North Western Pashto
North Western[1] Pashto is spoken in the North and North-Eastern parts of Afghanistan.[2] It is spoken in Central Afghanistan, but should not be confused with Lewis' ISO 693-3 standard Central Pashto categorisation[3] which are referred to as the Middle Dialects [e.g. Wazirwola and Dzadrani[4]] by Anna Boyle.[2] It has the following phoneme shifts from other Pashto dialects:
| Pashto Alphabet | ښ | ږ | څ | ځ | ژ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central IPA Pronunciation | ç | ʝ | s | z | ʒ and z |
Regional Variation
This is however a generalisation, even amongst the North Western dialects there are differences. Compare the following differences as summarised by Dennis Coyle's research:[5]
| Meaning | Wardak | Jalalabad | Bati Kot | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| دوی | they | deɪ | ˈduwi | ˈduwi |
| راځي | comes [3rd person singular] | rəˈtsi | rɑˈzi | ˈrɑdzi |
| راکړه | give [imperative of راکول] | ˈrɑka | ˈrɑka | ˈrɑkɽa |
| پوهېدل | to know [infinitive] | pijeˈdəl | pojeˈdəl | pojidəl |
| شپږ | six | ʃpaʝ | ʃpag | ʃpiʒ |
| وريځ | cloud | wərˈjedz | wrez | wəˈredz |
| ښځه | woman | ˈçədza | ˈxəza | |
| اوبه | water | oˈbə | uˈbə | oˈbə |
References
- ↑ MacKenzie, D. N. (1959). "A Standard Pashto". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 22 (1/3): 232. ISSN 0041-977X.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 David, Anne Boyle (2014). Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and Its Dialects. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-1-61451-303-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Lewis, M. Paul (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. SIL International. ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6. Search this book on
- ↑ Septfonds, Daniel (1994). Le Dzadrani : un parler pashto du Paktya (Afgahanistan). Paris: Peeters Louvain. Search this book on
- ↑ Coyle, Dennis (2014-01-01). "Placing Wardak Among Pashto Varieties". Theses and Dissertations.
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