affects proliferation rates and metabolism within neuronal cells via activation of GPR107 and PKA[4][5]
Peripheral Tissues
Neuronostatin/GPR107 signaling is associated with regulation of COL4 within both breast cancer and kidney tissues, where Neuronostatin/GPR107 reduces expression of COL4.[7][6]. In breast cancer, this reduction in COL4 generates enlarged pores that allow for increase breast cancer migration and proliferation, leading to increased rates of metastasis[7]. Neuronostatin and GPR107 have similarly been linked to increased rates of migration within prostate cancer[8]. Within kidney tissues, Neuronostatin/GPR107 reduces thickening/remodeling of the glomerular basement membrane by reducing COL4 deposition and improves features of diabetic nephropathy[6]
Additional features of Neuronostatin signaling include regulation of cardiomyocytes; Neuronostatin depresses cardiomyocyte function by affecting [Ca2+]i responses and regulating the expression of calcium regulating proteins[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Yang, Shaobin; Zhao, Xiaoqian; Du, Yaqin; Yu, Peng (2022-08-01). "Emerging functions of neuronostatin in physiology, pathology, and potential therapeutics". Neuropeptides. 94: 102257. doi:10.1016/j.npep.2022.102257. ISSN 0143-4179.
- ↑ Samson, Willis K.; Zhang, Jian V.; Avsian-Kretchmer, Orna; Cui, Kai; Yosten, Gina L. C.; Klein, Cindy; Lyu, Rong-Ming; Wang, Yong Xiong; Chen, Xiang Qun; Yang, Jun; Price, Christopher J.; Hoyda, Ted D.; Ferguson, Alastair V.; Yuan, Xiao-bin; Chang, Jaw Kang (2008-11-14). "Neuronostatin encoded by the somatostatin gene regulates neuronal, cardiovascular, and metabolic functions". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (46): 31949–31959. doi:10.1074/jbc.M804784200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 2581552. PMID 18753129.
- ↑ Yang, Shaobin; Shao, Tingji; Yu, Peng; Cao, Ruidong; Zhang, Mingyu; Wen, Kang; Fan, Maorong; He, Bosheng (2019-05-17). "Neuronostatin promotes soluble Aβ1-42 oligomers –induced spatial learning and memory impairments in mice". Behavioural Brain Research. 364: 62–74. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.047. ISSN 0166-4328.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Yang, Shaobin; Tang, Qi; Zhang, Yimeng; Du, Yaqin; Zhao, Xiaoqian; Mei, Fangting; Li, Yanhong (2024-11-01). "Neuronostatin regulates neuronal function and energetic metabolism in Alzheimer's disease in a GPR107-dependent manner". Neuropharmacology. 258: 110090. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110090. ISSN 0028-3908.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Yang, Shaobin; Zhou, Feng; Ma, Mei; Yuan, Yaqin; Zhao, Shengyou; Yu, Peng (2020-10-01). "Neuronostatin Promotion Soluble Aβ1-42 Oligomers: Induced Dysfunctional Brain Glucose Metabolism in Mice". Neurochemical Research. 45 (10): 2474–2486. doi:10.1007/s11064-020-03106-y. ISSN 1573-6903.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Xu, Deping; Tong, Ziwen; Yang, Ping; Chen, Qiong; Wang, Suhua; Zhao, Wei; Han, Linzi; Yin, Yu; Xu, Ruyue; Zhang, Min; Cai, Chunlin; Wang, Deguang; Zang, Dandan; Zhou, Guoling; Zhou, Haisheng (2025-02-11). "G protein-coupled receptor 107 deficiency promotes development of diabetic nephropathy". Molecular Biomedicine. 6 (1): 10. doi:10.1186/s43556-025-00250-1. ISSN 2662-8651. PMC 11814420 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 39932642 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Xu, Ruyue; Liang, Jiahui; Zhang, Shuyuan; Moru, Puseletso; Liao, Kainan; Xu, Deping; Cao, Guodong; Cai, Chunlin; Zang, Dandan; Zhou, Guoling; Ren, Min; Zhou, Haisheng (December 2025). "GPR107: A key driver of breast cancer invasion and metastasis through collagen IV modulation". Cancer Gene Therapy. 32 (12): 1414–1427. doi:10.1038/s41417-025-00977-7. ISSN 1476-5500.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sáez-Martínez, Prudencio; Jiménez-Vacas, Juan M.; León-González, Antonio J.; Herrero-Aguayo, Vicente; Montero Hidalgo, Antonio J.; Gómez-Gómez, Enrique; Sánchez-Sánchez, Rafael; Requena-Tapia, María J.; Castaño, Justo P.; Gahete, Manuel D.; Luque, Raúl M. (2020-06-02). "Unleashing the Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential of the Neuronostatin/GPR107 System in Prostate Cancer". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 9 (6): 1703. doi:10.3390/jcm9061703. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 7355908 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32498336 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Zhu, Xiaoling; Hu, Nan; Chen, Xiyao; Zhu, Miao-Zhang; Dong, Hailong; Xu, Xihui; Luo, Fuling; Hua, Yinan; Nair, Sreejayan; Samson, Willis K.; Xiong, Lize; Ren, Jun (2014). "Neuronostatin Attenuates Myocardial Contractile Function through Inhibition of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in Murine Heart". Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 33 (6): 1921–1932. doi:10.1159/000362969. ISSN 1421-9778. Archived from the original on 2024-07-11. Retrieved 2026-03-05.
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